{"id":2330,"date":"2017-08-28T02:15:32","date_gmt":"2017-08-27T23:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=2330"},"modified":"2020-04-11T19:30:12","modified_gmt":"2020-04-11T16:30:12","slug":"yuksek-secim-kurulunun-16-nisan-2017-halkoylamasina-iliskin-verdigi-muhursuz-zarf-ve-pusula-karari-ve-bu-karara-iliskin-basvuru-yollari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=2330","title":{"rendered":"Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun 16 Nisan 2017 Halkoylamas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin Verdi\u011fi \u201cM\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz Zarf ve Pusula\u201d Karar\u0131 ve Bu Karara \u0130li\u015fkin Ba\u015fvuru Yollar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">100 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir parlamenter sistemi uygulayan Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk Anayasa gelene\u011finin aksine \u201cT\u00fcrk tipi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u201d sisteminin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 6771 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131nda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun, 16 Nisan 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda halkoyuna sunulmu\u015ftur. 16 Nisan 2017 tarihinde halkoylamas\u0131, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kadar oylaman\u0131n do\u011fu illerinde bitti\u011fi, bat\u0131 illerinde ise bitmesine az bir vakit kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlarda Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir kararla<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131nda kalmaya devam etmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Buna g\u00f6re Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan getirilmedi\u011fi konusunda \u015f\u00fcphe bulunmayan hallerde, sand\u0131k kurullar\u0131n\u0131n hata veya ihmali sonucu m\u00fch\u00fcrlenmeyen oy zarf\u0131 ve oy pusulas\u0131 ile kulland\u0131r\u0131lan oylar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fine oybirli\u011fiyle karar vermi\u015ftir. Karar\u0131n, 298 Say\u0131l\u0131 Se\u00e7imlerin Temel H\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve Se\u00e7men K\u00fct\u00fckleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 98. ve 101. maddelerinin a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde m\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz zarf ve \u00a0pusulalar\u0131 ge\u00e7erli kabul etmesi yo\u011fun itirazlara sebep olmu\u015f ve ba\u015fta Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Halklar\u0131n Demokratik Partisi, Vatan Partisi olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok se\u00e7menin bu karara ili\u015fkin Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019na itirazda bulunmas\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur. Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu bu itirazlar\u0131 19 Nisan 2017 tarihli karar\u0131yla oy\u00e7oklu\u011fuyla reddetmi\u015ftir. Bu de\u011ferlendirmede \u00f6ncelikle Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun bu kararlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin k\u0131sa bir de\u011ferlendirme yap\u0131lacak ve ard\u0131ndan bu kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 hangi ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk yollar\u0131na gidilebilece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun 560 Numaral\u0131 M\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz Oy Zarf\u0131 ve Pusulas\u0131 Karar\u0131: Kanun Devleti\u2019nden Bile Geriye Do\u011fru Bir Gidi\u015f mi?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">298 Say\u0131l\u0131 Se\u00e7imlerin Temel H\u00fck\u00fcmleri ve Se\u00e7men K\u00fct\u00fckleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 98. maddesinin 4. f\u0131kras\u0131 \u015fu h\u00fckm\u00fc i\u00e7ermektedir: \u201c<em>Sand\u0131k kurulunca verilen bi\u00e7im ve renkte olmayan, \u00fczerinde il\u00e7e se\u00e7im kurulu ve sand\u0131k kurulu m\u00fchr\u00fc bulunmayan,(\u2026.). zarflar ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131l\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d Ayn\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 2010 senesinde yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fiklikle son halini alm\u0131\u015f olan \u00a0\u201cGe\u00e7erli Olmayan Oy Pusulalar\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 101. maddesinin 3. bendi ise \u201c<em>arkas\u0131nda sand\u0131k kurulu m\u00fchr\u00fc bulunmayan<\/em>\u201d oy pusulalar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7ersiz olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmi\u015ftir. Kanun\u2019un bu a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131n, YSK \u00f6zetle zarf ve pusulalar\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcrlenmemesinde se\u00e7menin bir kusuru olmamas\u0131 ve A\u0130HS\u2019nin 1 Numaral\u0131 Ek Protokol\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 3. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u201cserbest se\u00e7im hakk\u0131n\u0131\u201d gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek m\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz oy ve pusulalar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131na h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir. Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019na g\u00f6re Kanun\u2019un oy pusulas\u0131 ve zarflar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcrl\u00fc olmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmesinin amac\u0131, sahte oy kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemektir ve sahte oyu engelleyecek tek \u00f6nlem zarf ve pusulan\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcrlenmesi de\u011fildir. \u00dczerinde Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun filigran\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 bu \u00f6nlemlerden biridir. Bu sebeple \u00fczerinde m\u00fch\u00fcr olmasa da YSK filigran\u0131 i\u00e7eren pusulalar\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan getirilmedi\u011fi ispatlanmad\u0131k\u00e7a oyun ge\u00e7ersizli\u011finden s\u00f6z edilemez.\u00a0 Bu de\u011ferlendirme, kanunun lafz\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir yorumu i\u00e7ermektedir ve hukuk y\u00f6ntemi b\u00f6yle bir yoruma (<em>contra legem<\/em>) cevaz vermemektedir.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu noktada YSK karar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in A\u0130HS\u2019nin 1 Numaral\u0131 Ek Protokol\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn \u201cserbest se\u00e7im hakk\u0131n\u0131\u201d d\u00fczenleyen 3. maddesine ve Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 90. maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki usul\u00fcne g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmu\u015f temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere ili\u015fkin milletleraras\u0131 antla\u015fmalarla kanunlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 konuda farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7ermesi nedeniyle \u00e7\u0131kabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda milletleraras\u0131 andla\u015fma h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin esas al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren h\u00fckme at\u0131f yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin ilgili h\u00fckm\u00fc serbest se\u00e7im hakk\u0131n\u0131 sadece \u201cyasay\u0131c\u0131 se\u00e7imleri\u201d ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmak ko\u015fuluyla koruma alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r ve S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin sadece bu olayda uygulama alan\u0131 bulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin kad\u0131n\u0131n soyad\u0131na ili\u015fkin Sevim Akat E\u015fki karar\u0131nda<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a> ortaya koydu\u011fu \u201cz\u0131mni ilga\u201d doktrininin 298 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un m\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz zarf ve pusulalar\u0131n ge\u00e7ersiz olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 98 ve 101. maddeleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n olana\u011f\u0131 bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Nitekim bunun fark\u0131nda olan YSK da karar\u0131nda her ne kadar halkoylamas\u0131n\u0131n A\u0130HS kapsam\u0131nda korunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtse de hakk\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fc itibariyle bu hakka at\u0131f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. YSK\u2019n\u0131n kullanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bu ifade, anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rl\u0131ktan uzakt\u0131r. Anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi i\u00e7eri\u011finin yasama meclisine ili\u015fkin geni\u015f d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7erdi\u011fini ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ilgili referandumun bu hak kapsam\u0131nda oldu\u011funu varsayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zaman ise \u015f\u00f6yle bir sorun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r: Serbest se\u00e7im hakk\u0131, bu hakk\u0131n korunmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda se\u00e7im g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na \u00f6zel \u00f6nem vermektedir ve YSK\u2019n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z ard\u0131 etti\u011fi 298 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 98 ve 101. maddeleri tam da bunu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in getirilmi\u015flerdir. Bu sebeple A\u0130HS kapsam\u0131ndaki serbest se\u00e7im hakk\u0131, bu olayda m\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz oy pusulalar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de\u011fil, ancak ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir gerek\u00e7e olarak ortaya konabilir.