Tahsin Y\u00fccel\u2019in G\u00f6kdelen Roman\u0131\u2019na bug\u00fcnden bir bak\u0131\u015f.[foot]T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Hukukun D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dosya konusu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu ilk say\u0131m\u0131zda hukukun ve yarg\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bir distopya halinde, \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde dile getirdi\u011fi \u201cG\u00f6kdelen\u201d roman\u0131 hakk\u0131nda r\u00f6portaj yapmak i\u00e7in Tahsin Y\u00fccel ile ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordum ki 22.01.2016 g\u00fcn\u00fc vefat etti. B\u00f6yle olunca da \u201cG\u00f6kdelen\u201d hakk\u0131nda yazmak \u00fczere masa ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mek zorunlu hale geldi.[\/foot]<\/p>\n
Tahsin Y\u00fccel \u201cVatanda\u015f\u201d isimli kitab\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ns\u00f6zde kitab\u0131n\u0131n Dostoyevski\u2019nin Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar\u2019\u0131n\u0131, Duhamel\u2019in Salavin\u2019lerinin, Camus\u2019n\u00fcn D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn arkas\u0131na tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, birinci ki\u015fi a\u011fz\u0131ndan ikinci ki\u015fiye y\u00f6nelen canl\u0131 konu\u015fmalar oldu\u011funu, konu\u015fmac\u0131lardan sadece birinin s\u00f6yleminin verildi\u011fini, \u00f6tekinin s\u00f6ylemi ve tepkilerinin ancak dolayl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde, bu tek s\u00f6ylemin i\u00e7inden yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir ama bu arada \u201cYeralt\u0131ndan Notlar da, D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f de ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00fcnyay\u0131, insan\u0131 ve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yans\u0131tmak isteyen yap\u0131tlard\u0131r.\u201d demektedir. Neden \u201c… bu \u00f6yk\u00fclerin anlat\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 da belirli bir ser\u00fcven anlat\u0131rlar bize, ama, bu arada, her \u015feyden s\u00f6z edebilirler\u201d demektedir Tahsin Y\u00fccel? Bireyin i\u00e7sel d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131, kendi \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini, kendi kibirlerini ya da ma\u011fduriyetlerini, d\u00fczen ve d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnya ile olan uyumsuzlu\u011funu ve kavgas\u0131n\u0131 konu edinen eserlerin sanki bu uyumsuzluklar ve kavgalar bireyin kendinden menkul \u00f6zelliklermi\u015f gibi g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir \u201cbireysel roman\u201d alg\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bir \u201cama\u201d oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum Tahsil Y\u00fccel\u2019in \u201cama\u201ds\u0131n\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn de T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de roman kahraman\u0131 \u201cbireyselli\u011fe\u201d ve \u201cg\u00fcndelik\u201d olana o kadar indirgenmi\u015f haldedir ki asl\u0131nda Yeralt\u0131ndan Notlar\u2019\u0131n ya da D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u2019\u00fcn ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00fcnyay\u0131, insan\u0131 ve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yans\u0131tmak isteyen yap\u0131tlar oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclememektedir. \u201cD\u00fcnyay\u0131, insan\u0131 ve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 yans\u0131tmak istemek\u201d sadece \u201cger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik\u201d ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu san\u0131lmakta ve tukaka edilmektedir. Ya da bir ba\u015fka deyi\u015fle \u201cbirey\u201de dair anlat\u0131lanlar ile d\u00fcnyan\u0131n, insan\u0131n ve \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n yans\u0131t\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, bunlar\u0131n bir arada romana konu edilemeyece\u011fi san\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tahsin Y\u00fccel ise romanlar\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sererken, modern bireyin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu d\u00fczenle olan kavgas\u0131 ile i\u00e7sel kavgas\u0131n\u0131 bir arada dile getirmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmaz. Y\u00fccel\u2019in bu anlamda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u00e7 \u201cironi\u201ddir. \u0130roniyi roman ki\u015filerinin \u00fcstlendi\u011fi fonksiyonlarda ya da tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tav\u0131rda kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, anlat\u0131c\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da kullanmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6kdelen roman\u0131nda ise roman\u0131n tamam\u0131 ironiktir. Y\u00fccel\u2019in bu roman\u0131 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131mlan\u0131r ve 2073 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiyesini anlatmakta ve \u0130stanbul\u2019da ge\u00e7mektedir. Roman\u0131n ana karakteri eski Marksist avukat Can Tezcan, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin en \u00fcnl\u00fc avukatlar\u0131ndan biridir. \u00dcniversite y\u0131llar\u0131nda sol m\u00fccadelenin tan\u0131nan bir \u00f6\u011frenci \u00f6nderi oldu\u011fu, polisin tabancas\u0131n\u0131 belinden al\u0131p polise do\u011frulttu\u011fu o g\u00fcnleri hi\u00e7 unutmaz. Tahsin Y\u00fccel de yazar olarak bize bunu hi\u00e7 unutturmaz, Can Tezcan karakteri kapitalist (Tahsin Y\u00fccel\u2019in T\u00fcrk\u00e7esiyle anamalc\u0131) d\u00fczenin i\u00e7inde \u201ceski\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine kar\u015f\u0131t olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin ma\u015fas\u0131 ve temsilcisi olduk\u00e7a \u201ceski\u201d m\u00fccadelesini hat\u0131rlay\u0131p durur, \u201ck\u00f6\u015feye s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan bireyin dram\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015farm\u0131\u015f gibi yapar. Bilin\u00e7li olarak b\u00f6yle bir eyleme ba\u015fvuran kahraman, dram\u0131 ya\u015fayan bir \u00f6znedir ancak o buradan kendisine pay \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131n\u0131 bilir ve o y\u00f6nde hareket eder.\u201d [foot]O\u011fuz \u00d6cal, Tahsin Y\u00fccel\u201fin Roman lar\u0131nda Bireyin Dram\u0131, Ak\u00e7a\u011f Yay, Ankara 2012[\/foot]<\/p>\n
Her \u015fey \u0130stanbul\u2019u ikinci bir New York yapmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, Karadenizli M\u00fcvekkili Temel Diker\u2019in g\u00f6kdelen dikmek i\u00e7in sahip olmak istedi\u011fi araziyi sahibi Hikmet \u00d6zt\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn satmamas\u0131 ve bunu da dava yoluyla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiremedikleri i\u00e7in Can Tezcan\u2019\u0131n bu sorunu yarg\u0131y\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme fikri ortaya atarak \u00e7\u00f6zmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla ba\u015flar. Her yeri b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc g\u00f6kdelenlerle dolu olan \u0130stanbul\u2019un b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn kendisinden \u00f6nce ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan bozuldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyen Niyorklu Temel, ona \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gidi\u015fine uygun ve tutarl\u0131 yeni bir b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck vermek istedi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Niyorklu Temel\u2019in \u00fctopyas\u0131ndaki kent insana ge\u00e7mi\u015fi de gelece\u011fi de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrtmeyecek, onlar\u0131 sonsuz bir \u015fimdiki zamanda ya\u015fatacak b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckteki kenttir.[foot]Abdullah Turgut, \u201cAhmet Hamdi Tanp\u0131nar\u2019\u0131n \u201cSaatleri Ayarlama Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d \u0130le Tahsin Y\u00fccel\u2019in \u201cYalan\u201d Adl\u0131 Romanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130roni Ba\u011flam\u0131nda Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d, Yay\u0131mlanmam\u0131\u015f Bitirme Tezi[\/foot] Asl\u0131na bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Tahsin Y\u00fccel\u2019in \u201cbu insans\u0131z, zamans\u0131z, ge\u00e7mi\u015fsiz ve geleceksiz kent\u201d d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi, her sokakta bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezin mantar gibi bitti\u011fi, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n kent merkezlerinden kilometrelerce uzak getto b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015famaya itildi\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a erken bir tespittir.<\/p>\n
