Fon sistemi, b\u00fct\u00e7e d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00f6zel amaca y\u00f6nelik kaynak tahsisi uygulamas\u0131 olarak, kamusal kaynaklar\u0131n parlamentoda optimal tahsisine y\u00f6nelik b\u00fct\u00e7ede birlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla beraber, \u00f6zellikle savunma ya da istihbarat vs. gibi baz\u0131 stratejik alanlarda,fon uygulamas\u0131na ge\u00e7ildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda ve izleyen d\u00f6nemde Suudi Arabistan, Kuveyt, Katar gibi k\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri yan\u0131nda, Norve\u00e7, \u00c7in, Rusya ve Kazakistan gibi petrol, do\u011fal gaz ya da sair gelir kaynaklar\u0131 y\u00fcksek baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerin Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Varl\u0131k Fonlar\u0131 (Sowereign Wealth Funds) veya sair adlarla kurduklar\u0131 fonlar \u00f6zel yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n finansman\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde toplam de\u011feri yakla\u015f\u0131k 11 milyar dolara ula\u015fan onbe\u015f ulusal varl\u0131k fonunun % 60\u2019\u0131 petrol ve do\u011fal gaz gibi devaml\u0131 gelir sa\u011flayan kaynaklara dayanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan fon y\u00f6netimi, do\u011fal kaynaklara ya da cari fazlal\u0131k gibi devaml\u0131 gelir sa\u011flayan kaynaklara dayal\u0131 olmay\u0131p, \u00e7e\u015fitli kamu kurulu\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde at\u0131l oldu\u011fu ve \u201cekonomiye kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131\u201d(!) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen kaynaklar\u0131n i\u015fletilerek ya da ipotek edilerek gelir sa\u011flanmas\u0131 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131na dayand\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
***
\nT\u00fcrkiye\u2019de 19 A\u011fustos 2016 tarihinde 6741 say\u0131l\u0131 yasa ile olu\u015fturulan T\u00fcrkiye Varl\u0131k Fonu Anonim \u015eirketi (TVFA\u015e) kamu kesimi b\u00fcnyesinde olup, \u00f6zel hukuk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi bir kurulu\u015ftur. Yasa ile kurulan \u015firket, yap\u0131s\u0131 ve i\u015fleyi\u015finin Bakanlar Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan belirlenmesi ve stratejik yat\u0131r\u0131m kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Bakanlar Kurulu onay\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131ndan kamusal; piyasa kural\u0131na g\u00f6re faaliyette bulunma yetkisiyle \u00f6zel; vergi muafiyeti ve kamu personel mevzuat\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131 ile de hibrid yap\u0131l\u0131 bir kurulu\u015ftur. Say\u0131\u015ftay denetimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olan \u015firket, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z denetim kurumu raporlar\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Parlamento Plan ve B\u00fct\u00e7e Komisyonu denetimine tabidir. \u015eirket m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc ve be\u015f ki\u015filik y\u00f6netim kurulunun Ba\u015fbakan taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7iliyor olmas\u0131 \u015firkete kamusal nitelik kazand\u0131rmakla beraber, y\u00f6netici \u00fccretlerinin kamuoyundan sakl\u0131 tutulmas\u0131 ve \u015firkete tan\u0131nan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkiler, devasa boyuttaki kamu varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi hakk\u0131nda ciddi ku\u015fku yaratmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fon, aktar\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck kaynaklarla giri\u015filecek \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli ticari ve finansal faaliyetler sonucunda devaml\u0131 kaynak \u00fcreterek \u00e7o\u011falabilen, \u00fcretti\u011fi kaynaklardan vergi muafiyeti nedeniyle b\u00fct\u00e7eye aktar\u0131m yapmayan, amorf yap\u0131l\u0131, g\u00f6rece otonom, K\u0130T benzeri i\u015fletme niteli\u011findedir. Bu durum, TVFA\u015e\u2019ne ba\u015fat olan siyasal erke, gerek \u00fczerine oturdu\u011fu muazzam aktiflerin, gerekse ticari ve finansal faaliyetlerle sa\u011flanacak gelirlerin g\u00f6lgesinde e\u015f zamanl\u0131 ve zamanlar aras\u0131 demokrasi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 ve yetki sa\u011flama potansiyelita\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hemen her t\u00fcr vergi, resim ve har\u00e7tan muaf tutulmakla beraber, kamusal koruma \u00e7emberi avantaj\u0131na da sahip olan fon i\u015fletmesi, kamu b\u00fct\u00e7esine, \u00f6zel kesim sermayesine ve kamu iktisadi te\u015febb\u00fcslerine kar\u015f\u0131 da ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc avantajl\u0131 konumdad\u0131r. B\u00f6ylesi avantajl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nan \u015firket fonuna, Ziraat Bankas\u0131, PTT, B\u0130ST, BOTA\u015e, \u00c7AYKUR, Eti Maden; T\u00dcRKSAT, THY ve Halkbank gibi \u00f6nemli varl\u0131klar yan\u0131nda, Hazineye ait baz\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmazlar\u0131n da d\u00e2hil edilmesiyle, siyasi otoriteye muazzam g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde, merkantilizm \u00f6ncesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u201ckrematistik hazine\u201d yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 and\u0131r\u0131r bir yap\u0131 olu\u015fturulmaktad\u0131r. Bu hususun \u00f6nerilen anayasal y\u00f6netim sistemi ba\u011flam\u0131nda dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereklidir!<\/strong><\/p>\n At\u0131l oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen kamu varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ekonomiye kazand\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, finansal \u015foklara kar\u015f\u0131 ekonominin korunmas\u0131 vb gibi ifadelerle gizlenen \u015firketin as\u0131l amac\u0131, yurti\u00e7i ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 kamu ve \u00f6zel yat\u0131r\u0131mlara i\u015ftirak etmek ve kanal \u0130stanbul ya da \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc havaliman\u0131 veya petrol- gaz boru hatlar\u0131 in\u015fas\u0131 gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlara, faiz haddini y\u00fckseltmeden, i\u00e7 ve d\u0131\u015f finansman sa\u011flama yolunun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, as\u0131l ama\u00e7, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn ve gelece\u011fin varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n riske at\u0131lmas\u0131 pahas\u0131na, siyasi erke g\u00fc\u00e7 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu hal ve stat\u00fcde varl\u0131k fonu ihdas\u0131n\u0131n genel yorumu \u015f\u00f6yle yap\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n -Olu\u015fum Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Varl\u0131k Fonlar\u0131 sistemine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> Kamu a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve cari a\u00e7\u0131k veren T\u00fcrkiye, petrol ya da gaz gibi do\u011fal kaynaklar itibariyle de zengin bir \u00fclke olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, fonunak\u0131m halinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Fona devredilen stok halindeki kamu varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n parlamento denetiminde ve fayda-maliyet ya da maliyet etkinlik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fcne dayand\u0131r\u0131lmadan, siyasi rant ama\u00e7l\u0131 her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ekonomik faaliyete sokulmas\u0131 ya da ipotek alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, fonlar\u0131n \u00e7ok ciddi risklerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelmesine ve\/ veya kamusal varl\u0131klar\u0131n de\u011fersizle\u015fmesine ya da elden \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n – Demokratik b\u00fct\u00e7eleme sistemine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong>\u00a0TVFA\u015e\u2019nin faaliyet k\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n hemen t\u00fcm vergilerden muafiyeti yan\u0131nda, i\u015flemlerin Say\u0131\u015ftay denetiminin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tutulmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00e7ede birlik prensibine ve kamusal i\u015flemlerde etkinlik denetim ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Kurum olarak KVFA\u015e, K\u0130T ve \u00f6zel sermayeye rakip kurulu\u015ftur; fon gelirleri ise, genel b\u00fct\u00e7eye aktar\u0131lmayan kamu geliri olarak paralel b\u00fct\u00e7e olu\u015fturma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n – Anti-demokratik siyasal erk olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7ar.<\/strong> Farkl\u0131 kamu otoriteleri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131labilecek kaynaklar\u0131 parlamento d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tek siyasi otorite alt\u0131nda toplamak,parlamento d\u0131\u015f\u0131 siyaseti egemen k\u0131lar. \u201cKrematistik hazine\u201d y\u00f6netimine ba\u015fat olan siyaset\u00e7i, ekonomik faaliyetlerle devaml\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen fakat b\u00fct\u00e7eye katk\u0131 yapmayan fon \u00fczerinden demokratik kurallara ayk\u0131r\u0131olarak toplumsal h\u00e2kimiyet sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n – Nesiller aras\u0131 anti-demokratik ve haks\u0131z kaynak da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/strong> Fona dayal\u0131 olarak parlamento d\u0131\u015f\u0131 siyasi kararlarla \u00e7e\u015fitli ekonomik faaliyetlere giri\u015filmesi sonucunda gelecek nesiller, kendilerinin karar mevkiinde olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f siyasi kararlarla ciddi maliyetler y\u00fckleniyor olabilir. Bu durum egemen siyasi erkin nesiller aras\u0131 demokrasi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyet kurmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Fon sistemi, b\u00fct\u00e7e d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ve \u00f6zel amaca y\u00f6nelik kaynak tahsisi uygulamas\u0131 olarak, kamusal kaynaklar\u0131n parlamentoda optimal tahsisine y\u00f6nelik b\u00fct\u00e7ede birlik ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Bununla beraber, \u00f6zellikle savunma ya da istihbarat vs. gibi baz\u0131 stratejik alanlarda,fon uygulamas\u0131na ge\u00e7ildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 1950\u2019li y\u0131llarda ve izleyen d\u00f6nemde Suudi Arabistan, Kuveyt, Katar gibi k\u00f6rfez \u00fclkeleri yan\u0131nda, Norve\u00e7, \u00c7in, Rusya ve Kazakistan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[86],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayilar-6"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2310"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2310\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}