T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4 farkl\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname yay\u0131nlanarak S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Haklar\u0131 koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bu ge\u00e7ici d\u00fczenleme 22 y\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmi\u015fti. Ge\u00e7en 22 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrede s\u00fcrekli olarak bir Kanun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenegelmi\u015f, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilen S\u0131nai Haklar bu y\u0131llar boyunca Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname ile korunmaya devam etmi\u015fti. Son y\u0131llarda ise Anayasa bak\u0131m\u0131ndan temel haklardan olan m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n ancak kanun ile k\u0131s\u0131tlanabilece\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle mahkemeler 556 say\u0131l\u0131 Markalar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname\u2019nin (556 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK) \u00e7e\u015fitli maddelerinin Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019ne ba\u015fvurmu\u015f ve marka hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 veya ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler teker teker iptal edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Yasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi b\u00f6ylelikle elzem bir hal ald\u0131. 10 Ocak 2017 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren 6769 say\u0131l\u0131 S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Yasas\u0131 (Yasa) bu a\u00e7\u0131dan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Genel itibariyle Yasa\u2019da, AB mevzuat\u0131 ile uyumlu ve TRIPS\u2019in gerekliliklerini i\u00e7eren KHK\u2019lerin genel ruhu korunmakla birlikte, uygulama ve tescil kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6nemli yenilikler de mevcuttur. 551 say\u0131l\u0131 Patent Haklar\u0131n\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de bir\u00e7ok yenilik ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri i\u00e7ermektedir. Ancak Yasa\u2019n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi en \u00f6nemli yenilik ve de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden birisi, Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmlerde yer alan, uluslararas\u0131 bir kavram olan \u201chakk\u0131n t\u00fckenmesi ilkesi\u201d bak\u0131m\u0131ndand\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bilindi\u011fi gibi s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fckenmesi, s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet korumas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tekelci hakk\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f bir kavramd\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re, s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sahibinin ve\/veya onun yetkili k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimsenin koruma kapsam\u0131ndaki \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc piyasaya sunmas\u0131 s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sahibinin hakk\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fckenmesi, yani art\u0131k s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131na konu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc alan ki\u015finin \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fczerinde (\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne halel getirmeksizin) diledi\u011fi gibi tasarruf etme hak ve yetkisine sahip olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. S\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fckenmesi serbest piyasa ekonomisinin bir gereklili\u011fi olarak do\u011fmu\u015f, s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hak sahiplerinin rekabeti k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6nlemler almas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyerek paralel ithalat\u0131n da \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada k\u0131saca, s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fckenmesinin kapsam\u0131ndan da bahsetmek gerekecektir. Hakk\u0131n t\u00fckenmesi ilkesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan benimsenmi\u015f co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131rlar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re hakk\u0131n t\u00fckenmesi, \u201c\u00fclkesel t\u00fckenme\u201d, \u201cb\u00f6lgesel t\u00fckenme\u201d ve \u201culuslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenme\u201d olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131r kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnameler ile benimsedi\u011fi co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131r olan \u00fclkesel t\u00fckenmede, s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 belirli bir \u00fclke s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde hakka konu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn hak sahibi ve\/veya yetkili k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimse taraf\u0131ndan piyasaya sunulmas\u0131 ile hakk\u0131n yaln\u0131zca o \u00fclke bak\u0131m\u0131ndan t\u00fckendi\u011fi kabul edilirken, AB taraf\u0131ndan benimsenmi\u015f \u201cb\u00f6lgesel t\u00fckenme\u201dde ise co\u011frafi s\u0131n\u0131r belirli bir \u00fclke de\u011fil birden \u00e7ok \u00fclkenin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu bir b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in t\u00fckenmi\u015f kabul edilmektedir. Serbest piyasa ekonomisinin idealize etti\u011fi sistem ise \u201culuslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenme ilkesi\u201ddir. Buna g\u00f6re, s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131na giren \u00fcr\u00fcn hak sahibi ve\/veya yetkili k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimse taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n herhangi bir yerinde piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmekle art\u0131k hak sahibinin hakk\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fckendi\u011fi kabul edilmektedir. Uluslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenme ilkesi bug\u00fcn literat\u00fcrde hala daha tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olan, serbest piyasa ekonomisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201colmas\u0131 gereken\u201d, piyasa rekabet ortam\u0131n\u0131n tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve kendi i\u00e7erisinde dengesini buldu\u011fu, s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sahibinin herhangi bir kontrol ve denetim mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tamamen liberal bir sistemdir. Her ne kadar savunucular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet korumas\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan olmas\u0131 gereken olarak ele al\u0131nsa ve hem t\u00fcketicinin hem de sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n