15 Temmuz 2016 darbe giri\u015fimi \u00fczerinden 8 ay ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve darbecilerin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal y\u00f6netiminin ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararname uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrmesi, T\u00fcrkiye toplumunda b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlara neden olmakta ve hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fini kolay onar\u0131lmayacak bir \u015fekilde zedelenmektedir. Bu ortam ve ko\u015fullarda, modernle\u015fme d\u00f6nemi Osmanl\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi siyasal ve anayasal birikimi ortadan kald\u0131racak bir Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine gidilmektedir. Bu nedenle, 16 Nisan halkoylamas\u0131 ya\u015famsal olup, \u201canayasal bilgilenme hakk\u0131\u201dn\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn yurtta\u015flar i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 zamanda bir \u00f6dev ve sorumluluktur.<\/p>\n
Bu yaz\u0131da OHAL, OHAL\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan KHK\u2019ler ve OHAL s\u00fcrecinde yap\u0131lacak Anayasa referandumuna ili\u015fkin kimi sorulara yan\u0131t verilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc halde anayasa de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir mi?<\/span><\/p>\n S\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim ve OHAL uygulamalar\u0131, ilan edilme amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda, \u2018yer, konu ve zaman\u2019 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olup, yarg\u0131sal denetime a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130nsan haklar\u0131 Avrupa ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuku, asgari standartlar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcr. K\u0131sacas\u0131, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc y\u00f6netimlerin de, hukuk rejimi oldu\u011fu, 1990\u2019lar T\u00fcrkiye ortam ve ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ger\u00e7eklenmi\u015ftir. Peki 15 Temmuz2016 ve sonras\u0131ndaki durum nas\u0131l ilerlemektedir?<\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck korku ve ac\u0131lara yol a\u00e7an \u2018halk d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 ve vatan hainleri\u2019, 12 saat bile dayanamad\u0131.<\/p>\n OHAL\u2019e gerek var m\u0131yd\u0131? Tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bir anayasal yoldur. Hatta, s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netim bile ilan edilebilirdi.<\/p>\n Tart\u0131\u015fma g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyen ise, OHAL uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n \u2018hukuk rejimi\u2019 olmaktan uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fudur. \u00d6zellikle, 21 Temmuz\u2019dan ba\u015flayarak son bir ayda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan be\u015f OHAL KHK\u2019si, konu, ama\u00e7 ve zaman bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u2018OHAL amac\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok d\u00fczenleme\u2019 i\u00e7eriyor.<\/p>\n \u2018Ciddi \u015fekilde bozulan kamu d\u00fczeninin sa\u011flanmas\u0131, md. 120\u2019yi uygulamaya koyma amac\u0131 olup, bunun hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri md. 15 taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmi\u015f bulunuyor.<\/p>\n Ne var ki, OHAL KHK\u2019leri, konu, zaman ve ama\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u2018anayasal \u00e7er\u00e7eve\u2019 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, art\u0131k \u2018istisna\u2019 nitelemesi yapman\u0131n da bir anlam\u0131 yok; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00f6z konusu olan KHK de\u011fil, \u2018anayasa h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararnamelerdir.<\/p>\n Anayasal bilgi kirlili\u011finin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fclkeyi esir ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen darbe te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc sonucu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal rejimi, anayasal tart\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f bulunuyor. B\u00f6yle bir ortamda, rejim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi gibi, esasen asli kurucu iktidar\u0131n yetki alan\u0131na giren bir anayasa revizyonu bir yana, ikincil bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik bile yap\u0131lamaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc anayasa gibi \u00fclkenin, toplumun ve devletin gelece\u011fini ilgilendiren bir ortak ya\u015fam pakt\u0131, medyaya e\u015fit giri\u015f hakk\u0131 ve serbest tart\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 yarat\u0131lmadan ele al\u0131namaz.