T\u00fcrkiye’nin son y\u0131llar\u0131na damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015f davalar\u0131n yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda; adil yarg\u0131lanman\u0131n, yarg\u0131\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, avukat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, savc\u0131 tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi ve gereklili\u011fi bir kez daha ve t\u00fcm a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hukuk, her ne kadar tarihin g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi politika ile i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa da yarg\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm asli ve kurucu unsurlar\u0131yla, egemenin hukuksal-idari pratiklerinin t\u00fcredi\u011fi y\u00f6netsel alana (\u00f6zellikle de y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131na) kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli yasal \u00f6nlemler m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Hatta Anayasalar bunun i\u00e7in vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Zira Anayasa ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olan yasa \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ilkesinin, hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, su\u00e7 ve cezalardaki yasall\u0131k ilkesinin, yasal yarg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131k g\u00fcvencesinin ve ku\u015fkusuz di\u011fer temel haklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ancak yarg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Yine anayasaya g\u00f6re yarg\u0131\u00e7lar mahkemelerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yarg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131k teminat\u0131 esas\u0131na g\u00f6re g\u00f6rev yaparlar.<\/p>\n
Hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasalar ile g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yasalara kar\u015f\u0131n kullan\u0131lamamalar\u0131 halinde ise, bu g\u00fcvence yarg\u0131, yani yarg\u0131\u00e7lar, savc\u0131lar ve avukatlar olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yarg\u0131\u00e7, savc\u0131 ve avukatlar\u0131n g\u00fcvence olabilmeleri ise ku\u015fkusuz ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, tarafs\u0131z ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrce g\u00f6rev yapabilmelerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
O zaman kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kacak olan soru; \u201cYarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z, savc\u0131lar\u0131n tarafs\u0131z, avukatlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr g\u00f6rev yapabilmelerinin teminat\u0131 ne olmal\u0131d\u0131r?\u201d \u015feklinde belirir. Hukuki metinler ile bu hak ve yetkilerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir, fakat sorun tam da bu hukuki metinlerin yanl\u0131\u015f uygulanmas\u0131ndan veya y\u00fcr\u00fctme erki taraf\u0131ndan ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Savc\u0131 ve avukatlar\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131nda yapabilmelerine olanak tan\u0131yan uluslararas\u0131 ilkeler, tavsiye kararlar\u0131, i\u00e7 yasal d\u00fczenlemeler elbette mevcuttur. D\u00f6neme denk gelmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6zellikle belirtmek gerekir; Avrupa Konseyi Bakanlar Komitesi Hakimlerin Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Etkinli\u011fi ve Rol\u00fc Hakk\u0131nda \u00dcye Devletlere Y\u00f6nelik R (94) 12 Say\u0131l\u0131 Tavsiye Karar\u0131nda (1-2-b) \u201cYasama ve Y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131 hakimlerin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131 ve bunu tehlikeye sokan bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yine Tavsiye Karar\u0131nda; hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin korunmas\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l oldu\u011fu, yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n kararlar\u0131 nedeniyle temyizden ba\u015fka bir incelemeye tabi tutulamayacaklar\u0131, devletin kurumlar\u0131 ve temsilleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere, herhangi bir dava ile ilgili olan b\u00fct\u00fcn ki\u015filerin yarg\u0131c\u0131n otoritesi alt\u0131nda olaca\u011f\u0131, en \u00f6nemlisi de yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n tek ba\u015flar\u0131na veya ba\u015fka herhangi bir organ ile birlikte, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla birlik kurma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip olmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ifadeleri yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda Havana’da kabul edilen Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u201cSavc\u0131lar\u0131n Rol\u00fcne Dair \u0130lkeler\u201dde savc\u0131lar\u0131n belirtilen ilkelere uygun davranmas\u0131 halinde adil ve hakkaniyete uygun bir ceza adaletine ve vatanda\u015flar\u0131n su\u00e7lara kar\u015f\u0131 etkili bir bi\u00e7imde korunmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunacaklar\u0131 belirtilerek, savc\u0131 atamalar\u0131nda hi\u00e7 bir nedenle, hi\u00e7 kimseye ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131, buna kar\u015f\u0131 g\u00fcvencelerin g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmi\u015ftir. Ek olarak devletin savc\u0131lar\u0131n bask\u0131ya, engellemeye, yolsuz m\u00fcdahaleye, tacize, haks\u0131z olarak hukuki, cezai veya ba\u015fka bir sorumluluk iddias\u0131na maruz kalmadan g\u00f6revlerini yerine getirmelerini sa\u011flamas\u0131 bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck olarak dile getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
