{"id":2248,"date":"2017-08-27T23:29:30","date_gmt":"2017-08-27T20:29:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=2248"},"modified":"2018-02-12T16:31:32","modified_gmt":"2018-02-12T13:31:32","slug":"anayasa-degisikligi-girisimi-uzerine-bazi-notlar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=2248","title":{"rendered":"Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Giri\u015fimi \u00dczerine Baz\u0131 Notlar"},"content":{"rendered":"

1) Genel G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u201cba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen tart\u0131\u015fmalardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, anayasa hukuku kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7ler birli\u011fi ile ilgili iki klasik ifade yer al\u0131r. Bu iki ifade kendi kitab\u0131mda \u015f\u00f6yle form\u00fcle edilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n

— \u201c\u00d6ncelikle yarg\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7lerden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong>, yarg\u0131 i\u015flevinin do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bir zorunluluktur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7lerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f bir yarg\u0131, zaten ayr\u0131 bir devlet i\u015flevi olarak de\u011ferlendirilemez\u201d. — \u201cg\u00fc\u00e7lerin y\u00fcr\u00fctmede toplanmas\u0131, y\u00f6netimi demokratik olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte \u015fu anda Mecliste bulunan Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00d6nerisinin \u00f6z\u00fc aktard\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu iki c\u00fcmlelerden ibarettir. Yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme g\u00fc\u00e7leri ayn\u0131 elde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yarg\u0131n\u0131n ise yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bu g\u00fcce ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 duruma getirilerek hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri koruyucu bir g\u00fcc\u00fc ve etkisi kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015fin \u00f6zeti budur. Kemal G\u00f6zler\u2019in yeni makalesine \u201cElveda Kuvvetler Ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vermesi\u201d ayn\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir de devam\u0131 var: \u201cElveda Anayasa<\/strong>\u201d[foot]Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7in bkz. Kemal G\u00d6ZLER, http:\/\/www.anayasa.gen.tr\/elveda-anayasa-v2.html[\/foot].\u00a0Frans\u0131z \u0130nsan ve Yurtta\u015f Haklar\u0131 Bildirgesi\u2019nin \u00fcnl\u00fc 16. maddesinden esinlenmi\u015f. Buna da aynen kat\u0131l\u0131yorum. Zira \u201cHaklar\u0131n g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> bir toplumda anayasa yoktur<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n

Bu tespitin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na girmek ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 ele\u015ftirilere bilimsel bir dayanak aramak anlams\u0131zd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu y\u00f6nde yap\u0131lacak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, g\u00fcndemdeki Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin siyasal ve hukuksal \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc hi\u00e7 mi hi\u00e7 etkilemez<\/strong>. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine giri\u015fenlerin taktik gere\u011fi yapacaklar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fczetmelere vesile olur<\/strong>; bu da bilimsel tepkilerin g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutuldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylemini birlikte getirir ve sonu\u00e7ta g\u00fc\u00e7lerin y\u00fcr\u00fctmede birle\u015ftirilmesi giri\u015fimine adeta demokratik bir hizmet sunulmu\u015f olur.<\/p>\n

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Biraz \u00f6nceki saptamam\u0131za illa bir dayanak aran\u0131yorsa, Say\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n s\u00f6ylemlerine bakmak yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

\u201c10A\u011fustos\u2019ta Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n halk taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmesiyle T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir d\u00f6nem fiilen bitmi\u015ftir. … parlamenter sistem, … geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmamak \u00fczere milletimiz taraf\u0131ndan bekleme odas\u0131na al\u0131nd\u0131. Bu bekleme ne zamana kadar s\u00fcrecek; ya mevcut uygulamaya anayasal zemin kazand\u0131r\u0131lana kadar ya da bunun yerine yeni bir sistem ikame edilene kadar..<\/strong>.\u201d[foot]http:\/\/odatv.com\/parlamenter-sistem-bekleme-odasina-alindi–2403151200.html[\/foot].<\/p>\n

Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 birka\u00e7 ay sonra bu s\u00f6ylemini daha da netle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir: \u201c\u0130ster kabul edilsin ister edilmesin, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin y\u00f6netim sistemi bu anlamda de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u015eimdi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bu fiil\u00ee durumun hukuk\u00ee \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin yeni bir Anayasa ile netle\u015ftirilmesi, kesinle\u015ftirilmesidir\u201d<\/strong>[foot]Kemal G\u00f6zlerin 30 Nolu dip notu: Milliyet, 14.8.2015, http:\/\/www.milliyet.com.tr\/ erdogan-turkiye-nin-yonetim\/siyaset\/ detay\/2102172\/default.htm; Cumhuriyet, 14.8.2015, http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com. tr\/haber\/siyaset\/345623\/_Turkiye_nin_ yonetim_sistemi_ ilen_degisti_.html; BBC, 15.8.2015, http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\/ haberler\/2015\/08\/150814_erdogan_sistem. S\u00f6zleri Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kendi a\u011fz\u0131ndan dinlemek i\u00e7in bkz.: https:\/\/www.youtube. com\/watch?v=YaECGxHgY0I.[\/foot].\u00a0Meslekta\u015f\u0131m\u0131z Kemal G\u00f6zler, bu s\u00f6ylemi, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz \u201canayasas\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rma\u201d s\u00fcrecinin a\u00e7\u0131k bir itiraf\u0131[foot]G\u00f6zler, s.13.[\/foot]\u00a0olarak nitelemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki AKP\u2019nin Anayasa aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, g\u00fc\u00e7ler birli\u011fine dayal\u0131 T\u00fcrk Tipi \u201cBa\u015fkanl\u0131k\u201d<\/strong> d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir uzla\u015fmaya konu olamayaca\u011f\u0131, daha bu konu\u015fmalardan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belli olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

2) Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ya da Yar\u0131 Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Kavramlar\u0131n\u0131n Yozla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

a) \u00d6nce bilgisizli\u011fe dayanan, ya da kasten anlamazl\u0131ktan gelinen bir ba\u015fka kavramdan ba\u015flayal\u0131m. \u201cParlamenter sistemde iki ba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k\u201d.<\/strong> \u0130ktidar \u00e7evrelerinde \u201c\u0130ki ba\u015fl\u0131 y\u00f6netim olur mu?\u201d gibi s\u00f6ylemlerden ge\u00e7ilmiyor. Oysa \u201ciki ba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131k\u201d Anayasa Hukuku \u00f6\u011fretisinin parlamenter sistemlerde y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zelli\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klamak \u00fczere kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 teknik bir terim. Bir yanda y\u00fcr\u00fctme i\u015flerinde yetkili olan ve Meclise kar\u015f\u0131 siyaseten sorumluluk ta\u015f\u0131yan Bakanlar Kurulu (y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131n yetkili ve sorumlu kanad\u0131). Di\u011fer yanda y\u00fcr\u00fctme alan\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca sembolik yetkilerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bulunan, ama ger\u00e7ekte yetkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Meclise kar\u015f\u0131 siyasi sorumluluk ta\u015f\u0131mayan y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131n ikinci ba\u015f\u0131: Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131. \u00d6te yandan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda devletin de ba\u015f\u0131. \u015eu halde yetkiler belli ve sorumluluklar belli. Bu anlamda iki ba\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 en iyi a\u00e7\u0131klayan Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 105. maddesine bakmak yeterlidir:<\/p>\n

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\u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n<\/strong>, Anayasa ve di\u011fer kanunlarda Ba\u015fbakan ve ilgili bakan\u0131n imzalar\u0131na gerek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na yapabilece\u011fi belirtilen i\u015flemleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn kararlar\u0131, Ba\u015fbakan ve ilgili bakanlarca imzalan\u0131r; bu kararlardan Ba\u015fbakan ve ilgili bakan sorumludur.<\/strong>\u201d<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n iki t\u00fcrl\u00fc i\u015flemi var:<\/p>\n

— Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n, Anayasa ve di\u011fer kanunlarda tek ba\u015f\u0131na yapabilece\u011fi belirtilen i\u015flemler: Bunlar daha \u00e7ok Devletin ba\u015f\u0131 s\u0131fat\u0131yla<\/strong> yetkili oldu\u011fu alan\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

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— Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n, Anayasa ve di\u011fer kanunlara g\u00f6re ancak, Ba\u015fbakan ve ilgili bakan\u0131n imzalar\u0131yla yapabilece\u011fi i\u015flemler. \u0130\u015fte bunlar da y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcl alan\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> olu\u015fturuyor. Bu alanda yetki Bakanlar Kuruluna ait oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Meclise kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olan da Bakanlar Kurulu.<\/p>\n