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu karar\u0131n anayasa hukuku a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011furdu\u011fu bir ba\u015fka sorun i\u015fe \u015fudur: 298 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019da 2010 senesinde yap\u0131lan yasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile TBMM iradesini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymu\u015ftur; YSK buna ra\u011fmen somut olayda m\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz pusula ve zarflar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmas\u0131na karar vererek yasa koyucunun iradesinin \u00fcst\u00fcne kendi iradesini koymu\u015ftur. Bu durum \u015f\u00fcphesiz Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir kimse veya organ\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Anayasa\u2019dan almayan bir devlet yetkisi kullanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirten 6. maddesine de ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k te\u015fkil etmektedir. Nitekim karar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu, al\u0131nan karar ile YSK\u2019n\u0131n kendisini yasa koyucu yerine koydu\u011funu YSK\u2019n\u0131n itirazlara ili\u015fkin verdi\u011fi kararda<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a> kar\u015f\u0131 oy yazan Yarg\u0131\u00e7 Cengiz Topakta\u015f da belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00fcm bu gerek\u00e7elerle Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun \u00fczerinde sand\u0131k kurulu m\u00fchr\u00fc bulunmayan zarf ve pusulalar\u0131n ge\u00e7erli say\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin 560 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu, bu karar\u0131yla hukuk devletinden de \u00f6te, bir kanun devletinin standartlar\u0131n\u0131n dahi alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu Karar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Ulusal ve Uluslararas\u0131 Ba\u015fvuru Yollar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>YSK Kararlar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Ulusal Hukuk Yollar\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n se\u00e7imlerin y\u00f6netimi ve denetimi ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 79. Maddesinde, se\u00e7imin d\u00fczen i\u00e7inde y\u00f6netimi ve d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ilgili b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015flemleri yapma ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc karar\u0131 alman\u0131n yan\u0131nda se\u00e7ime ili\u015fkin her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015fikayet ve itiraz\u0131 kesin karara ba\u011flama yetkisinin Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nda oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 maddede Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 hi\u00e7bir merciie ba\u015fvurulamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmektedir. Se\u00e7im uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesinin ola\u011fan yarg\u0131 yollar\u0131na de\u011fil bu \u015fekilde kurulmu\u015f \u00f6zel bir organa havale edilmesine \u201cse\u00e7im denetiminin kapal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d ilkesi ad\u0131 verilmektedir.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a> Bu ba\u011flamda her ne kadar Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun hukuki niteli\u011finin tespiti se\u00e7imlerin y\u00f6netim ve denetim i\u015flevleri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek yap\u0131labilirse de<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>, se\u00e7imlerin y\u00f6netim i\u015flevine ili\u015fkin olan idari kararlar\u0131 dahi ba\u015fka bir ola\u011fan yarg\u0131 organ\u0131nda dava konusu edilemez. Bu sebeple Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu kararlar\u0131n\u0131 idari\/yarg\u0131sal olarak ay\u0131r\u0131p, y\u00f6netime ili\u015fkin olan idari kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019a g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmesi hukuken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a> YSK\u2019n\u0131n se\u00e7imin y\u00f6netimine ili\u015fkin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve idari i\u015flem niteli\u011finde kararlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar YSK\u2019n\u0131n bu sefer yarg\u0131sal fonksiyon icra ederek denetlemesi \u015f\u00fcphesiz temel hukuk ilkelerine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir durumdur.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a> Ancak bu durum ba\u015fka bir yetkisiz yarg\u0131 organ\u0131na, se\u00e7im uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin ba\u015fvurulabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmez.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yine bu ba\u011flamda YSK kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019ne bireysel ba\u015fvuru yoluna gidilip gidilemeyece\u011fi konusu g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n bireysel ba\u015fvuruyu da d\u00fczenleyen 148. maddesi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kamu g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn ihlali iddias\u0131yla bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunulabilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015fken, 6216 say\u0131l\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin Kurulu\u015f ve Yarg\u0131lama Usulleri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019un 45. maddesinin 3. f\u0131kras\u0131, Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 