Eski Marksist avukat Can Tezcan yarg\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi fikrini \u00f6nce \u201cdevrim\u201d olarak nitelendirir. \u00dclkede her \u015fey \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015fken, hukuk\u00e7usundan polisine herkes \u00f6zel e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131nda yeti\u015ftiriliyorken, yarg\u0131n\u0131n hala bir devlet kurumu olarak kalmas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bir tutars\u0131zl\u0131k oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. \u201cBug\u00fcn yarg\u0131 ne \u00f6zel, ne kamusal. Daha do\u011frusu kimi zaman \u00f6zel gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor, kimi zaman kamusal. Ama daha \u00e7ok \u00f6zel. Her \u015fey y\u00f6netimin, y\u00f6netimin bile de\u011fil, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin ba\u015f\u0131ndaki adam\u0131n iki duda\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda. Yani kamusal g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc alt\u0131nda \u00f6zel, \u00f6zelden de \u00f6te, bireysel. Yani yarg\u0131n\u0131n en yoz bi\u00e7imi.\u201d[foot]Tahsin Y\u00fccel, G\u00f6kdelen, Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Bas\u0131m, Kas\u0131m 2012, S.50[\/foot] Can Tezcan bu tezini \u00e7evresindekilere anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi her defas\u0131nda da kendisini ikna etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ama hep bir karars\u0131zl\u0131k hissedilir Can Tezcan a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan. Oysa ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 fikir tutacak, yarg\u0131 \u00f6zel bir \u015firkete devredilecek, yarg\u0131y\u0131 eline alan \u015firketin kendi g\u00fcvenlik te\u015fkilat\u0131 dahi olacak, \u00f6zelle\u015fen yarg\u0131 da yine sadece sermaye sahipleri i\u00e7in i\u015fleyecektir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131ndan bile bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir, zira i\u015f alan\u0131 o kadar daralm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki i\u015fsizlik \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oranlardad\u0131r, insanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda dahi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 okula g\u00f6nderebilecek kadar kazanamamaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle Tahsin Y\u00fccel bir de \u201cy\u0131lk\u0131 adamlar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kitap boyunca alttan alta i\u015flenen bir \u201cumuttur\u201d y\u0131lk\u0131 adamlar\u0131.[foot]A.g.e., s.59[\/foot] Onlar kasabalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, yar\u0131 a\u00e7 yar\u0131 tok, yar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131plak, bir zamanlar\u0131n y\u0131lk\u0131 atlar\u0131 gibi ya\u015farlar. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 okula g\u00f6nderemez, kendileri toplama \u00e7\u0131karma \u00f6\u011fretirler. Yiyecek bir \u015feyler bulabilmek i\u00e7in do\u011faya s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131rlar ancak do\u011fa da kurumaktad\u0131r.[foot]Y\u0131lk\u0131, tabiatta serbest dola\u015fan yabani atlar\u0131 ifade eden bir t\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ift\u00e7i gibi hayvana ihtiya\u00e7 duyan fakat k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 hayvan\u0131 besleyebilecek maddi g\u00fcc\u00fc olmayan ki\u015filer bu atlar\u0131 kendi kendine yiyecek bulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011faya salar, s\u0131cak mevsimde hayvana ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funda yakalarlar. B\u00f6ylece at, seneden seneye ba\u015fka ki\u015filerin hizmetinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu nedenle bu atlar\u0131n sahibi de yoktur. Ayr\u0131ca ehlile\u015ftirilmemi\u015f anlam\u0131nda da kullan\u0131lan bir s\u00f6zc\u00fck oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. (kaynak: wikipedia) G\u00f6r\u00fclece\u011fi gibi Tahsin Y\u00fccel\u2019in \u201cY\u0131lk\u0131 Adamlar\u0131\u201dda tam olarak kentte i\u015f bulamayan ve bar\u0131namayan, bir anlamda s\u00fcrg\u00fcn,do\u011faya yiyecek bulabilmek i\u00e7in giden ve asl\u0131nda \u201cboyunduruk\u201d alt\u0131na al\u0131namam\u0131\u015f insanlar\u0131 ifade etmektedir.[\/foot] Y\u0131lk\u0131 adamlar\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda kaybedecek hi\u00e7bir \u015feyleri yoktur.<\/p>\n
Bu anlamda Tahsin Y\u00fccel siyasetin anamal\u0131n, sermaye sahiplerinin ve patronlar\u0131n g\u00fcd\u00fcm\u00fcne girmesini ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir siyasal-toplumsal ele\u015ftiri olarak sunarken ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201cy\u0131lk\u0131 adamlar\u0131\u201d ile e\u015fitsizli\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ve umudun ve m\u00fccadelenin yolunu da g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