Bunun tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7ten gelen bir mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve demokratik bir i\u00e7eri\u011fi var. \u00d6nceleri Krallar\u0131n mutlak olarak sahip olduklar\u0131 yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkileri, b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fccadeleler sonunda halk\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi meclislere ve onun g\u00fcvenini kazanm\u0131\u015f olan h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere ge\u00e7mi\u015f. Bu iki alan g\u00f6rev olarak birbirinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f biri di\u011ferini denetleyecek e\u015fit silahlara sahip bir yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde parlamenter sistemi olu\u015fturmu\u015f. Bu m\u00fccadele 1215 Magna Carta\u2019dan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar uzanan bir zaman\u0131 kaps\u0131yor. Bizdeki ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 1876 Anayasas\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Avrupa\u2019da krall\u0131k yine var. Ama yetkileri devletin birli\u011fini temsil d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme organlar\u0131na ge\u00e7mi\u015f. Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde ise ayn\u0131 sembolik i\u015fleve sahip Cumhurba\u015fkanlar\u0131 gelmi\u015f. \u0130\u015fte cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n tarafs\u0131z stat\u00fcs\u00fc de buradan kaynaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi Meclis\u2019te g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclen Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00f6nerisi, \u00fclkemizde 150 y\u0131la yakla\u015fan bir siyasal sisteme son veriyor. Bakanlar Kurulunu kald\u0131r\u0131yor. T\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fctme yetkilerini Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na veriyor. Ola\u011fan ya da ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararname \u00e7\u0131karma yetkisi de tek ba\u015f\u0131na ona verilmi\u015f. B\u00f6ylece kendisine yasama alan\u0131na aktif m\u00fcdahale imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Meclis\u2019in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti denetleme yetkileri etkisizle\u015ftirilmi\u015f. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Meclis\u2019i diledi\u011fi zaman feshedebiliyor. Meclis\u2019in se\u00e7imlerin yenilemesine karar vermesi ise \u00fcye tam say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 3\/5 \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun karar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131. Bu durumda Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n se\u00e7imleri de birlikte yenileniyor. Yani silahlar e\u015fit de\u011fil. \u00d6te yandan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 art\u0131k tarafs\u0131z de\u011fil partili. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc konumu nedeniyle partisinin milletvekili adaylar\u0131n\u0131 da o belirliyor; b\u00f6ylece yasama organ\u0131na partisi kanal\u0131yla h\u00e2kim duruma getirilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

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b) De\u011ferli meslekta\u015f\u0131m \u0130brahim Kabo\u011flu, son yaz\u0131lar\u0131ndan birine \u201cParlamentarizm Kalk\u0131yor, Ama Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k gelmiyor.\u201d<\/strong> diye ba\u015fl\u0131k atm\u0131\u015f. \u00c7ok do\u011fru. Ama daha da do\u011frusunu ararsak, i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z siyasal g\u00fcndemde parlamenter sistem zaten fiilen ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/strong> AKP\u2019nin hedefi ise hi\u00e7bir zaman anayasa hukuku \u00f6\u011fretisinin anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlamda bir ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ya da yar\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Sonu\u00e7ta benzeri olmayan, Say\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fili\u011fine \u00f6zg\u00fc bir y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi anayasalla\u015fmak \u00fczere. Ama bunun yerine Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00d6nerisinde ger\u00e7ekten ABD\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k modeli<\/strong> getirilmi\u015f olsayd\u0131, sonu\u00e7 \u00e7ok mu farkl\u0131 olurdu? Bence fazla bir \u015fey de\u011fi\u015fmezdi. Anayasa\u2019daki parlamenter sistemi neye benzettilerse, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k da aynen onun ak\u0131betine u\u011frard\u0131. Sebebi gayet basit: \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm ele\u015ftirilen yanlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemini ABD\u2019de demokratik bir model olarak ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131lan ko\u015fullar bizde bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n

— Bir kere bizde siyasal iktidar\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi anlam\u0131na gelen federatif yap\u0131 yok, tam kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u00fcniter bir devlet yap\u0131s\u0131 var. Ama bu \u00fcniter yap\u0131, Sevr antla\u015fmas\u0131yla par\u00e7a par\u00e7a edilmi\u015f \u00fclke ve ulus b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden kurman\u0131n zorunlu bir yolu olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015f. Onlar\u0131n federatif yap\u0131s\u0131 ise \u0130ngiliz tahakk\u00fcm\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015fen eyaletlerden kaynaklan\u0131yor. Yani iki ayr\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7.<\/strong> \u0130kisi de kendi i\u00e7inde tutarl\u0131 ve hakl\u0131.<\/p>\n

