\nAnayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi teklifinin gerek\u00e7esinde,istikrar en \u00f6nemli hedef olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Bu tespit, devletle toplum aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi daha da bozmaktad\u0131r. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren TBMM\u2019de \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun olu\u015fumunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun ya\u015fanmamas\u0131, siyasal sistemin y\u00f6netilebilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7lamas\u0131n\u0131 anlams\u0131z k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Meclisteki disiplinli ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir \u00e7o\u011funluk, h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, muhalefetin deste\u011fine ihtiya\u00e7 duymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmet ve parti y\u00f6netimi tek bir ki\u015fide toplanm\u0131\u015f, TBMM ise h\u00fck\u00fcmet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda kurumsal a\u00e7\u0131dan zay\u0131f kalm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir kuvvet merkezi olarak kendisini g\u00f6sterememi\u015ftir. \u00d6zellikle ileti\u015fim ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011finin anlam\u0131n\u0131 yitirdi\u011fi b\u00f6yle bir ortamda, h\u00fck\u00fcmet bi\u00e7imine odakl\u0131 bu de\u011fi\u015fiklik teklifinin, Anayasan\u0131n sistemati\u011fi ve i\u00e7eri\u011fi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan sorgulanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
1. Anayasal Usul \u00a0ve B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011fe Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar<\/span><\/p>\n Teklifle \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen h\u00fck\u00fcmler, kendi i\u00e7erisinde anayasal usul bak\u0131m\u0131ndan tutars\u0131zl\u0131k ve ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckteki Anayasa normlar\u0131yla bir anlam b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktan da uzakt\u0131r.Yaln\u0131zca bu kadar\u0131yla bile bu Teklif, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin huku ksistemi ve anayasal geleneklerine b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar verecektir.<\/p>\n Anayasal usule ili\u015fkin ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k ve karma\u015faya \u015fu \u00f6rnekler verilebilir;<\/p>\n a. Teklifin sadece bir maddesiyle (md. 19), Anayasan\u0131n toplam 58 maddesinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u201cTorba anayasa\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131labilecek bu y\u00f6ntem, hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fine(Anayasa md. 2), Anayasan\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na (AY md. 11) ve Anayasan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi hakk\u0131ndaki tekliflerin Genel Kurulda iki defa g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi gere\u011fine (AY md.175) ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n b. Anayasan\u0131n 77. maddesinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik \u00f6ng\u00f6ren Teklif, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imi usul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin 101. maddeye at\u0131f yap\u0131yor. Oysa bu usul, mevcut Anayasan\u0131n 102. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmekte. Anayasan\u0131n 102. maddesi ise Teklifin 19. maddesinin e bendi ile y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmak isteniyor. Bu durumda, se\u00e7im usul\u00fcn\u00fcn son \u015feklini anlayabilmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 ayr\u0131 maddedeki d\u00fczenlemeyi birlikte de\u011ferlendirmek gerekiyor. Bu karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczenleme y\u00f6ntemi, bu metnin milletvekilleri ve halk taraf\u0131ndan do\u011fru de\u011ferlendirilmesinde b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklar do\u011furacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Anayasan\u0131n sistematik b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc bozacak h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ise \u015fu \u00f6rnekler verilebilir;<\/p>\n a. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler, Anayasan\u0131n III. K\u0131s\u0131m 2. B\u00f6l\u00fcmde y\u00fcr\u00fctme ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n teklifte, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n se\u00e7im d\u00f6nemine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlere yasaman\u0131n d\u00fczenlendi\u011fi 1. B\u00f6l\u00fcmde yer veriliyor (AY md. 77 \/ Teklif md. 4).<\/p>\n b. Anayasa hukukumuzda milletvekilli\u011finin \u201cd\u00fc\u015fmesi\u201d hali d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda (AY md. 84), \u201cd\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi\u201d \u015feklinde ayr\u0131 bir kurum yer almamaktad\u0131r (Teklif md. 5).<\/p>\n c. Anayasan\u0131n 101. maddesinde, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayan \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilenin, varsa partisi ile ili\u015fi\u011fi kesilir\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc madde metni d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131rken, 103. maddede yer alan yemin metninde ayn\u0131 amaca y\u00f6nelik \u201c\u00fczerime ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00f6revi tarafs\u0131zl\u0131kla yerine getirmek i\u00e7in b\u00fct\u00fcn g\u00fcc\u00fcmle \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131ma\u201d ibaresi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumaktad\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde partisiyle ili\u015fkisi s\u00fcren Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131, Anayasan\u0131n 104. maddesine g\u00f6re \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyetinin ve T\u00fcrk Milletinin birli\u011fini temsil\u201d edecektir. