Her anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, bir hukuki de\u011fi\u015fimden ziyade siyasal bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik i\u00e7erir. \u0130ktidar\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, nas\u0131l bir y\u00f6nelime girilece\u011fi bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle belirlenir.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkemizde de bu durumun ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1982 Anayasas\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ; %10 baraj\u0131, zorunlu din dersleri, y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin yarg\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi gibi bir\u00e7ok sonu\u00e7 g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpacakt\u0131r. Fakat t\u00fcm bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin arka plan\u0131nda gerici-fa\u015fist bir darbenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. Ya da 2010 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin esas \u00f6nemi hukuki yeniliklerden ziyade, AKP\u2019nin iktidar\u0131n\u0131 tekle\u015ftirmesine yol a\u00e7mas\u0131nda yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, hukukun siyasetten \u201cba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmek ve t\u00fcm bu hukuki s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin esasen siyaset d\u00fczleminde oturdu\u011fu yeri anlamak gerekmektedir. \u00dclke siyasetinin ba\u015fl\u0131ca g\u00fcndemi olan ba\u015fkanl\u0131k tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na da buradan bakmak do\u011fru olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130ktidarlar ve me\u015fruiyet aray\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcm bu s\u00fcre\u00e7lere siyaseten bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da \u015funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz; her iktidar\u0131n me\u015frulu\u011fa ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. G\u00fcndemi belirleyebilmek, tepkileri \u00f6\u011frenebilmek ve toplumun farkl\u0131 kesimlerinden destek alabilmek t\u00fcm iktidarlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck hedeflerindendir. \u00d6zellikle \u015fu anki ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi gibi, y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7iminin de\u011fi\u015fece\u011fi bir anayasa i\u00e7in mevcut oy deste\u011finin \u00f6tesinde bir me\u015fruluk gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n AKP’liler de san\u0131r\u0131m bu durumun fark\u0131ndalar. \u00d6yle ki \u0130stanbul’un \u00e7e\u015fitli yerlerinde imzas\u0131z \u201cGen\u00e7lik yeni <\/em>anayasa <\/em>istiyor\u201d <\/em>afi\u015fleri g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n O zaman gen\u00e7lik ve ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine birka\u00e7 \u015fey s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi : De\u011fi\u015fen ne ?<\/strong><\/p>\n Anayasalar\u0131n olu\u015fumuna bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, ba\u015fl\u0131ca ama\u00e7 iktidar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Bu ama\u00e7 pratikte \u201ckuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulur. Yani t\u00fcm yetkiler tek bir ki\u015finin elinden \u00e7\u0131kar ve farkl\u0131 organlara ( yasama-y\u00fcr\u00fctme-yarg\u0131) da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece de her \u015feyi yapan sorumsuz lider anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 sona erer.<\/p>\n Fakat diyalektik burada da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden bulur; iktidar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ran anayasa varsa iktidar\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren ve hatta tekle\u015ftiren bir anayasa da olabilir. \u0130\u015fte bu anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n en son noktas\u0131d\u0131r ba\u015fkanl\u0131k anayasas\u0131. Bu anlay\u0131\u015fta kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesi devam etmektedir ancak i\u015fleyi\u015f tamamen de\u011fi\u015fecektir.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sisteminde meclis ikincil konuma gelecektir. Monist (tek\u00e7i) bir y\u00f6netim mevcut olacak ve t\u00fcm yetki ba\u015fkanda toplanacakt\u0131r. Bu yetkiler aras\u0131nda meclisi feshedebilme de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin mutlak \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sistem s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/p>\n Amerika’da bu sistem \u00f6zerk b\u00f6lgelere kendi kendini y\u00f6netme yetkisi vermi\u015f, ba\u015fkan ise son s\u00f6z\u00fc s\u00f6yleyen ki\u015fi konumuna yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u00dclkemizde ise b\u00f6yle bir durum olmayaca\u011fa benzemektedir. Bu yetkiler kendisine yetmemi\u015f olacak ki, mevcut Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 bu sistemin \u201c\u00fcniter devlet\u201d modeliyle de uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir. Bu konuda kendisine tarihte \u00f6rnek alabilece\u011fi bir ba\u015fkan da bulmu\u015f ve bir a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda da a\u011fz\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r : Hitler !<\/p>\n Temel olarak ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi i\u00e7in s\u00f6ylenebilecekler bunlar. Bir de gen\u00e7li\u011fe bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n Sorun parlamenter sistem mi ?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00dclkemizde gericilik, siyasi bask\u0131lar, ter\u00f6r, i\u015fsizlik gibi giderek artmakta olan sorunlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. E\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, ekonomi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar katlanarak devam etmektedir. T\u00fcm bu durumlar en \u00e7ok da gen\u00e7li\u011fi etkilemektedir. Toplumun en dinamik kesimi olmas\u0131 gereken gen\u00e7lik, 14 y\u0131ll\u0131k AKP iktidar\u0131nda t\u00fcm bu sorunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir. Gerici e\u011fitim, i\u015fsizlik s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ve rekabeti \u00f6n plana koyan ve bitmek bilmeyen s\u0131navlar d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcne hapsedilen bir sistem i\u00e7inde gen\u00e7lik t\u00fcm dinamizmini yitirmi\u015f ve bencille\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n T\u00fcm bu sorunlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131nca ise, meselenin parlamenter sistem olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadad\u0131r. Sorunlar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 AKP’nin ta kendisidir ve deste\u011fimizi bekledikleri bu anayasa da bu sorunlara hi\u00e7bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00fcretmemektedir.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 ve ne yapmal\u0131 ?<\/strong><\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak, meclisin t\u0131pk\u0131 Abd\u00fclhamit d\u00f6nemindeki haline d\u00f6nece\u011fi, yani kaderinin bir ki\u015finin iki duda\u011f\u0131na ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 bir tablo s\u00f6z konusudur. Bunu gizlemek i\u00e7in de tabloyu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlar. 2010\u2019da \u201cdarbeyle hesapla\u015fma\u201d dediler, \u015fimdi de \u201cGen\u00e7lik <\/em>yeni anayasa <\/em>istiyor\u201d <\/em>diyorlar.<\/p>\n Bu oyuna kanmamak gerekiyor. Evet gen\u00e7li\u011fin bir sistem problemi var ama arad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi de\u011fil; laik, e\u015fitlik\u00e7i ve emekten yana bir \u201csistem\u201ddir. Bunun i\u00e7in de yap\u0131lacak \u00e7ok i\u015f var. Hukuki ve siyasi olarak bir m\u00fccadele \u00f6rmenin aciliyeti ise \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde duruyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Her anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, bir hukuki de\u011fi\u015fimden ziyade siyasal bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik i\u00e7erir. \u0130ktidar\u0131n nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, nas\u0131l bir y\u00f6nelime girilece\u011fi bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle belirlenir. \u00dclkemizde de bu durumun ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin 1982 Anayasas\u0131na bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda ; %10 baraj\u0131, zorunlu din dersleri, y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin yarg\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi gibi bir\u00e7ok sonu\u00e7 g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpacakt\u0131r. Fakat t\u00fcm bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin arka plan\u0131nda gerici-fa\u015fist bir darbenin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayilar-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1576"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6953,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1576\/revisions\/6953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}