16 Nisan Anayasa referandumu geldi ve ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncesinde yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla dile getirdi\u011fimiz bir husus vard\u0131. Diyorduk ki; ne anayasa tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131ktan ne de \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 anayasadan ibarettir.<\/p>\n
Ku\u015fkusuz bunu dillendirirken ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ve anayasa tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsizle\u015ftirme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yorduk. Aksine bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorduk. Halen de \u00f6nemini korumaktalar. Ancak tam da bu \u00f6nem nedeniyle tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\/ de\u011ferlendirmelerin bunun \u00f6tesine ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
Referandum sonucu \u201cevet\u201d olarak tescillenmi\u015f oldu. Sonuca bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, s\u00fcrecin \u201ckazanan\u0131\u201d da AKP oldu. Ancak AKP\u2019nin bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015ferek \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle dahi g\u00f6r\u00fclebiliyor. Bunun tek nedeni de referandum \u00fczerindeki g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u015faibe de\u011fil. (Burada k\u0131sa bir parantez ile hat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015f olay\u0131m: Gizli oy ihlali, tutuklu milletvekilleri ve nihayetinde OHAL ko\u015fullar\u0131nda kurulan sand\u0131k ile usulden sakatlanan referandum, YSK\u2019n\u0131n kanun maddesini g\u00f6stere g\u00f6stere \u00e7i\u011fneyip, m\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz zarflardaki oylar\u0131 ge\u00e7erli saymas\u0131 ile \u2013 di\u011ferlerini saymaya gerek dahi yok \u2013 esastan da sakatlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.)<\/p>\n
Buna ra\u011fmen d\u00fczen siyaseti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir viraj daha al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sonras\u0131na bakacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
San\u0131r\u0131m 1923 Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131k kimse iddia etmiyordur.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylesi s\u00fcre\u00e7leri \u00f6zellikle i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7erken kesin tarihler \u00fczerinden tan\u0131mlamak riskler bar\u0131nd\u0131rsa da, anlat\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, kullanman\u0131n \u00e7ok da sak\u0131ncal\u0131 olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Bu kay\u0131t ile ifade edersem; 2010 referandumunu ve bunu takip eden 2011 se\u00e7imlerini 1923 Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin sonu olarak tan\u0131mlayabiliriz. Ve 2. Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131. Kastetti\u011fimiz ise, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin felsefesinde ve rejiminde k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Bununla birlikte 2. Cumhuriyet\u2019in ayaklar\u0131 hep havada as\u0131l\u0131 kald\u0131. Bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc yere indirilemedi. Yeni rejim bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc yerle\u015femedi, yerle\u015ftirilemedi. \u0130\u015fte bu a\u00e7\u0131dan da 2017 referandumu AKP a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli idi. AKP ideologlar\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u00e7a duydu\u011fumuz \u00fczere; 1 Kas\u0131m se\u00e7imleri ile Gezi parantezi kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. S\u0131ra Cumhuriyet parantezinde idi.<\/p>\n
Uzunca bir s\u00fcredir devam eden fiili durumun \u201cyasal\u201d hale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesi ayn\u0131 zamanda me\u015fruiyetleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00f6nemli idi. Yukar\u0131da dile getirdi\u011fimiz gibi, \u015faibeli bir referandum ile bu viraj al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f oldu. Me\u015fruiyet elde edilmi\u015f midir, olduk\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131. Ancak art\u0131k \u201cyasal\u201d hale gelinmi\u015ftir. \u015eimdi s\u0131rada bunun kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bulunuyor. Tabii, tek bir ki\u015fiye\/makama ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerinden bunun tesis edilecek olmas\u0131 da ironik bir durum.<\/p>\n
Peki, nedir bunlar?<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131nda AKP\u2019nin akl\u0131nda hep ba\u015ftan sona yeni bir anayasa yaz\u0131m\u0131 oldu. Buna ili\u015fkin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 da oldu. Hemen akla gelen ve \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan derli toplu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ise 2007 \u00d6zbudun tasla\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.