ile Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n yarg\u0131 denetimi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemlere kar\u015f\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmektedir. Bu noktada \u00f6\u011fretide baz\u0131 yazarlarca, YSK kararlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda idari\/yarg\u0131sal karar \u015feklinde bir ayr\u0131ma gidilmi\u015f ve YSK\u2019n\u0131n yarg\u0131 yeri s\u0131fat\u0131yla verdi\u011fi nihai h\u00fck\u00fcmlere kar\u015f\u0131 bireysel ba\u015fvuru yolunun a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu, Anayasa koyucunun 79. maddesindeki \u201cmerci\u201d kavram\u0131 ile ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a> Burada, YSK\u2019n\u0131n idari ve yarg\u0131sal olarak ikili i\u015flevine dikkat<span style=\"text-decoration: line-through;\">e<\/span> \u00e7ekilerek, anayasa koyucunun ba\u015fka bir merciie ba\u015fvurulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kararlar\u0131n yarg\u0131 kararlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu yorumu yap\u0131larak, burada s\u00f6z konusu olan\u0131n zaten se\u00e7im yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst mahkemesi olan YSK\u2019n\u0131n kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka bir yarg\u0131sal makamca ola\u011fan yarg\u0131 yolunda denetlenemeyece\u011fi hususu oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0 Ancak bireysel ba\u015fvuru ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir hukuk yolu olarak bu kapsamda de\u011ferlendirilmemeli ve bu sebeple istisnai bir yol olan Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019ne ba\u015fvuruda bulunulmas\u0131na bir engel bulunulmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 79. maddesindeki h\u00fckm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu ve YSK kararlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda idari\/yarg\u0131sal karar \u015feklinde bir ayr\u0131m yap\u0131larak idari nitelikte olmayan kararlar i\u00e7in herhangi bir merciie ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Konu Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin (AYM) \u00f6n\u00fcne geldi\u011finde ise AYM, se\u00e7im uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131na ili\u015fkin ilk karar\u0131nda<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a> il\u00e7e se\u00e7im kurulunun yarg\u0131sal bir fonksiyon y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirterek ba\u015fvuruyu kabul edilebilir bulmu\u015f; ancak esasa ili\u015fkin verdi\u011fi kararda ihlal karar\u0131 vermemi\u015ftir. Ancak Anayasa Mahkemesi, 7 Haziran 2015 milletvekili genel se\u00e7imlerine ili\u015fkin YSK kararlar\u0131na dair O\u011fuz Oyan<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a> ve Atilla Sertel<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a> kararlar\u0131nda Anayasa koyucunun Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun kararlar\u0131 aleyhine Anayasa Mahkemesi dahil ba\u015fka merciie ba\u015fvurulmamas\u0131n\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna vararak, ba\u015fvurular\u0131 konu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan kabul edilemez bulmu\u015ftur.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a> AYM\u2019ye g\u00f6re YSK kararlar\u0131n\u0131n idari yahut yarg\u0131sal karar olarak nitelendirilmesinin kararlar\u0131n\u0131n kesinli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir \u00f6nemi bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Mahkeme\u2019ye g\u00f6re, YSK kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 bu kararlar nas\u0131l nitelendirilirse nitelendirilsin, hi\u00e7bir merciie ba\u015fvurulamaz.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019ne ba\u015fvurman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki bir di\u011fer engel ise bireysel ba\u015fvurunun koruma alan\u0131na ili\u015fkindir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n bireysel ba\u015fvuruyu d\u00fczenleyen 148. maddesi, ancak Anayasa ve Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin ortak koruma alan\u0131nda koruma alan\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f haklar\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fi iddias\u0131yla bireysel ba\u015fvuruda bulunabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 67. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen se\u00e7me ve se\u00e7ilme hakk\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0 koruma alan\u0131 yasama se\u00e7imleriyle birlikte halkoylamas\u0131, mahalli idarelerin se\u00e7imleri, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imleri ve hatta meslek odalar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imlerini dahi kapsamaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n A\u0130HS\u2019ne Ek 1 Nolu Protokol\u2019\u00fcn serbest se\u00e7im hakk\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen 3. maddesi ise sadece s\u00f6zle\u015fmeci devletlerin yasama se\u00e7imlerine ili\u015fkin bir d\u00fczenleme i\u00e7ermektedir. Nitekim bu ba\u011flamda Anayasa Mahkemesi, 30 Mart 2014 tarihinde yap\u0131lan Ankara B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerine ili\u015fkin Mansur Yava\u015f ve Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi ba\u015fvurusunda<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a>,\u00a0 mahalli idare se\u00e7imlerinin Anayasa ve A\u0130HS ile buna ek T\u00fcrkiye&#8217;nin taraf oldu\u011fu protokollerin ortak koruma alan\u0131na girmedi\u011finden bahisle ba\u015fvurunun \u201ckonu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetkisizlik\u201d sebebiyle kabul edilemez oldu\u011funa karar vermi\u015ftir. Mahkeme, bu i\u00e7tihad\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015fka kararlar\u0131nda da s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ara bir sonu\u00e7 olarak 16 Nisan halkoylamas\u0131na ili\u015fkin Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019ne bireysel ba\u015fvuru yolunun kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu tespit edilebilir.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>YSK Karar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Uluslararas\u0131 Hukuk Yollar\u0131 <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">16 Nisan 2017 referandumuna ili\u015fkin verilen YSK kararlar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan g\u00fcndeme gelen di\u011fer bir husus ise bu kararlara kar\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7 hukuk yollar\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namamas\u0131 durumunda uluslararas\u0131 hukuk yollar\u0131na gidilip gidilemeyece\u011fidir. Bu noktada akla ilk olarak Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesi gelmektedir. Ancak yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin \u201cserbest se\u00e7im hakk\u0131n\u0131\u201d d\u00fczenleyen 1 Numaral\u0131 Ek Protokol\u2019\u00fcn 3. maddesinde sadece yasama meclisine ili\u015fkin se\u00e7imler d\u00fczenlenmektedir. Buna g\u00f6re yasama i\u015flemi niteli\u011finde kural koyma hakk\u0131na sahip organlara<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a> dair yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imler bu hakk\u0131n koruma alan\u0131na girmektedir. Bu sebeple Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imleri, yerel se\u00e7imler<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a> ve referandumlar<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a> bu hakk\u0131n koruma alan\u0131nda yer almamaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n 16 Nisan 2017 tarihinde halkoylamas\u0131na sunulan 6771 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un i\u00e7eri\u011fine bak\u0131larak bunun bu hakk\u0131n kapsam\u0131na sokulabilece\u011fini savunan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re halkoylamas\u0131na sunulan Kanun\u2019un Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019na tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fta Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararnameleri ve parlamentonun fesih yetkisi gibi yetkilerin yasama organ\u0131 ile ili\u015fkisi kurularak, ba\u015fvurunun A\u0130HS ba\u011flam\u0131nda serbest se\u00e7im hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin oldu\u011fu iddia edilebilir.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a> Ancak Mahkeme\u2019nin serbest se\u00e7im hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin hususlarda sergiledi\u011fi \u00e7ekingen yakla\u015f\u0131m da dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Mahkeme\u2019nin \u015fu ana kadarki d\u00fczenli i\u00e7tihad\u0131ndan bir sapma sergilemesi \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ihtimaldir.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bu noktada akla gelen bir di\u011fer yol ise Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komitesi\u2019dir.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a> Komite, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin de taraf oldu\u011fu Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Medeni ve Siyasal Haklar S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin yarg\u0131 organ\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019ye taraf devletlerin \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 konusunda uzman vatanda\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan 4 y\u0131ll\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ilen 18 uzmandan olu\u015fan Komite, bu S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019ye Ek 1 No\u2019lu Protokol\u00fcn y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten bu yana bireysel ba\u015fvurular\u0131 kabul etmektedir.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a> Bu S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 16 Nisan 2017 halkoylamas\u0131 sonras\u0131 geli\u015fen tart\u0131\u015fmalar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi ise, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 25. maddesinde yer alan se\u00e7me ve siyasal kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131n\u0131n koruma alan\u0131nda yatmaktad\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019de koruma alt\u0131na al\u0131nan se\u00e7im ve kat\u0131lma hakk\u0131, A\u0130HS\u2019in aksine sadece yasay\u0131c\u0131 se\u00e7imleri ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmamakta, referandum<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a>, yerel