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 bile b\u00f6yle bir g\u00f6rev \u00fcstlenmemi\u015ftir (ABD Anayasas\u0131 md. 2). Partili bir ba\u015fkan\u0131n b\u00f6yle bir i\u015flev yerine getirmesi de beklenemez.<\/p>\n 2. Demokratik Cumhuriyete Ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131klar<\/span><\/p>\n Demokratik devletler aras\u0131nda parlamenter sistemden ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemine ge\u00e7en bir \u00f6rne\u011fe rastlam\u0131yoruz. Zira ABD\u2019de var olan kuvvetli liberal i\u00e7 dinamiklerin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda ba\u015fkanl\u0131k rejiminin taklit edilmesi, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k rejimiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok zor siyasal rejimleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr siyasi uygulamalar\u0131n vard\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7 askeri ya da sivil oligar\u015fik iktidarlar\u0131n diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n ABD\u2019deki h\u00fck\u00fcmet sistemi, \u201cpayla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kuvvetlerin ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kurumlar\u0131\u201d olarak ifade edilebilir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k Teklifle getirilmek istenen d\u00fczenlemeler incelendi\u011finde, yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme aras\u0131ndaki \u201cayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, belli Devlet yetki ve g\u00f6revlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 meden\u00ee bir i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ve i\u015fbirli\u011fi\u201d \u00f6ng\u00f6rmedi\u011fi net bi\u00e7imde anla\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r (Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 prg. 4). Parlamentoyu zay\u0131flat\u0131p, y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in bu teklif, \u201cBa\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta belirtilen temel ilkelere dayanan, demokratik devlet\u201d ile de ba\u011fda\u015fmayacakt\u0131r (AY md. 2).<\/p>\n Hatta b\u00fct\u00fcn vatanda\u015flar\u0131n devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 makam\u0131na aday olabilmesini engelleyecek bi\u00e7imde Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ilme yeterlili\u011fi i\u00e7in \u201cdo\u011fu\u015ftan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015f\u0131 olma\u201d ko\u015fulunun aranacak olmas\u0131, dar anlamda Cumhuriyetin gereklerini bile kar\u015f\u0131lamayacakt\u0131r (AY md. 1, 2 ve 66, Teklif md. 8).<\/p>\n a. Parlamentonun Zay\u0131flat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/em><\/p>\n Teklifte bu do\u011frultuda yer verilen d\u00fczenlemeler \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralanabilir;<\/p>\n – TBMM\u2019nin, Bakanlar Kurulunu denetleme ve KHK \u00e7\u0131karma<\/p>\n yetkisi verme yetkileri kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor (AY md. 87, 98 ve 91, Teklif md. 6 ve 7).<\/p>\n – Bu ba\u011flamda bilgi edinme ve denetleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlan\u0131yor. S\u00f6zl\u00fc soru ve meclis soru\u015fturmas\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor (AY md. 98, Teklif md. 7).Oysa parlamento gerekli g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131, parlamenterlerden gelecek sorular\u0131 yan\u0131tlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde yasama b\u00fcy\u00fck darbe alacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n – Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 ve bakanlar\u0131n meclis soru\u015fturmas\u0131 sonucu Y\u00fcce Divana sevk edilebilmesi i\u00e7in gereken \u00e7o\u011funluk TBMM \u00fcye tamsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fundan 2\/3 \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durumda, TBMM \u00fcyesi ve siyasi sorumlulu\u011fu olmayacak bakanlar\u0131n g\u00f6revleriyle ilgili su\u00e7lar\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ceza sorumluluklar\u0131na gidilebilmesini, meclis \u00fcyesi ve siyasi sorumlulu\u011fu olan bakanlara g\u00f6re orant\u0131s\u0131z bi\u00e7imde zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dcst\u00fcne \u00fcstl\u00fck bir de ayn\u0131 ki\u015filer ki\u015fisel su\u00e7lar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yasama dokunulmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararlanabileceklerdir (Anayasa 100, Teklif md. 11).<\/p>\n – Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fledi\u011fi iddia edilen su\u00e7lardan Y\u00fcce Divanda yarg\u0131lanabilmesi i\u00e7in TBMM \u00fcye tamsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 2\/3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn oyu aranacakt\u0131r (Teklif md. 10). B\u00f6yle bir kurumun i\u015flemeyece\u011fini, tarihsel \u00f6rnekler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir (Weimar Anayasas\u0131 md. 59).<\/p>\n – Teklifle \u00e7e\u015fitli partilerden ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z milletvekillerinden olu\u015fan 20 milletvekilinin cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na aday g\u00f6sterebilmesi \u00f6nleniyor. Parlamento i\u00e7inden bu yetki sadece parti gruplar\u0131na tan\u0131n\u0131yor (AY md. 101, Teklif md. 8).<\/p>\n – Hakim parti siteminin \u00f6zellikleriyle birlikte de\u011ferlendirildi\u011finde yasama se\u00e7imlerinin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k se\u00e7imleriyle birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131, yasama-y\u00fcr\u00fctme \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun ayn\u0131 partiye ge\u00e7mesi konusunda ciddi bir etki yaratacakt\u0131r (Teklif md. 4).