faydas\u0131na olan bir sistem olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclse de geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 sahibinin ve t\u00fcketicinin bu sistemde ger\u00e7ekten kazanan olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yukar\u0131da bahsedildi\u011fi \u00fczere, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 6769 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa\u2019n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesinde \u00f6nce benimsenen ilke \u201c\u00fclkesel t\u00fckenme ilkesi\u201d iken, 6769 say\u0131l\u0131 Yasa tasla\u011f\u0131 uzun m\u00fcddet tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra son anda yasan\u0131n Genel H\u00fck\u00fcmler alt\u0131nda yer alan \u201dhakk\u0131n t\u00fckenmesi\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 152. maddesinden bir son dakika karar\u0131 ile \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u201d ibaresi \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve madde metni a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n
Hakk\u0131n t\u00fcketilmesi<\/span><\/p>\n MADDE 152- (1) S\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 korumas\u0131na konu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin, hak sahibi veya onun izni ile \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan piyasaya sunulmas\u0131ndan sonra bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle ilgili fiiller hakk\u0131n kapsam\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kal\u0131r. (2) Marka sahibi, birinci f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fc kapsam\u0131na giren \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek veya k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirilerek ticari ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/em><\/p>\n S\u00f6z konusu madde h\u00fckm\u00fcnde \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de\u201d ibaresinin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 art\u0131k yeni kanun ile \u201culuslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenme\u201d ilkesinin benimsendi\u011fi \u015feklinde yorumlanmaktad\u0131r. Madde i\u00e7eri\u011finden bu hususun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmemesinin uygulamada yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131nda \u00e7eli\u015fkiler yaratabilece\u011fi kayg\u0131s\u0131 bir yana \u0130svi\u00e7re ve Norve\u00e7 \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilerek benimsenen bu ilkenin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00f6zellikle yerli yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 ve t\u00fcketici bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ne derece olumlu olaca\u011f\u0131 \u015fimdiden bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu. \u00d6neriyi getiren bir k\u0131s\u0131m akademisyen ve kamu taraf\u0131 \u201culuslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenme ilkesi\u201dnin yaln\u0131zca \u00fclke ekonomisi i\u00e7in de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda t\u00fcketici a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da olumlu sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u0131srarc\u0131. \u00d6neriyi getirenlerin arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin ithalat\u00e7\u0131 bir \u00fclke olmas\u0131 sebebiyle uluslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenmenin \u00fclke menfaatlerine daha uygun oldu\u011fu ve bu sistemin t\u00fcketici yarar\u0131na sonu\u00e7 do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 hususlar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. Ulusal t\u00fckenmenin kabul edildi\u011fi durumlarda global \u015firketlerin \u00fclkeleri pazarlara b\u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00fcr\u00fcn fiyatland\u0131rmas\u0131na kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde belirleyici olduklar\u0131 bunun ise t\u00fcketicinin zarar\u0131na sonu\u00e7 do\u011furdu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Uluslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenmenin benimsenmesi ile t\u00fcketicinin kaliteli \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc daha ucuza alaca\u011f\u0131 farz edilmektedir. Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalara istinaden uluslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenmenin \u00fclke menfaatine daha uygun oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle s\u00f6z konusu \u00f6neri getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Ancak tasla\u011fa son dakika g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f veren \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r ve sivil toplum kanad\u0131 ise ayn\u0131 oranda emin de\u011fildir. Ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131klar\u0131 kayg\u0131lar derin ve anlaml\u0131d\u0131r. AB m\u00fcktesebat\u0131na uyum s\u00fcreci kapsam\u0131nda bir faz\u0131n kapanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli mihenk ta\u015flar\u0131ndan olan s\u00f6z konusu yasada, AB taraf\u0131ndan benimsenen ilke yerine \u015fuan AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkelerin, rekabet\u00e7i serbest piyasa konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck hassasiyet ta\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u201culuslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenme ilkesi\u201dne, hem de ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00fcye \u00fclke hakimleri taraf\u0131ndan uluslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenme ilkesinin benimsenmesi gerekti\u011fini belirten bir\u00e7ok yarg\u0131 karar\u0131 mevcut olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, \u00f6n yarg\u0131 ile yakla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken; D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en liberal ve geli\u015fmi\u015f ekonomilerinden olan \u0130svi\u00e7re, Norve\u00e7 ve Kanada gibi \u00fclkelerin \u00f6rnek al\u0131nmas\u0131 ise \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6z konusu madde h\u00fckm\u00fcnde ithalat\u0131n bir istisna olarak tutulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 yerel \u00fcreticiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan s\u00f6z konusu ilkenin benimsenmesinin yarardan \u00e7ok zarar do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 kayg\u0131s\u0131 mevcuttur. Yerel hak sahibi olan \u00fcreticinin ya da yetkili da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yeni bir Ar- Ge\u2019yi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de piyasaya s\u00fcrmesi 3. ki\u015filerin s\u00f6z konusu s\u0131nai m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131 haiz \u00fcr\u00fcnleri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n herhangi bir yerinde piyasaya sunma hakk\u0131 tan\u0131maktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, ithalat\u00e7\u0131 bir \u00fclke olman\u0131n kabulleni\u015fiyle getirilen \u00f6neri, \u00fcretici ve ihracat\u00e7\u0131 