Hasan Basri Akgiray, 1950\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Karg\u0131 Hakimli\u011fi’nden \u00dcrg\u00fcp Hakimli\u011fi’ne atan\u0131r. \u0130lk bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 davalardan biri, bir \u00dcrg\u00fcp k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn, d\u00f6nemin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Celal Bayar\u2019a hakaret iddias\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Dava s\u00fcresince Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli telefonlar alan Akgiray, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n sonunda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraatine karar verir. Karar, Yarg\u0131tay taraf\u0131ndan onaylan\u0131r. Bu karar, onun \u00dcrg\u00fcp\u2019e geli\u015finin sekizinci ay\u0131nda s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesine neden olacakt\u0131r.[foot]Hasan Basri Akgiray, Gere\u011fi
\nD\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc, Kaynak Yay, 2003[\/foot]<\/p>\n
Y\u0131l 2015. Mevlana\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc t\u00f6renlerine kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere Konya’ya gelen Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan, Konya Gar\u0131’nda bir konu\u015fma yapar. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131 dinlemeye gelenler aras\u0131nda bulunan 1958 do\u011fumlu Mustafa \u015eahin adl\u0131 vatanda\u015f, yan\u0131ndakilere torununun okulda ba\u015f\u0131na gelen bir h\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k olay\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131rken Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131’n\u0131n korumalar\u0131n\u0131n giri\u015fimiyle karakola g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ve ilgili n\u00f6bet\u00e7i savc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ifadesinin al\u0131narak serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 talimat\u0131 verilmi\u015ftir. Savc\u0131, uyar\u0131(!) \u00fczerine \u015f\u00fcpheliyi tutuklanmak \u00fczere mahkemeye sevk etse de, Sulh Ceza Yarg\u0131c\u0131 \u015fahs\u0131 tutuklamaz. Bu olay\u0131n \u00fczerine Savc\u0131, Konya\u2019dan Zonguldak\u2019a \u201cg\u00f6revlendirilir\u2019\u2019. Bu olaydan k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra yine Konya\u2019da bu kez, 16 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir \u00e7ocuk yine Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019na hakaret etti\u011fi iddias\u0131yla tutuklan\u0131r. Muhtemelen savc\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesi hakimi etkilemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130ki \u00f6rnekte de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, \u00fclkemizde ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, su\u00e7un konusu cumhurba\u015fkanlar\u0131 oldu\u011funda aradan 60 y\u0131l ge\u00e7se de istikrarl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu su\u00e7 yarg\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u2018ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019 aras\u0131ndaki orant\u0131l\u0131l\u0131k testi oldu\u011fu kadar, “yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 testi” niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n
Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret su\u00e7u, di\u011fer ki\u015filere ve kamu g\u00f6revlilerine hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 [foot]Sahir Erman, Hakaret ve S\u00f6vme Su\u00e7lar\u0131, \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Fen Fak\u00fcltesi Yay,1989, s. 80 vd.[\/foot]T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun (TCK) 125. maddesinde farkl\u0131 bir ba\u015fl\u0131kta, Kanun\u2019un 299. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, 1 ila 4 y\u0131l aras\u0131 hapistir. Su\u00e7un alenen i\u015flenmesi art\u0131r\u0131m nedenidir. Bu su\u00e7la cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fonksiyonlar\u0131 de\u011fil, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u015feref varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 korunmaktad\u0131r. Genel hakaret ve s\u00f6vme su\u00e7lar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret ve s\u00f6vme su\u00e7unun olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de; onun sosyal de\u011feri konusunda kendisinin veya toplumun sahip oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve duygular\u0131 sars\u0131c\u0131 fiil veya s\u0131fatlar isnat veya izafe edilmelidir. Ne t\u00fcr hareketlerin \u015feref ve itibar\u0131 ihlal edici oldu\u011fu, toplumda hakim olan ortalama d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f ve anlay\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re belirlenmelidir, bunu tayinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc bireyin \u00f6zel duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir, bu itibarla basit bir sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k hakaret ve s\u00f6vme olarak nitelendirilemez.2 \u00dclkemizde bu su\u00e7 i\u00e7in dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, Adalet Bakan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iznine tabidir.<\/p>\n
Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret fiili, ba\u015fka \u00fclkelerde de su\u00e7 olarak yasalarda yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Almanya ve \u0130talya gibi AB \u00fclkelerinde de bu su\u00e7 i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen yapt\u0131r\u0131m 3 aydan 5 y\u0131la kadar hapis cezas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, Alman Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun 90. maddesinde bu su\u00e7un olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in TCK\u2019dan farkl\u0131 olarak, alenen veya bir toplant\u0131da ya da yay\u0131n yoluyla i\u015flenmesi, a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekilde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lama i\u00e7ermesi \u015fartt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, su\u00e7un kovu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve soru\u015fturulmas\u0131 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n onay\u0131na tabidir. Bu nedenle olsa gerek, kamuoyu bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n etkili oldu\u011fu Almanya gibi Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret su\u00e7undan dolay\u0131 hapis cezas\u0131 ile cezaland\u0131r\u0131lana pek rastlanmaz. Fransa\u2019da da cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret su\u00e7unun neredeyse uygulamas\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. General De Gaulle\u2019\u00fcn cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak G. Pompidou\u2019nun cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131nda bu nedenle sadece bir dava a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, 1974 y\u0131l\u0131 ile 2007 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Giscard d\u2019Estaing, F. Mitterand ve J. Chirac\u2019\u0131n cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ise hi\u00e7bir dava a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[foot]V. EON v. FRANSA KARARI[\/foot]<\/p>\n
Yaln\u0131zca 8.500 karakterle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir yaz\u0131da konunun t\u00fcm hukuksal y\u00f6nlerini irdelemek olanak d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, burada \u00f6zellikle ba\u015fvuru kayna\u011f\u0131 olan \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa Mahkemesi (\u0130HAM) kararlar\u0131na vurgu yapmakla yetinece\u011fim.<\/p>\n
\u0130fade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin (\u0130HAS) 10. maddesinde \u201cHerkes ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc hakk\u0131na sahiptir. Bu hak, kamu makamlar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ve \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilmeksizin, kanaat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve haber ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f alma ve de verme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de kapsar. Bu madde, Devletlerin radyo, televizyon ve sinema i\u015fletmelerini bir izin rejimine tabi tutmalar\u0131na engel de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6rev ve sorumluluklar da y\u00fckleyen bu \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, yasayla \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen ve demokratik bir toplumda ulusal g\u00fcvenli\u011fin, toprak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn veya kamu g\u00fcvenli\u011finin korunmas\u0131, kamu d\u00fczeninin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve su\u00e7 i\u015flenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n veya ahlak\u0131n, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hret ve haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131, gizli bilgilerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi veya yarg\u0131 erkinin yetki ve tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan baz\u0131 formaliteler, ko\u015fullar, s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar veya yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara tabi tutulabilir.\u2019\u2019 \u015feklinde form\u00fcle edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa Mahkemesi\u2019ne g\u00f6re; ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc demokratik bir toplumun en \u00f6nemli temellerinden birisi olup, toplumsal ilerlemenin ve her ki\u015finin geli\u015fiminin ba\u015fl\u0131ca ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan birini te\u015fkil etmektedir. \u0130HAS\u2019\u0131n 10. maddesinin 2. f\u0131kras\u0131 sakl\u0131 kalmak ko\u015fuluyla, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yaln\u0131zca iyi kar\u015f\u0131lanan ya da zarars\u0131z veya \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmayan ya da kayg\u0131 uyand\u0131ran \u201cbilgiler\u201d ya da \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler\u201d i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir; \u00e7o\u011fulculuk, ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fc ve a\u00e7\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bunu gerektirir ve bunlar olmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u201cdemokratik bir toplum\u201d olamaz. 