8. ilkeyle ise savc\u0131lar\u0131n, di\u011fer vatanda\u015flar gibi ifade, inan\u00e7, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne; \u00f6zellikle hukukla, adalet sistemiyle ve insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi ile ilgili kamusal tart\u0131\u015fmalara kat\u0131lma ve hukuka uygun faaliyetleri ve yasal \u00f6rg\u00fctlere \u00fcyelikleri nedeniyle mesleki a\u00e7\u0131dan hi\u00e7 bir dezavantajl\u0131 duruma girmeksizin yerel, ulusal veya uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlere \u00fcye olma ve toplant\u0131lar\u0131na kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131na sahip olduklar\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Evrensel Bildirisi\u2019nde yer alan hukuk \u00f6n\u00fcnde e\u015fitlik ve masumiyet karinesi ilkeleri, hukuken kurulmu\u015f ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve tarafs\u0131z bir yarg\u0131 yeri taraf\u0131ndan adil ve aleni olarak yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ile birlikte yarg\u0131laman\u0131n evrensel kaidesini olu\u015fturur. Bu anlamda, kendisine su\u00e7 isnad edilen bir kimsenin savunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcvencelere yer verildi\u011fi \u00fczere 1990 y\u0131l\u0131nda Havana’da kabul edilen Avukatlar\u0131n Rollerine Dair Temel Prensipleri\u2019nde herkese ceza muhakemesinin her a\u015famas\u0131nda haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunmak i\u00e7in kendi se\u00e7ti\u011fi bir avukat\u0131n yard\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, devlete de bu hakk\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli mekanizmalar\u0131 kurma \u00f6devi verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Havana ilkelerine g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, avukatlar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir m\u00fcdahaleyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmadan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mesleki faaliyetini yerine getirmelerini, m\u00fcvekkilleriyle serbest\u00e7e g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015febilmelerini, kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f meslek kurallar\u0131na uygun davrand\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrece g\u00f6revleri nedeniyle cezai veya idari bir tehditle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmamalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcrler.<\/p>\n
Avukatlar\u0131n Rollerine Dair Temel Prensipleri gere\u011fince; avukatlar da di\u011fer vatanda\u015flar gibi ifade, inan\u00e7, \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve toplanma \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahiptir, \u00f6zellikle hukukla, adalet sistemiyle ve insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi ve korunmas\u0131 ile ilgili kamusal tart\u0131\u015fmalara kat\u0131labilirler. T\u0131pk\u0131 meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131 gibi mesleki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara maruz kalmaks\u0131z\u0131n yerel, ulusal veya uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctler kurma veya bunlara \u00fcye olma haklar\u0131na sahiptirler.<\/p>\n
Evrensel hukuk kurallar\u0131, uluslararas\u0131 metinler ile kabul edilen ilkeler, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck\u00e7\u00fc ve demokratik h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7eren yasalar adil ve tarafs\u0131z bir bi\u00e7imde uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131n\u0131n, masumiyet karinesinin, do\u011fal yarg\u0131\u00e7l\u0131k ilkesinin, avukat ile temsil ve savunma hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve an\u0131lan ilkelerin egemen oldu\u011fu co\u011frafyalarda hukuk ihlallerinin vuku bulmayaca\u011f\u0131 muhakkak.<\/p>\n
Bizim sorunumuz ise, bu t\u00fcr hukuk ihlallerinin fazlas\u0131yla ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kendi co\u011frafyam\u0131zda yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve savc\u0131lar ile avukatlar\u0131n kendi hak ve y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini hukuka uygun \u015fekilde yerine getirmelerini temin bak\u0131m\u0131ndan neler yapabileceklerine ili\u015fkindir. Yinelemek gerekirse neler yap\u0131labilece\u011fine de\u011fil neler yapabileceklerine dairdir.<\/p>\n
Neler “yapabileceklerine” ili\u015fkin vurgunun sebebi ise “yap\u0131labileceklerin” siyasi iktidar\u0131 da kapsamas\u0131d\u0131r. Zira T\u00fcrkiye’de k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131n sahibi siyasi iktidar veya siyasi iktidar\u0131n korumas\u0131 alt\u0131nda olan sivil g\u00fc\u00e7lerdir.<\/p>\n
Yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve savc\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00e7ok gen\u00e7; Barolar ise uzun zamand\u0131r var olan kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’nin bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi de kamuya bir \u015fekilde bula\u015fan meslek \u00f6rg\u00fctlerinin giderek devlet akl\u0131n\u0131 benimseme riskidir ve bu riskin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye Barolar Birli\u011fi ve baz\u0131 barolarda ciddi \u015fekilde g\u00f6zlemlenmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiyenin son yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve savc\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc Yarg\u0131da Birlik Derne\u011fi ise daha ba\u015ftan siyasi iktidar\u0131n himayesinde kurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kendisini siyasi iktidar\u0131n yan\u0131nda ve ayn\u0131 ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda konumland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiyenin ilk yarg\u0131\u00e7 ve savc\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc YARSAV ise Bakanlar Kurulu\u2019nun Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc Hal Yasas\u0131\u2019na ayk\u0131r\u0131 olarak \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 667 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK ile kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. YARSAV, kapat\u0131lma karar\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda bir hakaret vesilesi olsun diye y\u0131llarca yarg\u0131 iktidar\u0131n\u0131 siyasi iktidarla birlikte kullanan cemaatle ili\u015fkisi olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. YARSAV’\u0131n i\u00e7inde en fazla siyasi iktidarda oldu\u011fu kadar ve Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaverlerinden orant\u0131sal olarak daha az cemaat\u00e7i var iken siyasi iktidar taraf\u0131ndan yarg\u0131 yetkisi gasbedilerek bu nedenle kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 manidar ve bir o kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr. G\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz, siyasi iktidar temsilcileri taraf\u0131ndan 12 Eyl\u00fcl 2010 referandumu \u00f6ncesinden beri a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dillendirilen YARSAV d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 cemaat d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan aridir ve bu do\u011frudan hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesinin farkl\u0131 kavran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ile ilgilidir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin son on y\u0131l\u0131nda deneyimledi\u011fimiz \u015fey devlet akl\u0131na kat\u0131lma riski hep var olan kamu kurumu niteli\u011findeki meslek kurulu\u015flar\u0131yla de\u011fil; siyasi iktidardan yana tav\u0131r alan, hatta organik olarak birlikte hareket eden sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri ile de\u011fil, t\u00fcm\u00fcyle hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerden yana, demokratik ilkeleri ve Cumhuriyet de\u011ferlerini benimsemi\u015f, laiklik ve hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkelerini i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmi\u015f ger\u00e7ekten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yarg\u0131\u00e7, savc\u0131 ve avukat \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerinin birlikte m\u00fccadelesiyle ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olunabilece\u011fidir.<\/p>\n
Bunun i\u00e7in de i\u00e7selle\u015ftirmemiz gereken ilk \u015fey; yarg\u0131\u00e7, savc\u0131 ve avukatlar\u0131n yarg\u0131n\u0131n asli ve kurucu unsurlar\u0131 olduklar\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ba\u011flamda halk\u0131ndan kopuk olmayan, iktidar hegemonyas\u0131n\u0131n bir ayg\u0131t\u0131 olarak i\u015flemeyen bir yarg\u0131n\u0131n kurucu unsurlar\u0131 da ancak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z yarg\u0131\u00e7lar, savc\u0131lar ve avukatlar olabilir. Yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131, savc\u0131lar\u0131n tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve avukatlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc; adil yarg\u0131lanma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, masumiyet karinesinin korunmas\u0131, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile yarg\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ba\u011flam\u0131nda ayn\u0131 c\u00fcmle i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye’nin son y\u0131llar\u0131na damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015f davalar\u0131n yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda; adil yarg\u0131lanman\u0131n, yarg\u0131\u00e7 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, avukat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn, savc\u0131 tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi ve gereklili\u011fi bir kez daha ve t\u00fcm a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Hukuk, her ne kadar tarihin g\u00f6stermi\u015f oldu\u011fu gibi politika ile i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7mi\u015f olsa da yarg\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm asli ve kurucu unsurlar\u0131yla, egemenin hukuksal-idari pratiklerinin t\u00fcredi\u011fi y\u00f6netsel alana (\u00f6zellikle de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayilar-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1816"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1816\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1816"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}