Bir kavram\u0131 tan\u0131mlamaya giri\u015fmeden \u00f6nce, y\u00f6ntemsel olarak, \u00fczerine y\u00fckseldi\u011fi iktisadi\u2013siyasi temeli de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir. Bu ba\u011flamda, s\u00f6z\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00f6zetle s\u00f6yleyelim. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6denmemi\u015f art\u0131 eme\u011fin ekonomi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollarla \u00fcreticiden al\u0131nmas\u0131, dinsel unsurlar\u0131 da i\u00e7eren zor mekanizmalar\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Kapitalistle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde, i\u00e7inde din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu iktidar blokuna kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, dinin zor mekanizmalar\u0131 i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda laisizm, s\u0131n\u0131flar m\u00fccadelesinin bir sonucudur.<\/p>\n
Kapitalizm \u00f6ncesi \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imlerinde, \u00fcretim ili\u015fkilerinin s\u00fcreklili\u011fini sa\u011flayan zorun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan dinin bu konumunu yitirmesi, kapitalizm ve sonras\u0131 \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in bu s\u00fcrecin kendili\u011finden y\u00fcr\u00fcmesi anlam\u0131na gelir mi? Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fcnya, b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6rnek. 21 inci y\u00fczy\u0131lda y\u00f6netenler ve sermaye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131, din olgusunu a\u011fz\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fcyor. B\u00f6ylece emek ve sermaye aras\u0131ndaki antogonizma, \u00e7eldiricilerle yumu\u015fat\u0131l\u0131yor ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcye r\u0131za geli\u015ftiriliyor.<\/p>\n
D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn ki, bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck penceresi dahi olmayan kapal\u0131 kasa pikaplarla \u201cta\u015f\u0131nan\u201d kad\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7iler, \u00f6nce fabrika bah\u00e7esini ard\u0131ndan bu \u00e7elik zindan\u0131 dolduran sel sular\u0131 i\u00e7inde bo\u011fulduklar\u0131nda, d\u00f6nemin palazland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 dinci patron, analar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcc\u00fck \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu cenaze t\u00f6reninde kadere sitem etme cesaretini bulabiliyor.<\/p>\n
Bu saptama, \u201cdin ve devlet i\u015flerinin birbirinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d olarak basit\u00e7e ifade edilen liberal laiklik tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca yetersizli\u011fini de\u011fil, ideolojik \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc de ortaya koyuyor. Bunun de\u015fifrasyonu ve anti tezinin geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
O halde s\u00f6yleyelim: Laiklik dini insan vicdan\u0131na b\u0131rakan, dinin iktisadi, siyasi ve toplumsal etkilerini azaltmay\u0131 ve ortadan kald\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan siyasi, ideolojik ve do\u011fal olarak s\u0131n\u0131fsal bir m\u00fccadele arac\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte zor\u2019un, bug\u00fcnse r\u0131za\u2019n\u0131n yeniden \u00fcretilmesindeki rol\u00fcyle dincilik, s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn gizlenmesindeki en \u00f6nemli ara\u00e7lardand\u0131r; kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin, ikincisine ili\u015fkin post modern t\u00fcm mekanizmalar\u0131 da hedefe koyarak y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u011flamda, kapitalist \u00fcretim bi\u00e7iminin \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7ler \u2013 \u00fcretim ili\u015fkileri sarmal\u0131nda \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131na sahiplik ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc sorununa odaklanmayan, zor ve r\u0131za toplam\u0131ndan olu\u015fan kapitalist devlet, me\u015fruiyet, hukuk ve y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesini dert etmeyen bir laiklik zemini, ayaklar\u0131 yere basmayan i\u00e7eri\u011fiyle kaybetmeye mahk\u00fbmdur, kaybederken de s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn derinle\u015fmesine hizmet eder.<\/p>\n
Bu noktada, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin laisizmle imtihan\u0131 konusuna bir giri\u015f yap\u0131labilir.Tarihsel zincirin s\u00fcreklilik ve kopu\u015f ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmesi, analize ferahl\u0131k sa\u011flar. Bu ba\u011flamda, 1923 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Osmanl\u0131\u2019dan siyaseten bir kopu\u015f, iktisaden s\u00fcreklilik sarmal\u0131nda (ikincisi i\u00e7in 1930\u2019lar\u0131n beklenmesi gerekecektir) nitelendirilmesine y\u00f6nelik bir \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc vard\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n, Cumhuriyet\u2019in ayd\u0131nlanma alan\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n, Osmanl\u0131\u2019da Tanzimat\u2019la birlikte at\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar\u0131n bir devam\u0131 oldu\u011fu sav\u0131n\u0131n taraftarlar\u0131 da az de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Hemen s\u00f6ylemek gerekir ki, saltanat\u0131n ve hilafetin kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131, tekke ve zaviyelerin kapat\u0131larak e\u011fitimin tekle\u015ftirilmesi, harf devrimi, Medeni Kanun\u2019un kabul\u00fc, kad\u0131n\u0131n toplumsal ve siyasal ya\u015fama kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n desteklenmesi, laiklik ilkesinin Anayasal g\u00fcvenceye kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u201cko\u015fullar\u0131n olgunla\u015fmas\u0131yla\u201d veya \u201ctoplumsal taleple\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klanamayacak bir s\u0131\u00e7ramay\u0131 temsil eder. Bu ba\u011flamda s\u00f6z\u00fc edilen ko\u015fullar, toplum ve Birinci Meclis\u2019in s\u0131n\u0131fsal yap\u0131s\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde, normal do\u011fumun, Osmanl\u0131\u2019y\u0131 izleyen bir Anayasal Monar\u015fiyi meydana getirece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek, tarihsel ak\u0131\u015fla uyumludur. Bir kez daha belirtelim ki, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan uyum de\u011fil, birikenden yararlanan ancak ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 bozan bir s\u0131\u00e7ramad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00fcst yap\u0131 devrimlerinin m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkileri de dahil olmak \u00fczere bir yeni k\u00fclt\u00fcre d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in, K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri ve toprak reformu devreye sokulmak istendi. Ancak CHP i\u00e7inde toprak, ticaret, finans kapital s\u0131n\u0131f ve fraksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n temsilcileri \u201ctehlikeyi\u201d g\u00f6rmekte gecikmediler. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 kurulan iki kutuplu d\u00fcnyada Amerika \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndeki kapitalist kampa kat\u0131lan T\u00fcrkiye, kom\u00fcnizme kar\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fturulan ye\u015fil ku\u015fak projesinin ileri karakolu konumuna sokuldu, IMF-DB-NATO \u00fcyesi oldu. Bu kez dincilik ve gericilik s\u0131\u00e7ramalarla ilerlerken, CHP bu alanda DP ile yar\u0131\u015fa giri\u015fti. Sol ayd\u0131nlanma \u00e7izgisini temsil eden simgelerin (gazeteci, \u015fair, yazar, \u00fcniversite \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi) \u00fclkeden kovuldu\u011fu, hapse at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde, k\u00f6y enstit\u00fcleri kapat\u0131ld\u0131, toprak reformu toprak a\u011falar\u0131na hizmet eder bi\u00e7ime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 d\u00f6neme ayr\u0131lan b\u00f6l\u00fcm, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki laiklik s\u00fcrecinin kronolojisine y\u00f6nelmek kayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yor. Yaz\u0131ld\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc alt\u0131 \u00e7izilen d\u00f6nem, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bug\u00fcn\u00fc anlamay\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran izler ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. 1960\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda camiden \u00e7\u0131kan MTTB \u00fcyelerinin \u0130stanbul\u2019a demir atm\u0131\u015f Amerikan filosunu protesto edenlere sald\u0131rmas\u0131 ile bug\u00fcnk\u00fc dinci \u2013 fa\u015fist yap\u0131n\u0131n ideolojik \u00f6z\u00fc ayn\u0131d\u0131r. Yapt\u0131klar\u0131 hizmetlerin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Menderes\u2019in \u00f6zel kaleminde \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc \u00f6denek paras\u0131 bekleyen Necip Faz\u0131l ad\u0131na g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Edebiyat \u00d6d\u00fcl t\u00f6renleri d\u00fczenlenmesini anlamak i\u00e7in, dinci-fa\u015fist devletin temellerini yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0130deolocya \u00d6rg\u00fcs\u00fc kitab\u0131na bakmak yeterlidir. S\u00fcreklilik ili\u015fkisi buralarda arand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda anlaml\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, din olgusunun kamusal alandan \u00f6zel alana \u00e7ekilmesini sa\u011flayan, insan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi yolunda at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m olan ayd\u0131nlanman\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi, toplumsal dokuda \u00fcreyen ve bireysel gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnen gericile\u015fme ve dincile\u015fmenin, iktisadi ve siyasi yap\u0131y\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na almas\u0131 ile m\u00fccadele edilmesi zorunludur.<\/p>\n
Devlet kapitalizminin klientist devlet yap\u0131s\u0131ndan beslenirken \u201cortanca e\u015ften\u201d s\u00f6z edenler, Medeni Kanun\u2019un \u00e7oktan uygulamadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n fark\u0131ndad\u0131rlar. Hukuken yasakl\u0131 olan tarikatlardan hangisinin hangi Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 egemenli\u011fi alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n listeleri gazetelerde yay\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Bilimsel \u015f\u00fcphecilik\/sorgulama temeli ortadan kalkan e\u011fitim yap\u0131s\u0131nda, kader ve itaat \u00fczerine \u015fekillendirilen \u00e7ocuk ki\u015fili\u011fi veri iken, dinci vak\u0131flarda gece yar\u0131lar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bedenlere y\u00f6nelen al\u00e7akl\u0131\u011f\u0131n m\u00fcnferit olamayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6rg\u00fcl \u00f6rneklerle desteklenme ihtiyac\u0131 duymaz, kuram bu alanda a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0Zaman, kavramlar\u0131 liberal, klasik, ana ak\u0131m tutsakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131p ayaklar\u0131n\u0131 yere bast\u0131rmak zaman\u0131d\u0131r. Do\u011fru tan\u0131mland\u0131klar\u0131nda, kavramlar, m\u00fccadelenin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de g\u00f6stermektedirler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bir kavram\u0131 tan\u0131mlamaya giri\u015fmeden \u00f6nce, y\u00f6ntemsel olarak, \u00fczerine y\u00fckseldi\u011fi iktisadi\u2013siyasi temeli de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir. Bu ba\u011flamda, s\u00f6z\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00f6zetle s\u00f6yleyelim. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6denmemi\u015f art\u0131 eme\u011fin ekonomi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollarla \u00fcreticiden al\u0131nmas\u0131, dinsel unsurlar\u0131 da i\u00e7eren zor mekanizmalar\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Kapitalistle\u015fme s\u00fcrecinde, i\u00e7inde din adamlar\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu iktidar blokuna kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi, dinin zor mekanizmalar\u0131 i\u00e7inden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1633","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayilar-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1633","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1633"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1633\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}