— Demokratik siyasal ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez unsurlar\u0131 olarak benimsenen siyasal partiler, ABD\u2019den farkl\u0131 olarak ideolojik bir temele ve bunun gerektirdi\u011fi parti disiplinine sahip.<\/p>\n

— Parti disiplininin lider sultas\u0131na kaymas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecek olan parti i\u00e7i demokrasi g\u00fcya anayasal bir ilke; ama fiilen yok<\/strong>; Siyasi Partiler Kanunu\u2019nda t\u00fcm ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131yla d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bulunan \u00f6nse\u00e7imi uygulamak partilerin takdirine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u00d6nse\u00e7im olmay\u0131nca milletvekili adaylar\u0131, parti lideri ve \u00e7evresince belirleniyor.<\/p>\n

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— Se\u00e7im sistemimiz, y\u00fcksek barajl\u0131 bir nispi temsil; partiye kim h\u00e2kimse adaylar\u0131 da o belirliyor. Bu da lidere ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 milletvekilleri blokunu \u00fcretiyor ve g\u00fc\u00e7ler kayna\u015f\u0131m\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00d6nerisi bu durumu daha da koyula\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n

— Meclis tek yap\u0131l\u0131. Kendisine ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 milletvekilleriyle Meclise h\u00e2kim olan lider, yasama \u2013 y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye de b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle h\u00e2kim oluyor.<\/p>\n

— Buna ek olarak yarg\u0131n\u0131n demokratik me\u015fruiyetini sa\u011fl\u0131yoruz aldatmacas\u0131yla 12 Eyl\u00fcl 2010 Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi sonunda yarg\u0131 da y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin tam etkisine al\u0131nd\u0131 ve o zamanki koalisyon orta\u011f\u0131 olan FET\u00d6\u2019ya teslim edildi. \u015eimdi ise HSYK\u2019n\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131, yarg\u0131y\u0131 FET\u00d6\u2019den temizleme ad\u0131na daha da siyasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor, Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00f6nerisine g\u00f6re, yar\u0131s\u0131 do\u011frudan cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nca se\u00e7ilecek. Di\u011fer yar\u0131s\u0131 ise Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 ile meclis \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu neredeyse \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015ftiren yeni yap\u0131s\u0131yla TBMM taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilecek. Yarg\u0131n\u0131n kendi mensuplar\u0131nca y\u00f6netilmesi ise tarihe kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

— Uzla\u015fma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc desen hi\u00e7 yok. Daha \u00f6nce tarafs\u0131z bir cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00fczerinde bile uzla\u015famayan, anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinde ya da yeni anayasa yapma iddialar\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir uzla\u015fma aramayan dayatmac\u0131 bir siyasal yap\u0131da uzla\u015fma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden s\u00f6z etmek zaten abesle i\u015ftigal olurdu.<\/p>\n

— Ba\u015fkanl\u0131ksistemikat\u0131birg\u00fc\u00e7lerayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor. Say\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z ise g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7i. Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00f6nerisi de g\u00fc\u00e7lerin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131nda toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 hedefliyor.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi \u00fclkenin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu ko\u015fullar bu denli farkl\u0131 iken, ABD modeli bir ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sisteminden s\u00f6z etmek, zaten milleti kand\u0131rmak olurdu. Nitekim AKP\u2019nin ilk \u00f6nerisinde \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019ye \u00f6zg\u00fc\u201d, bir ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sisteminden s\u00f6z ediliyordu. \u015eimdi ise \u201cCumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistemi\u201d gibi yapay bir terim se\u00e7ilmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

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Bu nedenle ger\u00e7ek aran\u0131yorsa, anayasa \u00f6\u011fretisinin ortak terimleri olan parlamenter, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ya da yar\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131k terimlerini T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki g\u00fcncel geli\u015fmelerle ilgili olarak kullanmaktan vazge\u00e7mek gerekir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu terimler T\u00fcrkiye ba\u011flam\u0131nda \u00f6z anlamlar\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi gibi, siyasal iktidarca sab\u0131rla ve kararl\u0131l\u0131kla kurgulanan yeni bir T\u00fcrkiye d\u00fczenini maskelemekten<\/strong> ba\u015fka bir i\u015fe yaramad\u0131.<\/p>\n