<\/p>\n – Meclisin kendi se\u00e7imlerini yenilemesi i\u00e7in \u015fu an basit \u00e7o\u011funluk yeterliyken, Teklifle bu karar\u0131 alabilmesi i\u00e7in TBMM \u00fcye tamsay\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 3\/5\u2019i gibi nitelikli bir \u00e7o\u011funluk aranacakt\u0131r (AY md. 77, Teklif md. 12). Ancak bu kararla birlikte Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imleri de yenilenecektir.<\/p>\n b. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n G\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/em><\/p>\n Kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesi \u00f6zellikle cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n yetkileri art\u0131r\u0131larak \u00f6rselenmektedir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki;<\/p>\n – Y\u00fcr\u00fctmenin t\u00fcm yetkileri tek ki\u015fide toplan\u0131yor. (AY md. 8 ve 104, Teklif md. 9 vd.)<\/p>\n – Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerini \u201cAnayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde g\u00f6sterilen \u015fartlara uyarak\u201d yerine getirme \u015fart\u0131 kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131yor (AY md. 104, Teklif md. 9).<\/p>\n – Bir yandan Teklifle Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verme yetkisi tan\u0131n\u0131rken (md. 9), \u00f6te yandan Anayasada sava\u015f hali il\u00e2n\u0131na ve T\u00fcrk Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerinin yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelere g\u00f6nderilmesine veya yabanc\u0131 silahl\u0131 kuvvetlerin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunmas\u0131na izin verme yetkisinin T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisine ait oldu\u011funa dair h\u00fck\u00fcm varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir (AY md. 92). Yukar\u0131da belirtilen Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev ve yetkilerini \u201cAnayasan\u0131n ilgili maddelerinde g\u00f6sterilen \u015fartlara uyarak\u201d yerine getirme \u015fart\u0131 da kald\u0131r\u0131l\u0131nca, bu iki d\u00fczenlemenin birbiriyle uyumlu yorumlanmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131r. Anayasan\u0131n b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilkesi ihlal edilmektedir.<\/p>\n – Tarafs\u0131z ve partiler \u00fcst\u00fc hakem konumu kalkan Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n, \u201cDevlet organlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenli ve uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131\u201d temin etme yetkisinin s\u00fcrmesinin de bir mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 kalmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Siyasi yetkiler kullanan iki organdan biri haline gelen Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n, di\u011fer organ\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde, kendisiyle d\u00fczenli ve uyumlu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama gibi bir iktidar\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemez. Yaln\u0131zca bu d\u00fczenleme bile erkler aras\u0131ndaki denge ve kontrol\u00fcn hi\u00e7 \u00f6nemsenmedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir (AY md. 104, Teklif md. 9).<\/p>\n – Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 ve bakanlar ile \u00fcst d\u00fczey kamu y\u00f6neticilerini tek ba\u015f\u0131na atama yetkisinin tan\u0131nmas\u0131, ABD’den tamamen farkl\u0131 olarak, ba\u015fkana dayal\u0131 bir y\u00f6netimi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r ( Teklif md. 9 ve 14). ABD\u2019deki h\u00fck\u00fcmet sisteminde ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kurumlar birlikte devlet y\u00f6netimine kat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmet sisteminde bug\u00fcn \u00f6nleyici unsur kuvvetlerin yasama ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme olarak ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 de\u011fil, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k b\u00fcrokrasisi, \u00e7ok say\u0131daki komitesiyle Kongre ve nihayet yarg\u0131 \u015feklindeki \u00e7ok say\u0131da siyasal akt\u00f6r\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Kongre \u00f6nemli idari g\u00f6revlilerin atanmas\u0131na da etki etmektedir. Bu \u00f6zelliklerin olmamas\u0131, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sisteminden t\u00fcm\u00fcyle sapma anlam\u0131na gelecektir.<\/p>\n – Temel hak s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan kanunla d\u00fczenlenebilecek t\u00fcm konularda, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilecektir. Ayr\u0131ca Anayasada temel hak s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Teklifte belirtilenin aksine \u201cm\u00fcnhas\u0131ran kanunla d\u00fczenlenmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen\u201d ba\u015fka bir konu da yer almamaktad\u0131r. Teklifte kararname \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilen \u201cKanunla a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenen konular\u201d ile \u201ckanunlarda farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler bulunmas\u0131 hali\u201d ise iki organ aras\u0131 yetki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye hi\u00e7 uygun olmayan mu\u011flak ifadelerdir. Cumhurba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n kanun g\u00fcc\u00fcnde kararname yetkilerini k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanarak yasama yerine ge\u00e7meye karar verdikleri hallerde, kuvvetler ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bi\u00e7imde g\u00fc\u00e7 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede kendi \u00fczerlerinde