10. maddede benimsenen ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu \u015fekilde olmakla birlikte, yine de bu, dar bir yorum gerektiren istisnalar i\u00e7ermektedir ve bu hakk\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlama ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n ikna edici bir bi\u00e7imde ortaya konmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.[foot]\u0130HAM, Handyside\/Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 ve Pakdemirli\/TR kararlar\u0131.[\/foot]<\/p>\n
Lingens karar\u0131nda mahkeme; siyasi liderler hakk\u0131nda \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 olgusunun, kamuoyunun \u015fekillenmesini sa\u011flayan en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lardan biri oldu\u011fu, demokratik bir toplumun temel niteli\u011fi olan siyasi tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n S\u00f6zle\u015fme taraf\u0131ndan korunan haklar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geldi\u011fini belirtilerek politikac\u0131lar i\u00e7in kabul edilebilir ele\u015ftirinin di\u011fer bireylere g\u00f6re daha geni\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve \u00f6zel ki\u015filerden farkl\u0131 olarak politikac\u0131lar\u0131n her s\u00f6z ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bilerek ve isteyerek bas\u0131n\u0131n ve kamuoyunun g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve ele\u015ftirisine a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespitlerini yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ki\u015filerin \u015feref ve haysiyetlerinin korunmas\u0131ndan politikac\u0131lar da yararlanabilecektir. Ancak bu gibi durumlarda koruman\u0131n zorunlu olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na, siyasi konular\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ihtiyac\u0131 ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan zarar aras\u0131nda bir denge kurulmas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131larak karar verilmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca belirtmek gerekir ki, h\u00fck\u00fcmet hakk\u0131ndaki ele\u015ftirinin caiz olan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, \u00f6zel ki\u015filere hatta bir politikac\u0131ya nazaran daha geni\u015ftir.[foot]Lingens\/Avusturya karar\u0131 ba\u015fvuru no:9815\/82, karar tarihi:08.07.1986, http:\/\/ihami.anadolu.edu.tr\/ aihmgoster.asp?id=112, http:\/\/www.turkhukuksitesi.com makale_713.htm, Can Canpolat.[\/foot]<\/p>\n
Colombani\/Fransa karar\u0131nda \u0130HAM, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n hakaret su\u00e7u ma\u011fduru olmas\u0131 durumunda ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 korumadan yararlanamayaca\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir. Colombani davas\u0131na konu olayda; \u201cba\u015fvurucu Fas Kral\u0131\u2019na hakaret etti\u011fi i\u00e7in 1881 tarihli Bas\u0131n \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesi uyar\u0131nca cezaland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesi devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6revleri ve konumlar\u0131 nedeniyle korumaktad\u0131r. A\u0130HM, yabanc\u0131 devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011fa sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131n modern uygulama siyasi kavramlarla ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir. Mahkeme\u2019ye g\u00f6re, bir devletin ba\u015fka devletlerle dost\u00e7a ili\u015fkiler s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme konusundaki \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131 ne olursa olsun b\u00f6yle bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131k ula\u015f\u0131lmak istenen ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in zorunluluk niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131maz. Yabanc\u0131 bir devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 hakarete u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ediyorsa, herkes i\u00e7in ola\u011fan ba\u015fvuru yollar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir ama bunun i\u00e7in ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 korumadan yararlanamaz (Colombani\/Fransa, no. 51279\/99, 25.6.2002, para. 68-69). Fransa h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, A\u0130HM karar\u0131 \u00fczerine ilgili h\u00fckm\u00fc ilga etmi\u015ftir.\u201d [foot]http:\/\/bianet.org\/biamag\/ifade ozgurlgu\/167994-tck-299-olmayan hukmun-gazabi-mi, Kerem Alt\u0131parmak, Yaman Akdeniz.[\/foot]<\/p>\n
