1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Milletler Cemiyeti taraf\u0131ndan imzaya a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 Beyannamesi\u2019nin ba\u015fl\u0131kta belirtilen temel ilkesi; 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Kurulu\u2019nda oybirli\u011fi ile kabul edilmesi ile birlikte, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu taraf devletler i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kas\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fc, her y\u0131l D\u00fcnya \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kutlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne (S\u00f6zle\u015fme) imza atarak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 koruma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131na girmi\u015f devletin, 2016 Kas\u0131m\u2019\u0131nda bu sorumlulu\u011funu nas\u0131l hayata ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi genel hatlar\u0131 ile ortaya konacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6zle\u015fme, ya\u015fama, geli\u015fme, korunma ve kat\u0131lma haklar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir ay\u0131r\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeksizin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00e7ocuklara e\u015fit olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ilkesini getirmi\u015f, \u00e7ocu\u011fu ilgilendiren her i\u015flemde \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6zetilmesi gereklili\u011fini temel ilke olarak benimsemi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrkiye, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019yi 20 Kas\u0131m 1989\u2019da, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ana dillerinde haberle\u015fme, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, e\u011fitim ve kendi k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinden yararlanma haklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 maddeye \u015ferh koyarak imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu \u015ferhlerin ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ruhuna ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu ortadayken, dikkatleri \u00e7eken bir di\u011fer sorun, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019yi imzalamas\u0131ndan y\u0131llar sonra, 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda, TBMM\u2019de onaylamas\u0131d\u0131r. Devletin \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyan bu gecikme, ilerleyen y\u0131llarda \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin ulusal mevzuat bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da kendini g\u00f6stermi\u015f ve \u00c7ocuk Koruma Kanunu (\u00c7KK) 2005 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girebilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7KK, korunma ihtiyac\u0131 olan veya su\u00e7a s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na, haklar\u0131n\u0131n ve esenliklerinin g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin us\u00fbl ve esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektir. Kanun, her ne kadar S\u00f6zle\u015fme ile g\u00fcvenceye kavu\u015fturulan temel ilkeleri benimsemi\u015f olsa da, maalesef uygulamaya bu y\u00f6nleriyle yans\u0131yamamaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n nas\u0131l korunacaklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok nas\u0131l yarg\u0131lanacaklar\u0131na odaklanan \u00c7KK, temel \u00e7ocuk haklar\u0131 kanunu olmaktan uzakt\u0131r. Zira \u00e7ocuklara \u00f6zg\u00fc d\u00fczenlemeler olduk\u00e7a da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k vaziyette farkl\u0131 kanunlarda yer almakta, hayati alanlara ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler ise T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu ve Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu\u2019nda kendini g\u00f6stermektedir. Yasa koyucu, yeti\u015fkinler i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen mevzuatta, \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in istisna ve muafiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmleri getirerek, \u00e7ocuk hukukunu belirleme iradesi g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n
Ya\u015fam hakk\u0131 ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri ihlal edilen; ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan; su\u00e7a s\u00fcr\u00fcklenen; i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele g\u00f6ren; \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131larak hapishanelere kapat\u0131lan; fiziksel, cinsel, duygusal, ekonomik istismara maruz kalan; su\u00e7a tan\u0131kl\u0131k eden; e\u011fitim, sa\u011fl\u0131k, bar\u0131nma gibi temel haklar\u0131ndan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n mevcut durumu bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7ocuk olman\u0131n ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi halini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n verilerine g\u00f6re, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda hakk\u0131nda dava a\u00e7\u0131lan 12\u201317 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7ocuk say\u0131s\u0131, 173.197 \u2019dir.