[foot]Tasla\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131ndaki not \u015fu \u015fekildedir: Bu \u201cT\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131 \u00d6nerisi\u201d; 8 Haziran 2007 g\u00fcn\u00fc Ba\u015fbakan ve Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Say\u0131n Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n Prof. Dr. Ergun \u00d6zbudun\u2019dan talebi \u00fczerine, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da isimleri yaz\u0131l\u0131 ki\u015filerden olu\u015fan Komisyon taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f, 2 A\u011fustos 2007 g\u00fcn\u00fc Ba\u015fbakan ve Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi Genel Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Say\u0131n Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019a sunu\u015fu yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 29 A\u011fustos 2007 tarihinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar tamamlanarak Adalet ve Kalk\u0131nma Partisi Genel Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Say\u0131n Dengir Mir Mehmet F\u0131rat\u2019a teslim edilmi\u015ftir. Prof. Dr. Ergun \u00d6zbudun (Komisyon Ba\u015fkan\u0131), Prof. Dr. Z\u00fcht\u00fc Arslan, Prof. Dr. Yavuz Atar, Prof. Dr. Faz\u0131l H\u00fcsn\u00fc Erdem, Prof. Dr. Levent K\u00f6ker, Do\u00e7. Dr. Serap Yaz\u0131c\u0131.[\/foot]<\/p>\n
Ancak bu \u00f6neri, sonras\u0131nda AKP taraf\u0131ndan resmi olarak sahiplenilmedi ve kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131. O ana kadar yeni bir anayasa yaz\u0131m\u0131ndan bahseden AKP, bu tarihten itibaren Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n par\u00e7a par\u00e7a de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesini g\u00fcndemine ald\u0131. Bunun anlam\u0131 metnin i\u00e7eri\u011fine ili\u015fkin AKP\u2019nin itirazlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu de\u011fildi. O tarihlerde ve sonras\u0131nda AKP\u2019nin \u201cg\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d bunu gerektirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle, e\u011fer 2. Cumhuriyet\u2019in yerle\u015ftirilme \u00e7abas\u0131ndan, bunun kurumsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan bahsediyorsak, 2007 tasla\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bilinmelidir ki arka planda bu taslak durmaya devam etmektedir. Belki aradan ge\u00e7en zaman nedeni ile taslak bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclemez, ancak AKP\u2019nin nas\u0131l bir anayasa (nas\u0131l bir \u00fclke) istedi\u011fine dair ciddi ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 2007 tasla\u011f\u0131ndan uzun al\u0131nt\u0131lar yapmaya olanak vermiyor. Bu nedenle ana eksenine de\u011finmekle yetinece\u011fim.<\/p>\n
1.Taslakta egemenli\u011fin k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an h\u00fck\u00fcmler yer almakta idi. Yine TBMM\u2019nin devredilemeyen yasama yetkisine de k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirilmekteydi.<\/p>\n
2. Laikli\u011fin tasfiyesi anayasal h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buluyordu.<\/p>\n
3. Taslak, anayasal d\u00fczlemde federalizme dair ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131n at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir metindi. 2007 tasla\u011f\u0131 \u201cmali federalizmin\u201d \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7maktayd\u0131. B\u00f6ylece \u201cidari \u00f6zerklik\u201d \u00f6ncesi \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m at\u0131lmas\u0131 hedeflenmekteydi.<\/p>\n
4. 2007 \u00d6zbudun tasla\u011f\u0131 \u201csosyal devlet\u201de ili\u015fkin bir\u00e7ok d\u00fczenlemeyi de ortadan kald\u0131rmakta idi. Anayasa\u2019dan \u201ckamu yarar\u0131\u201d \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131larak, kamu yarar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer alan d\u00fczenlemeler yeni olu\u015fturulan farkl\u0131 bir ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u201cPiyasalar\u0131n denetimi\u201d maddesi \u201cPiyasalar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi\u201d olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f, \u201cPlanlama\u201d Anayasa\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bug\u00fcn gelinen noktada, TBMM\u2019nin elinden temel i\u015flevlerinin al\u0131nmas\u0131 ya da zay\u0131flat\u0131lmas\u0131 (yasa yapma, b\u00fct\u00e7e haz\u0131rlama, denetleme) ve bu yetkilerin Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131na verilmesi (cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnamesi) ile asl\u0131nda 2007 tasla\u011f\u0131nda yer alan (ve bunun daha \u00f6tesinde) d\u00fczenlemeler hayata ge\u00e7me olana\u011f\u0131 bulmu\u015f durumda. Bir yanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ara verdi\u011finde kendi kendini toplant\u0131ya dahi \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ramayan bir Meclis, di\u011fer yanda kararname ile kamu t\u00fczel ki\u015filerini dahi d\u00fczenleme yetkisine sahip bir Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u201cBa\u015fkanl\u0131k\u201d sistemine ge\u00e7mi\u015f T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin idari yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nem (bir kez daha) tart\u0131\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Sistemin en \u00f6nemli ayaklar\u0131ndan biri yerel y\u00f6netimlerin yetkisinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bunun ne kadar federasyona tekab\u00fcl edece\u011finden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, \u201cdemokratik\u201d bir