Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ay Bertolt Brecht\u2019in 60. \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcyd\u00fc. Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015f bir \u015fair, oyun yazar\u0131 ve kuramc\u0131 olarak \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden 60 y\u0131l sonra da yazd\u0131klar\u0131yla g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korumakta, hukuk sistemine y\u00f6nelik hakl\u0131 ele\u015ftirileri bug\u00fcn de ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki mevcut hukuk sistemi, iktidar\u0131n tekelinde bir yap-boz tahtas\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015fken, yarg\u0131n\u0131n iktidar kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 muhalefeti susturmak i\u00e7in \u201ccezaland\u0131rma\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iradesi ortadayken, mevcut sistemin \u201cadalet\u201d da\u011f\u0131tmak gibi bir kayg\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte tam da bu nedenle, Brecht\u2019in t\u00fcm ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011fi ile sitemin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini yans\u0131tan, bunlar \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren ve de\u011fi\u015fim i\u00e7in umudu diri tutan eserlerine ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ay Bertolt Brecht\u2019in 60. \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcyd\u00fc. Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015f bir \u015fair, oyun yazar\u0131 ve kuramc\u0131 olarak \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden 60 y\u0131l sonra da yazd\u0131klar\u0131yla g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korumakta, hukuk sistemine y\u00f6nelik hakl\u0131 ele\u015ftirileri bug\u00fcn de ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki mevcut hukuk sistemi, iktidar\u0131n tekelinde bir yap-boz tahtas\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015fken, yarg\u0131n\u0131n iktidar kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 muhalefeti susturmak i\u00e7in \u201ccezaland\u0131rma\u201d y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki iradesi ortadayken, mevcut sistemin \u201cadalet\u201d da\u011f\u0131tmak gibi bir kayg\u0131s\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte tam da bu nedenle, Brecht\u2019in t\u00fcm ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ili\u011fi ile sitemin \u00e7eli\u015fkilerini yans\u0131tan, bunlar \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcren ve de\u011fi\u015fim i\u00e7in umudu diri tutan eserlerine ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var.<\/p>\n
Nitekim, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Brecht\u2019in se\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u015fiirlerinden olu\u015fan \u201cHalk\u0131n Ekme\u011fi\u201d isimli \u015fiir kitab\u0131n\u0131n 1980 darbesinden sonra 1982 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bask\u0131s\u0131 mahkeme karar\u0131 ile toplat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kitab\u0131n \u00e7evirmenleri A. Kadir veA. Bezirci halk\u0131 kin ve d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa tahrik su\u00e7undan yarg\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[foot]Beraat Karar\u0131 i\u00e7in bkz. Bertolt Brecht, \u201cHalk\u0131n Ekme\u011fi\u201d, Evrensel K\u00fclt\u00fcr Kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 1997, Syf.101-106, \u00c7evirenler A.Kadir A. Bezirci[\/foot] Yine bug\u00fcn i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fumuz OHAL rejiminde Brecht oyunlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6steriminin yasaklanmas\u0131, Brecht\u2019in eserlerindeki sistem ele\u015ftirisinin g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korudu\u011funu, yazar\u0131n d\u00fcnden bug\u00fcne iktidarlar taraf\u0131ndan tehdit olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
Brecht, eserlerini d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bir ara\u00e7 olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ve yoksul halka d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201ckuru ger\u00e7ekli\u011fini\u201d anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterebilmeyi ve onu bu d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fayabilmesi i\u00e7in e\u011fitmeyi dert edinmi\u015ftir. Zira, Brecht i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli olan eserin ne kadar edebi oldu\u011fu de\u011fil, ne anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve neye hizmet etti\u011fidir. Benjamin bu ayr\u0131m\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u201cNe denirse densin bug\u00fcn Brecht, yeteneklerini ne y\u00f6nde kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kendine soran, ancak gereklili\u011fine inand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullanan, bu \u015fart yerine gelmedi\u011finde ise i\u015fi b\u0131rakan tek Alman yazar\u0131d\u0131r. \u2026 Burada edebiyat, yazar\u0131n d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme iste\u011finde olmayan, \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131ktan yana ge\u00e7mi\u015f duygular\u0131ndan bir \u015fey beklemez art\u0131k. Bilir ki tek \u015fans\u0131, d\u00fcnyay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek denen karma\u015f\u0131k s\u00fcre\u00e7te bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olabilmektir.