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T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki g\u00fcncel geli\u015fmeleri kar\u015f\u0131layacak bir terim aran\u0131yorsa, asl\u0131nda ger\u00e7e\u011fi en uygun olan\u0131 \u201cReislik Sistemi\u201d<\/strong> olmal\u0131. \u0130\u015fin i\u00e7inde bir de kendisine \u201cBa\u015fbu\u011f\u201d<\/strong> denilmesinden ho\u015flanan biri daha var. Ama o belirleyici olmay\u0131p yaln\u0131zca bir destek hizmeti sundu\u011fu i\u00e7in yeni sisteme ad\u0131n\u0131 veremez.<\/p>\n

3) Anayasa Tarihimize Sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015eimdi bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 parlamento tarihimizle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131ral\u0131m. Birinci TBMM t\u00fcm g\u00fc\u00e7leri kendinde toplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ama buradaki g\u00fc\u00e7ler birli\u011fi, i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki bir \u00fclkenin kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinin zorunlu k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imiydi. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda \u00e7ok \u015feyini kaybetmi\u015f bezgin bir halk\u0131, bu kez bir kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in seferber etmek, yeni bir \u00f6l\u00fcm- kal\u0131m m\u00fccadelesi i\u00e7ine \u00e7ekmek, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in deyimi ile \u201c\u00fclkeden \u00f6nce halk\u0131 kazanmak\u201d<\/strong>la m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fc. Bunun i\u00e7in de ulusal kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 halka mal etmek ve hareketin \u00f6nderli\u011fine se\u00e7imle<\/p>\n

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gelmek gerekiyordu. Ancak Birinci TBMM, sava\u015f\u0131n en yo\u011fun d\u00f6neminde bile Mustafa Kemal\u2019in istedi\u011fi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkileri, \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k s\u00fcrelere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak verdi ve yo\u011fun bir denetim \u00e7emberi i\u00e7ine ald\u0131. 1924 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yapan \u0130kinci TBMM ise, Mustafa Kemal\u2019in tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaz otoritesine ra\u011fmen, o zamanki Anayasa Komisyonunun Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nerdi\u011fi \u00fcst\u00fcn yetkilerin hi\u00e7birini kabul etmedi:<\/p>\n

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\u2022 Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na TBMM\u2019ni fesih yetkisini vermedi<\/strong>;
\n\u2022 yasalar\u0131 geri \u00e7evirme yetkisinin ancak nitelikli \u00e7o\u011funlukla<\/strong> a\u015f\u0131labilmesine izin vermedi;
\n\u2022 h\u00fck\u00fcmetin tutaca\u011f\u0131 yolu\u00a0meclise bildirmesini yeterli g\u00f6rmedi g\u00fcvenoyunda \u0131srar<\/strong> etti.<\/p>\n

2. TBMM milletvekillerinin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu diren\u00e7, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn, parti disiplini ile lidere ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 milletvekilleri i\u00e7in ders al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken bir \u00f6rnektir. Mustafa Kemal\u2019in, Meclis\u2019in g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi direnci, liderli\u011fine ve kurmak istedi\u011fi rejime bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f olarak de\u011ferlendirmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 ise, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn siyasal liderlerinin tarihimizden \u00f6\u011frenebilecekleri bir demokrasi dersidir.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdiki Anayasa \u00d6nerisi ise demokrasi tarihimizle alay edercesine Bakanlar Kurulunu ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131p t\u00fcm y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na ba\u011flarken, yasamay\u0131 da onun vesayetine veriyor.<\/p>\n

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Oysa 2. Me\u015frutiyetin Meclisi Mebusan\u2019\u0131 bile o zamanki Anayasa\u2019da yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, yani 1909 Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden \u00f6nce, padi\u015fah\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmetini g\u00fcvenoyu istemeye zorlam\u0131\u015f, hatta siyasal sorumlulu\u011fu fiilen harekete ge\u00e7irerek h\u00fck\u00fcmet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyi ba\u015farm\u0131\u015f bir meclisti.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi g\u00f6revde bulunan TBMM \u00fcyeleri, Padi\u015fahtan kopar\u0131lan, ama Mustafa Kemale bile verilmeyen yetkileri Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na verirlerse, parlamento tarihimize Meclisi Mebusan \u00fcyeleri ile Birinci ve \u0130kinci TBMM \u00fcyelerine b\u00fcy\u00fck sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f olurlar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye, tarihsel birikimi ve deneyimiyle bunu hak etmiyor.<\/p>\n