bir \u00fclkeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme gayesinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ket vurabilecektir. Bu durumda hangisinin \u00fclke menfaatine daha uygun d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ise \u00f6nemli bir tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olarak \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fcze \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bunun yan\u0131nda uluslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenme ilkesi ger\u00e7ekten t\u00fcketici lehine sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furmakta m\u0131d\u0131r? Bu da yine tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 bir alan olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Serbest piyasa ekonomisinin idealize etti\u011fi rekabet ortam\u0131nda \u00fcretici ve\/veya sat\u0131c\u0131 t\u00fcketiciye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in rekabet ederken fiyat endeksinin de t\u00fcketici lehine de\u011fi\u015fkenlik g\u00f6stermesi beklenir. Uluslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenmenin ise serbest piyasa ekonomisi i\u00e7in idealize edilen sistem oldu\u011funu yukar\u0131da vurgulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Ancak t\u00fckenme uluslararas\u0131 dahi olsa, bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk kez piyasaya sokan ki\u015fi, ilk olman\u0131n verdi\u011fi avantaj ile y\u00fcksek bir fiyat belirleme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne sahip olacak ve bunu hi\u00e7bir maliyete katlanmaks\u0131z\u0131n yapabilecektir. Zira hak sahibi veya onun yetkili k\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131c\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn fiyat\u0131n\u0131 belirlerken, hem \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan maliyetleri hem de \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn piyasada tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, tutundurulmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcketiciye sunulacak olan sat\u0131\u015f sonras\u0131 hizmetleri de dikkate alarak yaparken; \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc piyasaya sokan herhangi bir ki\u015fi i\u00e7in benzer maliyetlerin bulunmayaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Kald\u0131 ki son d\u00f6nemde d\u00f6viz dalgalanmalar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de s\u00f6z konusu sistem t\u00fcketiciden \u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc piyasaya s\u00fcren ki\u015fi yarar\u0131na olacak, bu arada \u00fcreticinin elindeki en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc materyal olan piyasaya g\u00f6re \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00fcretme ya da piyasaya \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ilk s\u00fcren olma ara\u00e7lar\u0131 da elinden al\u0131nacakt\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla burada kazanan t\u00fcketiciden \u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc piyasaya sokan olabilecektir. \u00dcr\u00fcn\u00fcn fiyat\u0131n\u0131n ucuzlamas\u0131, piyasada ba\u015fka akt\u00f6rlerin de \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc arz etmeleri sonucu olu\u015fur ki; bu da zaten ulusal t\u00fckenme halinde dahi, hukuka uygun yollarla yap\u0131lan paralel ithalat imkan\u0131 ile sa\u011flanmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla uluslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenme ilkesi do\u011frudan \u201cucuz \u00fcr\u00fcn\u201d do\u011furmamaktad\u0131r. Bunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, piyasaya giren \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin kontrol edilebilirli\u011fi \u00fcretici a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan ka\u00e7ak ve sahte ile m\u00fccadelede uluslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenme ilkesinin yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmayaca\u011f\u0131 aksine zorla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n S\u00f6z konusu ilkenin benimsenmesinde \u00f6rnek g\u00f6sterilen \u00fclkeler, unutulmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki liberal ekonomilerse de sosyal devlet kavram\u0131n\u0131 benimsemi\u015f ve bunu iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran ayr\u0131ca \u00fcretim kapasitesi de g\u00f6rece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fclkelerdir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sosyal devlet olma yolunda \u00f6n\u00fcnde b\u00fcy\u00fck mihenk ta\u015flar\u0131 bulunan T\u00fcrkiye i\u00e7in sistemin t\u00fcketiciyi ve kamu yarar\u0131n\u0131 ne denli koruyarak ilerleyece\u011fi ve ger\u00e7ekten serbest piyasa ekonomisinin t\u00fcketici yarar\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nemli soru i\u015faretleri olarak duruyor.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya\u2019da literat\u00fcrde olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 olan ve \u00f6zellikle marka hakk\u0131 sahibinin hakk\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli \u00e7ekinceler yaratan uluslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenme ilkesinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ne gibi sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 ileri vadede uygulama ve \u00e7\u0131kacak yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131yla \u015fekillenecek. Ancak y\u0131llar boyunca Yarg\u0131tay\u2019\u0131n me\u015fhur Police ve sonra Dexter karar\u0131 ile destekledi\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc \u00fczerinden yorumlanm\u0131\u015f \u00fclkesel t\u00fckenme ilkesinin uygulamaya y\u00f6n verdi\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, uluslararas\u0131 t\u00fckenme ilkesinin do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar \u015fimdiden olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4 farkl\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname yay\u0131nlanarak S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Haklar\u0131 koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, bu ge\u00e7ici d\u00fczenleme 22 y\u0131l T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de S\u0131nai M\u00fclkiyet Haklar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmi\u015fti. Ge\u00e7en 22 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrede s\u00fcrekli olarak bir Kanun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenegelmi\u015f, m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilen S\u0131nai Haklar bu y\u0131llar boyunca Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararname ile korunmaya devam etmi\u015fti. Son […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":78,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayilar-6"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/78"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2293"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2293\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}