<\/em>\u201d [foot]Walter Benjamin, \u201cBrecht\u2019i Anlamak\u201d, Metis Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2007, syf. 58, \u00c7evirenler Haluk Bar\u0131\u015fcan – G\u00fcven I\u015f\u0131sa\u011f [\/foot]<\/p>\n Brecht\u2019in amac\u0131 halka ger\u00e7e\u011fi g\u00f6stermenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, onu harekete ge\u00e7irmek ve sahip oldu\u011funu de\u011fi\u015ftirip d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn fark\u0131na varmas\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k etmektir. Nitekim, Brecht, \u201cSosyalist Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik ve Toplum\u201d isimli eserinde bunu \u015f\u00f6yle ifade etmi\u015ftir. \u201cGer\u00e7ek\u00e7i yap\u0131tlar\u0131 kavgac\u0131 yap\u0131tlar diye tan\u0131mlamam\u0131z iyi olur. Bu yap\u0131tlarda s\u00f6z ger\u00e7e\u011fe b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu yap\u0131tlar bir \u00e7eli\u015fkinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirirler ve onun s\u00f6zc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yaparlar; bu \u00e7eli\u015fki, mevcut anlay\u0131\u015flara ve davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kacak yeni g\u00fc\u00e7ler i\u00e7erir. Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7iler, ger\u00e7ek g\u00fc\u00e7leri yads\u0131yanlara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karlar.<\/em>\u201d[foot]Bertolt Brecht, Sosyalist Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik ve Toplum, G\u00fcnebakan Yay., 1976, syf. 220, \u00c7evirenler Ahmet Cemal Kayhan G\u00fcven [\/foot]<\/p>\n Bertolt Brecht Halk\u0131n Ekme\u011fi \u015fiirinde, adaleti \u201cekmek\u201d ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Brecht, adaleti ekmek ile somutla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken elle tutulur, alg\u0131lanabilir, kavranabilir hale getirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, ezilenler\/s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclenler i\u00e7in yazmaktad\u0131r ve her \u015feyden \u00f6nce okuru i\u00e7in anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n \u201cS\u00fcre\u00e7lerin nedenlerini toplumun eri\u015febilece\u011fi (etkide bulunabilece\u011fi) yerlere itmek, ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i birtutumdur.\u201d<\/em>[foot]Brecht, Sosyalist Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7ilik ve Toplum, G\u00fcnebakan Yay., 1976, syf 219, \u00c7evirenler Ahmet Cemal-Kayhan G\u00fcven[\/foot]<\/p>\n \u00dcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131na sahip olmayan ve ancak temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilecek d\u00fczeyde para kazanan i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cekmek\u201d birinci \u00f6nceliktir. Adaletin \u00f6nemini vurgulamak ad\u0131na Brecht de \u201cBilin Halk\u0131n Ekme\u011fidir Adalet\u201d diye ba\u015flar \u015fiirine.<\/p>\n Roman veya tiyatroda oldu\u011fu gibi uzun uzun \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin anlat\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan vermeyen bir edebi t\u00fcr olarak \u015fiirin ilk k\u0131tas\u0131nda Brecht \u00e7eli\u015fkiyi g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne sermektedir.<\/p>\n Bilin: Halk\u0131n ekme\u011fidir adalet. Bakars\u0131n\u0131z bol olur bu ekmek, Bakars\u0131n\u0131z k\u0131t,<\/em> \u0130\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in t\u0131pk\u0131 ekmek gibi adalet de yoktur, bozulmu\u015ftur. Bozulan ve ger\u00e7ekte olmayan adalet ho\u015fnut-suzluk, huzursuzluk sebebidir.\u0130kinci k\u0131tayla birlikte bozuk adalet \u00fcreten sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 isyan dakendini g\u00f6sterir.<\/em><\/p>\n Bozuk adalet yeter art\u0131k! Acemi ellerde yo\u011frulan, iyipi\u015firilmemi\u015f adalet yeter! Yeter kat\u0131ks\u0131z, kara kabuklu adalet! Dura dura bayatlayan adalet yeter!