<\/p>\n 686 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK, tam da, \u2018Halkoylamas\u0131n\u0131n me\u015frulu\u011fu ve hukuki ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi\u2019 sorgulamas\u0131na yan\u0131t gibi olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Kararname, Anayasal a\u00e7\u0131dan \u2018yok h\u00fckm\u00fcnde\u2019 olsa da, do\u011furdu\u011fu sonu\u00e7lar, sava\u015f halinde bile g\u00f6r\u00fclebilecek t\u00fcrden de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc sava\u015f\u0131n da bir hukuku, ahlak\u0131 ve mertli\u011fi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n OHAL\u2019de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan KHK\u2019lerin hukuki niteli\u011fi nedir? \u00d6rnek olarak; yok h\u00fckm\u00fcndeki 686 nolu KHK<\/span><\/p>\n 7 \u015eubat 2017 Sal\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fc 29972 say\u0131l\u0131 (M\u00fckerrer) Resmi Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan 686 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK; \u201cOla\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal kapsam\u0131nda baz\u0131 tedbirler al\u0131nmas\u0131; (…) Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplanan Bakanlar Kurulu\u2019nca 2\/1\/2017 tarihinde kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u201d c\u00fcmlesi ile ba\u015flamakla, iki ayr\u0131 i\u015flemin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u2018Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda toplanan Bakanlar Kurulu\u2019 kayd\u0131, toplant\u0131 ile KHK e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, toplant\u0131 tarihi, 2 Ocak 2017, Kararname tarihi ise, 7 \u015eubat 2017\u2019dir.<\/p>\n Bu zaman fark\u0131, Kararname ve ek listelerin ayr\u0131 i\u015flemler olarak haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. CB ve Bakanlar Kurulu imzal\u0131 KHK, muhtemelen \u2018b\u00fcrokratlar\u2019ca haz\u0131rlanan ve Kararname\u2019ye sonradan eklenen liste, hi\u00e7bir a\u00e7\u0131klama ve gerek\u00e7eyi i\u00e7ermemektedir.<\/p>\n Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc y\u00f6netim de, bir hukuk rejimidir. 1982 Anayasas\u0131\u2019nda ve \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Avrupa S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nde oldu\u011fu gibi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin taraf oldu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere g\u00f6re OHAL, \u2018neden, yetki, yer, konu ve zaman\u2019 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olup yarg\u0131sal denetime tabidir. Nitekim bu hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7eve, Anayasa md.120 ve 121\u2019in yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, madde 15\u2019te a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Anayasa ve uluslararas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hale neden olan ki\u015fi ve gruplar i\u00e7in bile ge\u00e7erli haklar\u0131 g\u00fcvencelerdir. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri s\u0131n\u0131rlama \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri ve dokunulamayacak alanlar; adil yarg\u0131lanma hakk\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 muamele yasa\u011f\u0131 gelmektedir.<\/p>\n Gelin g\u00f6r\u00fcn ki; OHAL kapsam\u0131nda KHK do\u011frultusunda 4.287 akademisyen g\u00f6revinden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olup, g\u00f6revden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan kamu personeli say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcz bine yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Acaba bunlardan ne kadar\u0131 darbe ile ili\u015fkilidir?<\/p>\n Yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu bir \u2018imha harek\u00e2t\u0131\u2019: Yok h\u00fckm\u00fcndeki KHK, -s\u0131ralad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar zinciri ile- listede ad\u0131 bulunanlar\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn haklar\u0131ndan yoksun k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u015eu benzetme abart\u0131 olmaz: Kur\u015fun s\u0131k\u0131larak \u2013karanl\u0131kta ve arkadan- \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek ve \u015farj\u00f6r\u00fc \u00fczerine bo\u015faltt\u0131ktan sonra da tekmeleyip, cesedini s\u00fcr\u00fcklemek…<\/p>\n Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 darbecileri yarg\u0131lamak m\u0131 muhalifleri susturmakla m\u0131 ilgilidir?<\/p>\n KHK yoluyla tasfiye tarz\u0131, -KHK\u2019lerin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 ve hukuken yok olmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesinde- y\u0131llarca din \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ve dinin siyasete alet edilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele edenlerin FET\u00d6\u2019c\u00fcler ile \u201cayn\u0131 torba\u201dya konulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, ba\u015fl\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lay\u0131c\u0131 ve k\u00f6t\u00fc muameledir. Fakat, bu ayn\u0131 zamanda, darbecilere uygulanacak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 suland\u0131rmakt\u0131r. \u201cSuland\u0131rma iradesi\u201d, \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131n\u0131 geri getirme s\u00f6ylemi ile de teyit edilmektedir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki; FET\u00d6 ve Adil \u00d6ks\u00fcz (yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ise) gibi ba\u015f akt\u00f6rler gibi Yunanistan\u2019a ka\u00e7an darbeci subaylar vb. de, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de idam riski oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle iade edilmeyeceklerdir.