yo\u011funla\u015facakt\u0131r.Siyaset biliminde bu t\u00fcr sistemler, \u201chavaleci (delegasyoncu) demokrasiler\u201d olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Yasama organ\u0131n\u0131n bu t\u00fcr kararnameleri reddetme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn olmamas\u0131, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n yasamay\u0131 bir kenara itmesi ve yasama yetkisini eline ge\u00e7irmesi anlam\u0131na gelecektir. Bu durumda rejimin otoriter bir tek ki\u015filik iktidara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olmaktad\u0131r. ABD \u00f6rne\u011finde olmayan bu t\u00fcr kanun g\u00fcc\u00fcnde kararname yetkisine ancak Latin Amerika ve Afrika Anayasalar\u0131nda rastlanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n – \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na yapaca\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemler ile Y\u00fcksek Asker\u00ee \u015e\u00fbran\u0131n kararlar\u0131 yarg\u0131 denetimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7eren ve hukuk devletiyle \u00e7eli\u015fen Anayasan\u0131n 125\/2. maddesinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesine ra\u011fmen, \u00f6zellikle yasama i\u015flemi niteli\u011findeki cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamelerinin denetimi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kabilecek belirsizlik, TBMM\u2019yi cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullanabilece\u011fi kararnameler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda hukuksal korumadan yoksun b\u0131rakabilecektir.<\/p>\n – Teklif \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc fesih mekanizmas\u0131yla ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sisteminin \u00f6z\u00fcnden ve temel mant\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan uzakla\u015farak, onun i\u00e7erdi\u011fig\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u201cfrenler ve dengeler\u201d sistemiyle ba\u011fda\u015fmayan, iktidar\u0131n bir merkezde a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilecek bir sistem kurmaktad\u0131r. Zira fesih \/ se\u00e7imleri yenileme mekanizmas\u0131 tamamen parlamenter sistemlere \u00f6zg\u00fc bir mekanizmad\u0131r. ABD \u00f6rne\u011finde yoktur. Yasamay\u0131 fesih yetkisine ba\u015fkanlar ancak Zimbabwe gibi birka\u00e7 Afrika \u00fclkesinde bulunmakta ve bu yetkiyle iktidarlar ki\u015fiselle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. B\u00f6ylelikle denetlenemeyen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015f bir hiper – ba\u015fkanl\u0131k yap\u0131s\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim bu yetki, devlet ba\u015fkan\u0131na, kendi siyasi ajandas\u0131 ile uyu\u015fmayan parlamento \u00e7o\u011funluklar\u0131n\u0131 her an ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilecek bir fesih tehdidi ile engelleme f\u0131rsat\u0131 verecektir.<\/p>\n – Teklifte yer alan \u201cCumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ikinci d\u00f6neminde Meclis taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7imlerin yenilenmesine karar verilmesi halinde Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 bir defa daha aday olabilir.\u201d h\u00fckm\u00fc uyar\u0131nca ikinci kez se\u00e7ilen bir cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresini tamamlamak \u00fczereyken erken se\u00e7im karar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131rsa yeniden aday olabilecek ve bir kez daha se\u00e7ilirse, g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresi kendili\u011finden 15 y\u0131la \u00e7\u0131kabilecek ( Teklif md. 12). Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresini iki d\u00f6nemle s\u0131n\u0131rlayan Anayasa maddesiyle \u00e7eli\u015fece\u011fi gibi meclis \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fuyla ayn\u0131 partiden olan cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresini de belirsiz hale getirir.<\/p>\n Yukar\u0131da ana hatlar\u0131yla de\u011finilen bu Teklifle, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sisteminin yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imi olan patronlu bir hiper ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi kurgulanmaktad\u0131r. Bu kurgunun temel amac\u0131, yasama ve yarg\u0131 organlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 bir alana indirgeyerek, iktidar\u0131 kontrol ve denge ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndan ar\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olarak cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na b\u0131rakmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi teklifinin gerek\u00e7esinde,istikrar en \u00f6nemli hedef olarak g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Bu tespit, devletle toplum aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi daha da bozmaktad\u0131r. 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren TBMM\u2019de \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun olu\u015fumunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sorun ya\u015fanmamas\u0131, siyasal sistemin y\u00f6netilebilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 su\u00e7lamas\u0131n\u0131 anlams\u0131z k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Meclisteki disiplinli ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir \u00e7o\u011funluk, h\u00fck\u00fcmet politikalar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, muhalefetin deste\u011fine ihtiya\u00e7 duymam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmet ve parti y\u00f6netimi tek bir ki\u015fide […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayilar-5"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2252"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2252\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}