Bu ger\u00e7ek bir yana, Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan denetimi zaten s\u0131f\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bulunan KHK\u2019ler d\u00fczeni<\/strong> alt\u0131nda yap\u0131lacak bir Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi anayasas\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131ranlar\u0131n kendilerini bu yoldan me\u015fru k\u0131lma<\/strong> aray\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir anlam ve i\u015fleve sahip olamayacak.<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi, OHAL KHK\u2019lerle ilgili yeni karar\u0131nda bu alanda hi\u00e7bir denetim yetkisine sahip olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na karar vermi\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece ge\u00e7ici bir y\u00f6netim olan OHAL\u2019e kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bireysel ba\u015fvurular da bu mant\u0131kla uygulan\u0131rsa, A\u0130HM\u2019nin Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019ni devreden \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale gelecektir.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu tablo, gen\u00e7 meslekta\u015f\u0131m\u0131z Tolga \u015eirin\u2019in deyimiyle KHK\u2019den \u201cAnayasa H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u201d<\/strong>ye ge\u00e7i\u015f heves ve e\u011filiminin bir yans\u0131tmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

4) 12 Eyl\u00fclle Hesapla\u015fma Masal\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir de \u00f6zellikle 2010 Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan bir \u00e7arp\u0131tma var: \u201c12 Eyl\u00fcl ile hesapla\u015fma\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu s\u00f6ylem, \u201cYETMEZ AMA EVET\u201d\u00e7ilerin de ana slogan\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. \u015eimdiki de\u011fi\u015fiklikte de benzer \u015feyler s\u00f6yleniyor. Oysa bug\u00fcnk\u00fc OHAL KHK\u2019ler D\u00fczenine Anayasa Mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan \u201cdenetimsiz alan \u015femsiyesi\u201d, 12 Eyl\u00fcl ruhunun en karakteristik yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetler i\u00e7in anayasada \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen g\u00fcvencelere ayk\u0131r\u0131 tedbirler alabilme\u201d<\/strong> (AY m.15\/1) ve \u201cOHAL KHK\u2019lerin yarg\u0131sal denetime kapal\u0131 olmas\u0131 (AY m.148\/1 c\u00fcmle 3) gibi d\u00fczenlemeler, 1982 Anayasas\u0131\u2019ndan \u00f6nceki anayasalar\u0131n hi\u00e7birinde yer almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131 titizlikle koruyan ve 15 Temmuz darbe giri\u015fiminden sonra kurulan OHAL KHK d\u00fczenini bu maddelere dayand\u0131ranlar\u0131n, 12 Eyl\u00fclle hesapla\u015fmaktan s\u00f6z etmeye haklar\u0131 yoktur.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Sonu\u00e7<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Anayasa De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi giri\u015fimi AKP lideri i\u00e7in dikilmi\u015f bir elbisedir. \u201cUlusun Anayasas\u0131 \u201cdiyebilece\u011fimiz kal\u0131c\u0131 bir nitelik kazanamaz.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Ulusun Anayasas\u0131, ancak barajs\u0131z bir se\u00e7imle ulusu tam olarak temsil edecek bir kurucu meclis eliyle haz\u0131rlan\u0131rsa, bu s\u0131fata hak kazanabilir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Demokratik yelpazede b\u00f6yle bir Kurucu Meclis\u2019in kurulmas\u0131na en uzak ortam, Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin yard\u0131m\u0131yla OHAL KHK\u2019lerine kal\u0131c\u0131 bir etkinin sa\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ortamd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1) Genel G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u201cba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen tart\u0131\u015fmalardan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, anayasa hukuku kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda g\u00fc\u00e7ler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7ler birli\u011fi ile ilgili iki klasik ifade yer al\u0131r. Bu iki ifade kendi kitab\u0131mda \u015f\u00f6yle form\u00fcle edilmi\u015ftir: — \u201c\u00d6ncelikle yarg\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7lerden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131, yarg\u0131 i\u015flevinin do\u011fas\u0131ndan kaynaklanan bir zorunluluktur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc di\u011fer g\u00fc\u00e7lerden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanmam\u0131\u015f bir yarg\u0131, zaten […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":69,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayilar-5"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/69"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2248"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2248\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}