\u201cYarg\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi\u201d fikrinin mucidi Can Tezcan, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikten sonra hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011frar ve yenildi\u011fini anlar. Ancak ironik bi\u00e7imde \u201cdo\u011frulu\u011fun pe\u015finde olduklar\u0131 ve \u00f6d\u00fcn vermedikleri\u201d i\u00e7in yenildiklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 (ve roman boyunca vicdan\u0131n temsilcisi) Sabri Serin, Can Tezcan\u2019\u0131n anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 neden ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nedenini s\u00f6yler: \u201cSiz hi\u00e7 mi hi\u00e7 g\u00fcvenilmeyecek, \u00fcstelik size olmasa da d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcze y\u00fczde y\u00fcz kar\u015f\u0131t, hatta d\u00fc\u015fman bir \u00e7evrenin a\u011f\u0131r toplar\u0131yla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yaparak daha iyi bir yarg\u0131 d\u00fczeni kurmaya kalkt\u0131n\u0131z\u201d[foot]A.g.e.,s.295[\/foot]<\/p>\n
En nihayetinde \u00f6zelle\u015fen yarg\u0131 Temel Diker\u2019e Hikmet \u00d6zt\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn g\u00fcvenlik kuvvetlerince \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi pahas\u0131na istedi\u011fi eve sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. B\u00f6ylece Niyorklu Temel\u2019in, annesi Nokta Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n y\u00fcz\u00fc suretinde \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck An\u0131t\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Sarayburnu\u2019na in\u015fa etmesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir engel kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Hikayenin sonunda tam da \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck An\u0131t\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n olaca\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnde Can Tezcan, eski arkada\u015f\u0131 ve devrim yolundan d\u00f6nmemi\u015f R\u0131za Ko\u00e7\u2019u evinde saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in e\u015fi ve yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ile birlikte yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131na ka\u00e7acaklarken kitap boyu alttan alta bilgisi verilmi\u015f \u015fehrin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na itilen y\u0131lk\u0131 adamlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fehre y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Kitap b\u00f6yle sonlan\u0131rken, y\u0131lk\u0131 adamlar\u0131n\u0131n bu \u015fehre d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn sonucunu g\u00f6stermez Y\u00fccel. Burada d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi okuyucuya b\u0131rak\u0131r, t\u00fcm kitap boyunca yarg\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi, h\u00e2kimlerin ve b\u00fct\u00fcn yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131n sermaye ile birle\u015fmesi ve asl\u0131nda bu \u015fekilde asla adaletin olamayaca\u011f\u0131 bilgisini sezdiren yazar, bundan sonras\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fccadeleyi okuyucusuna b\u0131rak\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tahsin Y\u00fccel\u2019in G\u00f6kdelen Roman\u0131\u2019na bug\u00fcnden bir bak\u0131\u015f.[foot]T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Hukukun D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dosya konusu yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bu ilk say\u0131m\u0131zda hukukun ve yarg\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bir distopya halinde, \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde dile getirdi\u011fi \u201cG\u00f6kdelen\u201d roman\u0131 hakk\u0131nda r\u00f6portaj yapmak i\u00e7in Tahsin Y\u00fccel ile ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7meye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordum ki 22.01.2016 g\u00fcn\u00fc vefat etti. B\u00f6yle olunca da \u201cG\u00f6kdelen\u201d hakk\u0131nda yazmak \u00fczere masa ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1780","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayilar-1"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1780"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1780\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}