\u0130HAM, Pakdemirli\/T\u00fcrkiye karar\u0131nda da; \u201c\u2026bir ki\u015fi hakaret davas\u0131nda salt devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in di\u011fer vatanda\u015flardan daha fazla koruma g\u00f6remez.\u201d[foot]Pakdemirli\/T\u00fcrkiye, no. 35839\/97, 22.2.2005[\/foot] diyerek, cumhurba\u015fkanlar\u0131na \u00f6zel ayr\u0131cal\u0131k sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 hukuka uygun bulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. \u0130HAM, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 stat\u00fcs\u00fc kabul g\u00f6remez saptamas\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye aleyhine yap\u0131lan bir ba\u015fka ba\u015fvuruda da tekrarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[foot]Artun ve G\u00fcvener\/T\u00fcrkiye.[\/foot]<\/p>\n
\u0130HAM, Mondragon\/\u0130spanya karar\u0131nda; devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen hakaret fiillerinde ma\u011fdura daha fazla koruma sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin ruhuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir (Otegi Mondragon). Bu davada \u0130HAM, \u0130spanya Kral\u0131\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer insanlardan ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bir hakaret h\u00fckm\u00fcyle korunmas\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fru olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f, Kral\u2019\u0131n da ayr\u0131cal\u0131kl\u0131 bir korumadan yararlanamayaca\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130HAM\u2019\u0131n Eon\/Fransa karar\u0131nda; \u201cH\u00fck\u00fcmete g\u00f6re m\u00fcdahale kamu d\u00fczenini koruma amac\u0131 g\u00fctmekteydi. Mahkeme ise, \u00f6zellikle ulusal mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilen gerek\u00e7eler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, m\u00fcdahalenin amac\u0131n\u0131n \u201cba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hretini (…) korumak\u201d oldu\u011fu kanaatindedir.\u2019\u2019 \u015feklinde yorum getirmesinden, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret su\u00e7unun ceza yasalar\u0131nda \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenlenmesine bir ele\u015ftiri oldu\u011fu yorumlanabilir. Zira; \u0130HAM\u2019a g\u00f6re, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret su\u00e7unun d\u00fczenlenme amac\u0131 kamu d\u00fczeni de\u011fil, ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u00f6hretinin korunmas\u0131d\u0131r. O zaman bu su\u00e7, di\u011fer fertlerin ve di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerinin \u015f\u00f6hretlerinin korundu\u011fu yasa metinleri i\u00e7inde yer almal\u0131, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131m di\u011fer kamu g\u00f6revlilerine hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131nda uygulanandan
\ndaha fazla olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da irdelenen kararlar incelendi\u011finde \u0130HAM, devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yapt\u0131r\u0131ma ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, devlet ba\u015fkanlar\u0131na hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131nda ceza yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer bireylerin ma\u011fduru oldu\u011fu hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan daha a\u011f\u0131r olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u0130HAS\u2019\u0131n 10. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yap\u0131lacak olan; Fransa\u2019n\u0131n Colombani karar\u0131ndan sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, mevzuat\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirip, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakareti d\u00fczenleyen TCK\u2019n\u0131n 299. maddesini y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131rmak olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu d\u00fczenleme ile Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret su\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kmayacak, ama yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 1 y\u0131ldan 4 y\u0131la kadar hapis olmaktan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p, TCK 124\/3-a maddesi uyar\u0131nca 1 y\u0131ldan 2 y\u0131la kadar hapis veya adli para cezas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fecektir. B\u00f6yle bir d\u00fczenleme sonras\u0131 cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131nda CMK\u2019n\u0131n 100. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca tutuklama karar\u0131 verilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r. (CMK m.100\/4: (De\u011fi\u015fik: 2\/7\/2012-6352\/96 md.) Sadece adl\u00ee para cezas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren veya hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 iki y\u0131ldan fazla olmayan su\u00e7larda tutuklama karar\u0131 verilemez.) Ancak; genel anlamda hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131 ve \u00f6zelde kamu g\u00f6revlilerine ve do\u011fal olarak cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131nda da hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n, ki\u015filerin onur ve sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 me\u015fru amac\u0131yla demokratik bir toplumda orant\u0131l\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131s\u0131nday\u0131m. \u0130HAM\u2019\u0131n Pakdemirli\/T\u00fcrkiye karar\u0131nda da ifade edildi\u011fi gibi, (ki Pakdemirli karar\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca tazminata h\u00fckmedilmi\u015fti) yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n fazlal\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumunda bireyler, siyasi ki\u015filikleri ele\u015ftirmekten de \u00e7ekinecek, bu durum ifade hakk\u0131n\u0131 ciddi anlamda s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131racakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle, hakaret su\u00e7lar\u0131nda yapt\u0131r\u0131m, Frans\u0131z Ceza Yasas\u0131\u2019nda oldu\u011fu gibi, su\u00e7un tekerr\u00fcr\u00fc halinde adli para cezas\u0131 olarak belirlenmelidir.<\/p>\n
Nihayet Colombani karar\u0131ndan sonra Fransa\u2019da, eylemin su\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 da g\u00fcndeme getirilmi\u015ftir. Fiilin su\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla senat\u00f6rler ve milletvekilleri taraf\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok kanun teklifi yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f (bunlar aras\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle bk. Senat\u00f6r M\u00e9lenchon taraf\u0131ndan Kas\u0131m 2008 tarihinde yap\u0131lan teklif veya Ulusal Meclis Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na 20 May\u0131s 2010 tarihinde bir\u00e7ok milletvekilinin imzas\u0131yla sunulan teklif) ve bunlardan sonuncusu Senato Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na 20 Mart 2012 tarihinde sunulmu\u015ftur. Teklifinin gerek\u00e7esinde teklif sahibi (Bay Masson) \u015funlara yer vermi\u015ftir: \u201cher vatanda\u015f\u0131n iftira ve s\u00f6vme fiillerinin i\u015flenmesi durumunda genel h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ba\u015fvurarak haklar\u0131n\u0131 arayabilecekleri dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret su\u00e7unun varl\u0131k nedeni bulunmamaktad\u0131r. \u00dcstelik hakaret su\u00e7unun kapsam\u0131 o kadar geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir ki, kapsam\u0131na basit bir siyasi yergi veya biraz sert bir ele\u015ftiri de girebilmektedir. Bu gerek\u00e7elerle demokratik devletlerin neredeyse tamam\u0131 ceza kanunlar\u0131ndan devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131na hakaret su\u00e7unu \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin L\u00fcksemburg 2002 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cB\u00fcy\u00fck D\u00fck\u2019e kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan k\u00f6t\u00fc ithamlar\u0131\u201d su\u00e7 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015f ve genel h\u00fck\u00fcmler kapsam\u0131na dahil etmi\u015ftir\u201d (Eon\/FR).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hasan Basri Akgiray, 1950\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, Karg\u0131 Hakimli\u011fi’nden \u00dcrg\u00fcp Hakimli\u011fi’ne atan\u0131r. \u0130lk bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 davalardan biri, bir \u00dcrg\u00fcp k\u00f6yl\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn, d\u00f6nemin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Celal Bayar\u2019a hakaret iddias\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Dava s\u00fcresince Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan \u00e7e\u015fitli telefonlar alan Akgiray, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n sonunda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraatine karar verir. Karar, Yarg\u0131tay taraf\u0131ndan onaylan\u0131r. Bu karar, onun \u00dcrg\u00fcp\u2019e geli\u015finin sekizinci ay\u0131nda s\u00fcrg\u00fcn edilmesine neden olacakt\u0131r.[foot]Hasan Basri […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1631","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayilar-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1631","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1631"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1631\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1631"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1631"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1631"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}