<\/em><\/p>\n Adalet yanl\u0131\u015f ellerde \u00fcretilmektedir, asl\u0131nda adalet da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyenlerin \u201cadalet\u201d kayg\u0131s\u0131 yoktur. Yerle\u015fik hukuk sistemi bayatlam\u0131\u015f ve yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Oysa, i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n eme\u011finin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 alabilmesi i\u00e7in adalete gereksinimi vard\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc k\u0131tayla birlikte, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme do\u011fru giden yolu d\u00f6\u015femeye ba\u015flar Brecht. Daha fazla \u201cekmek\u201d i\u00e7in, eme\u011fin hak etti\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in adalet \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bolsa insan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde ekmek,lezzetliyse, G\u00f6zler \u00f6b\u00fcr yiyeceklereyumulsa da olur. Ama her \u015fey bolla\u015fmaz ki birdenbire… Bilirsiniz, nas\u0131l bolluk do\u011fururemek: Adaletin ekme\u011fiyle beslene beslene. <\/em><\/p>\n Elbette ba\u015fta i\u015f yerinde ve \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde adalete gereksinim vard\u0131r. Ancak bununla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir adalet ihtiyac\u0131. G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n i\u00e7inde, toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin genelinde de adalet hakim olmal\u0131d\u0131r. G\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6\u011f\u00fcnden fazla gereksinim duyar insan adalete, yani \u201cekmek\u201d ten de daha \u00e7ok. Nitekim e\u011flencede dahi adaletin gereklili\u011finden dem vurur Brecht.<\/p>\n Ekmek her g\u00fcn nas\u0131l gerekliyse nas\u0131l, Adalet de gerekli her g\u00fcn, Hem o, g\u00fcnde bir\u00e7ok kez gerekli.<\/em><\/p>\n Sabahtan ak\u015fama dek, i\u015f yerinde, e\u011flencede, Hele \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken canla ba\u015fla, Kederliyken, sevin\u00e7liyken, Halk\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131 var pi\u015fkin, bol ekme\u011fe, G\u00fcnl\u00fck, has ekme\u011fine adaletin.<\/em><\/p>\n Adaletin e\u011flencede dahi kendini g\u00f6steren g\u00fcnl\u00fck has ekme\u011fi sadece hukuk sistemine de\u011fil, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen bir toplum yap\u0131s\u0131na da i\u015faret etmektedir. Son k\u0131s\u0131mla birlikte, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolunu sunmaktad\u0131r Brecht. Adaleti \u00fcretmesi gereken, sistemi de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi\/d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesi gereken halk\u0131n kendisidir.<\/p>\n Madem adaletin ekme\u011fi bu kadar \u00f6nemli, Onu kim pi\u015firmeli, dostlar, s\u00f6yleyin?<\/em> Brecht Me-ti isimli eserinde de, Marx ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftirdi\u011fi karakteri Ka-Meh\u2019ten yola \u00e7\u0131karak adalet \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini dile getirir. Hukuku yaratan\u0131n adalet olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, toplumun birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fen gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131la-mak zorunda olan hukuk sisteminin kendi i\u00e7inde \u00e7eli\u015fkili oldu\u011funu ifade eder. Brecht\u2019in de i\u015faret etti\u011fi gibi, mevcut hukuk sistemi, d\u00fczeni ve iktidar\u0131 korumaya hizmet ederken ezilenlerin bask\u0131lanmas\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k eder. \u0130ktidar\u0131n ve ezilenlerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya devam ettik\u00e7e, mevcut sistemden ezilenlere adalet da\u011f\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan sistemi de\u011fi\u015ftirme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn elimizde oldu\u011fu umudunu her daim diri tutmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz ay Bertolt Brecht\u2019in 60. \u00f6l\u00fcm y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcyd\u00fc. Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956) 20. y\u00fczy\u0131la damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015f bir \u015fair, oyun yazar\u0131 ve kuramc\u0131 olarak \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden 60 y\u0131l sonra da yazd\u0131klar\u0131yla g\u00fcncelli\u011fini korumakta, hukuk sistemine y\u00f6nelik hakl\u0131 ele\u015ftirileri bug\u00fcn de ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki mevcut hukuk sistemi, iktidar\u0131n tekelinde bir yap-boz tahtas\u0131na d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015fken, yarg\u0131n\u0131n iktidar kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 muhalefeti susturmak i\u00e7in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayilar-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/53"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1837"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1837\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n Bakars\u0131n\u0131z doyum olmaz tad\u0131na, Bakars\u0131n\u0131z berbat. Azald\u0131 m\u0131 ekmek, ba\u015flar a\u00e7l\u0131k, Bozuldu mu tad\u0131, ba\u015flarho\u015fnutsuzluk boy atmaya.<\/em><\/p>\n
\n \u00d6teki ekme\u011fi kim pi\u015firen?<\/em>
\n Adaletin ekme\u011fini de Kendisi pi\u015firmeli halk\u0131n, G\u00fcndelik ekmek gibi.<\/em>
\n Bol, pi\u015fkin, verimli.<\/em><\/p>\n