[foot]Adli \u0130statistikler 2015, \u00c7ocuk Mahkemeleri, \u00c7ocuk N\u00fcfusunda Her 100 000 Ki\u015fideki Su\u00e7a S\u00fcr\u00fcklenen \u00c7ocuk Say\u0131s\u0131, T\u00dcRK\u0130YE (2005-2015) http:\/\/www.adlisicil.adalet. gov.tr\/istatistik_2015\/%C3%A7ocuk\/3.pdf Eri\u015fim tarihi: 28.10.2016[\/foot]T\u00dc\u0130K verilerine g\u00f6re, g\u00fcvenlik birimlerine gelen veya getirilen \u00e7ocuk say\u0131s\u0131 303 bin 213\u2019d\u00fcr. T\u00dc\u0130K Haber B\u00fclteni, Say\u0131:21544 Tarih: 02.08.2016 http:\/\/www.tuik.gov.tr\/PreHabe Bultenleri.do?id=21544 Eri\u015fim tarihi : 28.10.2016[\/foot] Son y\u0131la bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise i\u015flenen bir su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olarak ya da bir su\u00e7la ili\u015fkilendirilerek adli sisteme giren \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131ndaki ciddi art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
An\u0131lan istatistiki verilerin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ildi\u011finde, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda fark\u0131 boyutlardaki hak ihlallerinin \u00f6znesi oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n haz\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman diliminden birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse, \u00e7ocuklar, kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde TOMA bekleyen \u00f6\u011fretmensiz proje okullarda, istismar edildikten sonra nas\u0131l katledildiklerinin itiraf edildi\u011fi sabah programlar\u0131nda, avukatlar\u0131n\u0131n infaz koruma memurlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan fiziksel sald\u0131r\u0131ya u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ceza infaz kurumlar\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131karak, bizi kendi ger\u00e7eklikleri ile y\u00fczle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Yine ayn\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde yay\u0131nlanan Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi\u2019nin (A\u0130HM) \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen cinsel su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin 18.10.2016 tarihli 16143\/10 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 G.U v. T\u00fcrkiye karar\u0131 da olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. A\u0130HM, aile i\u00e7i cinsel istismar su\u00e7unun ma\u011fduru olan \u00e7ocuk ile ilgili yarg\u0131 s\u00fcrecinin ve davaya bakan mahkemenin izledi\u011fi y\u00f6ntemin Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin i\u015fkence ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muamele yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 3. ve \u00f6zel hayata sayg\u0131 hakk\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 8\u2019inci maddelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa h\u00fckmederek, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi mahk\u00fbm etmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ocu\u011fun uzman yard\u0131m\u0131ndan yararland\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131, psikolojik fakt\u00f6rlerin dikkate al\u0131nmamas\u0131, duru\u015fman\u0131n kapal\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi \u00f6nlemlere ba\u015fvurulmamas\u0131 kararda de\u011finilen hususlardand\u0131r. Bu karar, \u00e7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen cinsel su\u00e7larda yarg\u0131laman\u0131n ne kadar hassas y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmesi gerekti\u011fi ve T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu hassasiyetten ne denli uzak oldu\u011funun tespiti bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dikkate de\u011ferdir.<\/p>\n
A\u0130HM karar\u0131n\u0131n da konu edildi\u011fi cinsel istismar su\u00e7u, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin iki iptal karar\u0131 ile g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. \u0130ptal kararlar\u0131 ve yeni d\u00fczenlemenin nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi bir ba\u015fka \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n konusu olmakla birlikte, bu geli\u015fmeler, \u00e7ocuklara ili\u015fkin yasama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir y\u00f6ntem izlendi\u011fi sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Zira nitratl\u0131 g\u00fcbre imalat\u0131 ile \u00e7ocu\u011fun cinsel istismar\u0131na ili\u015fkin yasal d\u00fczenlemeleri ayn\u0131 \u201ctorbaya\u201d koymak, \u00e7ocuklara verilen de\u011ferin yeterince a\u00e7\u0131k bir g\u00f6stergesidir.[foot]24.10.2016 tarihli Ceza Muhakamesi Kanunu ile Baz\u0131 Kanunlarda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair Kanun Tasar\u0131s\u0131[\/foot]<\/p>\n
Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 Komitesi, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019de tan\u0131nan haklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan ilerle- meler hakk\u0131nda taraf devletlerin be\u015f y\u0131lda bir periyodik raporlar\u0131n\u0131 sunmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemekte ve ard\u0131ndan da sonu\u00e7 g\u00f6zlemlerini yay\u0131nlamaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in en son 15 Haziran 2012\u2019de yay\u0131nlanan de\u011ferlendirmede, Komite, \u00e7ocuklara y\u00f6nelik her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015fiddetin \u00f6nlenmesi ve ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 ulusal bir strateji geli\u015ftirmesi, \u00e7ocuk adalet sisteminde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan meslek eleman- lar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ilgilendiren vakalarda avukatlar\u0131 te\u015fvik edici tedbirler almas\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ilgilendiren soru\u015fturma ve duru\u015fmalar\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmas\u0131, tutuklu \u00e7ocuk say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltmas\u0131 gibi konularda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi uyarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gelinen noktada, Komite\u2019nin 2017 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki sonu\u00e7 g\u00f6zlemlerinde, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ya\u015fayan \u00e7ocuklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirtece\u011fi kayg\u0131y\u0131 tahmin etmek zor de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, insanl\u0131k, \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in her \u015feyin en iyisini sunma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek sesle dile getirmeye muhta\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn lay\u0131k\u0131yla yerine getirilebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n su\u00e7un ma\u011fduru olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve su\u00e7la ili\u015fkilendirilmesini \u00f6nleyebilecek politikalar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. B\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl bir erken m\u00fcdahale ve takip sistemi ile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kendilerine y\u00f6nelik hak ihlalleri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ba\u015fvuru yapabilecekleri etkili ve g\u00fcvenilir mekanizmalar\u0131n yoklu\u011fu \u00e7ok ciddi eksikliklerdir ve bir an \u00f6nce hayata ge\u00e7irilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Yasa koyucunun \u00e7ocuklara verdi\u011fi \u00f6nemin bir yans\u0131mas\u0131 olarak, korunma haklar\u0131 ile muhakeme usullerinin d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi temel bir \u00e7ocuk kanunun y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi \u00f6nemli bir anlay\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015flenen su\u00e7lara ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemelerin, de\u011fi\u015fiklik ve iptal kararlar\u0131 ile yamalanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kararl\u0131 bir duru\u015fa ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bunlarla birlikte, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n hak sahibi bireyler oldu\u011fu ger\u00e7e\u011fini fark ederek, maruz kald\u0131klar\u0131 hak ihlallerinin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda durmay\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmek, herkes i\u00e7in iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
20 Kas\u0131m D\u00fcnya \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc, t\u00fcm \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n ve esenliklerinin korundu\u011fu, y\u00fcksek menfaatlerinin g\u00f6zetildi\u011fi, yetenek, ki\u015filik ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n dikkate al\u0131narak sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde ya\u015fayabildi\u011fi, su\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n ve su\u00e7 ma\u011fduru olmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenebildi\u011fi, \u00f6zg\u00fcr, adil, bar\u0131\u015f dolu yar\u0131nlarda kutlayabilmek umuduyla…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1924 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Milletler Cemiyeti taraf\u0131ndan imzaya a\u00e7\u0131lan \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 Beyannamesi\u2019nin ba\u015fl\u0131kta belirtilen temel ilkesi; 1989 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Genel Kurulu\u2019nda oybirli\u011fi ile kabul edilmesi ile birlikte, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu taraf devletler i\u00e7in ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 hale gelmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin imzaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Kas\u0131m g\u00fcn\u00fc, her y\u0131l D\u00fcnya \u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kutlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ile Birle\u015fmi\u015f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":59,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2210","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayilar-4"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/59"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2210"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2210\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}