a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m olarak sunulaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k. Di\u011fer bir \u201cdemokratik\u201d ayak ise se\u00e7im baraj\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi olacakt\u0131r. Hatta s\u0131f\u0131rlanmas\u0131. Tabi dar b\u00f6lge se\u00e7im sistemi ile![foot]\u0130\u015fte \u00f6ylesi bir d\u00f6nemde, konjonkt\u00fcrde uygun olursa bir kez daha \u201cyetmez ama evet\u201d\u00e7i bir toplam\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131ndan emin olabilirsiniz. \u015eimdiden bir dizi imza metni dola\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 bile. Asl\u0131nda 2017 referandumda da tam \u201cyetmez ama evet\u201d\u00e7i bir paket bulunmakta idi. Maalesef konjonkt\u00fcr uygun de\u011fildi. Yoksa yarg\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131na tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n eklendi\u011fi, milletvekili say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 600, milletvekili se\u00e7ilme ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131n 18 oldu\u011fu, askeri yarg\u0131n\u0131n ve s\u0131k\u0131y\u00f6netimin kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, jandarman\u0131n MGK\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, Genelkurmay Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan atand\u0131\u011f\u0131, TSK\u2019n\u0131n DDK i\u00e7ine al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir pakete yetmez ama evet denmez mi![\/foot]<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131n 2. Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulu\u015funun tamamlama \u00e7abas\u0131 oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/p>\n
Ancak burada hemen s\u00f6ylemek gerekiyor ki, 2. Cumhuriyet yaln\u0131zca AKP\u2019nin rejimi de\u011fildir. Hi\u00e7bir zaman da \u00f6yle olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonraki yaz\u0131larda de\u011ferlendirmek \u00fczere, \u015fu kadar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyelim ki; ba\u015fkanl\u0131k sistemi do\u011frudan sermaye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Sermaye, \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n daha \u201cdo\u011frudan\u201d temsil edilmesini istiyor, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 karar mekanizmalar\u0131 hayata ge\u00e7iriliyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de olan da merkezile\u015fme ile birlikte daha etkili bir konuma gelinmesidir. D\u00fczenlemelerin do\u011frudan sermaye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ile ba\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fundan ku\u015fku duyulmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Laikli\u011fe ayk\u0131r\u0131 uygulamalar sermaye s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201co kadar da\u201d sorun de\u011fildir. Referandumun hemen ertesinde i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n \u201crahatlam\u0131\u015f\u201d mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
Ku\u015fkusuz T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sahici (ve \u00f6nemli) bir tarafla\u015fma vard\u0131r. Ancak buna dair, \u00f6rne\u011fin AKP iktidar\u0131 ile emperyalizm aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan gerilimlere\/ \u00e7eli\u015fkilere de\u011fil, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin toplumsal dinamikleri ile 2. Cumhuriyet rejimi aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkilere bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011feri \u00f6nemsiz oldu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 de\u011fil, mutlakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan ve daha \u00f6nemlisi ya\u015fanan s\u0131k\u0131\u015fman\u0131n temelinde yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131.<\/p>\n
En ba\u015fta dedi\u011fimiz gibi, ne anayasa tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131ktan ne de \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 anayasadan ibarettir.<\/p>\n
Tart\u0131\u015fma cumhuriyet tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
16 Nisan Anayasa referandumu geldi ve ge\u00e7ti. \u00d6ncesinde yap\u0131lan tart\u0131\u015fmalarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla dile getirdi\u011fimiz bir husus vard\u0131. Diyorduk ki; ne anayasa tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015fkanl\u0131ktan ne de \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki d\u00f6nemin tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 anayasadan ibarettir. Ku\u015fkusuz bunu dillendirirken ba\u015fkanl\u0131k ve anayasa tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsizle\u015ftirme amac\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131yorduk. Aksine bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorduk. Halen de \u00f6nemini korumaktalar. Ancak tam da bu \u00f6nem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[135,87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mercek","category-sayilar-7"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2319","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2319"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2319\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}