<\/p>\n Darbe giri\u015fimi faillerini ciddi bir bi\u00e7imde yarg\u0131lay\u0131p, yeni darbe olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir hukuk d\u00fczeni olu\u015fturmak yerine, hukuku ve insan haklar\u0131n\u0131 savunanlar\u0131n, dahas\u0131 hukukun kendisinin ve insan<\/p>\n haklar\u0131n\u0131n tasfiye edilmesi, bir\u00e7ok soru i\u015faretini beraberinde getirmektedir.<\/p>\n Unutmayal\u0131m: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019yi 15 Temmuz 2016\u2019ya getiren zemin, Anayasa-hukuk ve liyakat yerine \u201cdin-mezhep- cemaat\u201d ili\u015fkilerini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karan H\u00fck\u00fcmet etme tarz\u0131 ile yarat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n 15 Temmuz sonras\u0131, hukuk ve liyakat yerine, yanda\u015flar ve muhalifler ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, AK Parti ve cemaat bi\u00e7imdeki olu\u015fumlar\u0131n yeni ittifaklar\u0131na elveri\u015fli zeminler haz\u0131rlayabilir; bu durum, milliyet\u00e7i-\u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n eklemlenmesiyle ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r da.<\/p>\n \u00dcniversiteler (ve liselerden) \u00f6zellikle E\u011fitim-Sen \u00fcyesi olanlar\u0131n tasfiyesinin, AKP-MHP ( \u0130slam-T\u00fcrk)ittifak\u0131n\u0131n yeniden \u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir d\u00f6nemde ivme kazanmas\u0131, bir rastlant\u0131 olmasa gerek.<\/p>\n B\u00f6yle bir eklemlenme, insan haklar\u0131 ve evrensel de\u011ferleri de\u011fil, maneviyat\u00e7\u0131-milliyet\u00e7i ve \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131r. Bar\u0131\u015f dilini de\u011fil, sava\u015f s\u00f6ylemini beraberinde getirmektedir.<\/p>\n Anayasa yoluyla yap\u0131lmak istenen de bu olsa gerek: Kanl\u0131 darbe giri\u015fimi \u00f6nlenmi\u015f ama sonras\u0131nda, OHAL KHK\u2019ler yoluyla \u201csava\u015f hukuku\u201d ile bile ba\u011fda\u015fmayan bir mekanizma i\u015fletilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi, b\u00f6yle bir ortamda kotar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; yine bir t\u00fcr sava\u015f y\u00f6ntemi ile.<\/p>\n Oysa anayasa, do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi, bir ortak ya\u015fam pakt\u0131 ve toplumsal bar\u0131\u015f projesidir. \u015eu anda tan\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz ise, tam tersi. Bir t\u00fcr sava\u015f y\u00f6ntemi ile adeta bir sava\u015f anayasas\u0131 haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor, sadece iki hedef \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak: \u201cistikrar ve g\u00fcvenlik\u201d.<\/p>\n \u00d6yle bir sava\u015f y\u00f6ntemi ki, \u201ckazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklar\u201d bile s\u0131f\u0131rlanabiliyor. Bunda, hukuk-adalet-insan haklar\u0131-e\u015fitlik ve haysiyet gibi kavram ve de\u011ferler de\u011fil, mezhep\u00e7i kin ve nefret s\u00f6ylemi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u201cKazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f haklara sayg\u0131\u201d ve insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n sert \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturan ilkeleri ortadan kald\u0131rma e\u015fi\u011finde hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklerin s\u0131f\u0131rland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir toplumun gelece\u011fini, \u201cistikrar ve g\u00fcvenlik\u201d kavramlar\u0131 ile a\u00e7\u0131klamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, muhataplar\u0131 hayli saf sanmakt\u0131r. Ku\u015fkusuz, zalimleri durdurman\u0131n yolu, birikim ve kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 sahiplenerek, bilimsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi her ne ko\u015ful ve ortamda olursa olsunsa vunanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131 ve kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 15 Temmuz 2016 darbe giri\u015fimi \u00fczerinden 8 ay ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve darbecilerin \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve tutukland\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc hal y\u00f6netiminin ve bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararname uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrmesi, T\u00fcrkiye toplumunda b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlara neden olmakta ve hukuk g\u00fcvenli\u011fini kolay onar\u0131lmayacak bir \u015fekilde zedelenmektedir. Bu ortam ve ko\u015fullarda, modernle\u015fme d\u00f6nemi Osmanl\u0131 ve Cumhuriyet d\u00f6nemi siyasal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":76,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayilar-6"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/76"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2283"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2283\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}