se\u00e7imler, devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imi vb. her t\u00fcrl\u00fc se\u00e7ime ili\u015fkin oy hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almaktad\u0131r. Tam bu noktada Komite\u2019nin bu maddeye ili\u015fkin 12 Temmuz 1996 tarihli genel yorumu<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a>, \u201c<em>oy sand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011finin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini<\/em>\u201d belirtmekte ve \u201c<em>se\u00e7menlerin oylaman\u0131n gizlili\u011fi ve oylar\u0131n say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00fcvenebilmesi i\u00e7in oylama i\u015flemi, sayma i\u015flemi, yarg\u0131sal g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irme ve benzeri i\u015flemler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir se\u00e7im kontrol\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi gerekti\u011fini<\/em>\u201d ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a>\u00a0Bu bilgiler \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 16 Nisan 2017 halkoylamas\u0131nda ya\u015fanan usuls\u00fczl\u00fcklere ili\u015fkin Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komitesi\u2019ne bireysel ba\u015fvuru yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7 Yerine<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun 6771 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131\u2019nda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun\u2019a ili\u015fkin halkoylamas\u0131nda vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u201cm\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz zarf ve pusulalar\u0131n\u201d ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki karar, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak YSK\u2019n\u0131n kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fka bir merciie ba\u015fvurulamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 79. maddesi ve AYM\u2019nin i\u00e7tihad\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda ulusal hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u015fvurulabilecek bir hukuk yolu bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 hukuk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ise referandumlara ili\u015fkin A\u0130HM\u2019e bireysel ba\u015fvuru yolu, S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin koruma alan\u0131 sadece yasama se\u00e7imlerini kapsad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ilke olarak kapal\u0131d\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n referanduma ili\u015fkin BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komitesi\u2019ne bireysel ba\u015fvuru yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Bkz. Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun 560 numaral\u0131 ve 16 Nisan 2017 Tarihli Karar\u0131. Karar 16 Nisan 2017 tarihinde al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve sand\u0131k kurullar\u0131na k\u0131sa mesaj yolu (SMS) ile bildirildi\u011fi halde, gerek\u00e7eli karar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131 halkoylamas\u0131ndan tam 2 g\u00fcn sonra 18 Nisan 2017 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u015e\u00fcphesiz bu durum, se\u00e7imlerin y\u00f6netimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir idari organ olan Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun idarenin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemlerin gerek\u00e7esini a\u00e7\u0131klama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihmal etti\u011fini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck hakk\u0131nda bkz. Z. Hac\u0131muratlar, Gerek\u00e7e \u0130lkesinin \u0130dari Usul Kurumu I\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda De\u011ferlendirilmesi, Legal Hukuk Dergisi- Rona Aybay\u2019a Arma\u011fan 1.Cilt, s. 1284 vd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Bkz T. \u015eirin, YSK Karar\u0131 ve Hukukun Zehirli Engerekleri, <a href=\"https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/siyaset\/185774-ysk-karari-ve-hukukun-zehirli-engerekleri\">https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/siyaset\/185774-ysk-karari-ve-hukukun-zehirli-engerekleri<\/a> (Eri\u015fim tarihi 23.04.2017) \u00a0Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde K. G\u00f6zler, M\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz Oy Tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131: YSK\u2019n\u0131n 16 Nisan 2017 Tarih ve 560 Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Bir \u0130nceleme, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.anayasa.gen.tr\/muhursuz.html\">http:\/\/www.anayasa.gen.tr\/muhursuz.html<\/a>\u00a0 Eri\u015fim tarihi 23.04.2017)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Bkz. AYM, Sevim Akat E\u015fki Ba\u015fvurusu (Ba\u015fvuru No:2013\/2187). AYM, bu karar\u0131nda evli kad\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131z evlilik \u00f6ncesi soyad\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak istemesini engelleyen Medeni Kanun\u2019un 187. maddesinin, A\u0130HM\u2019in konuya ili\u015fkin verdi\u011fi ihlal kararlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda z\u0131mni olarak ilga edildi\u011fini belirtmi\u015f ve bu sebeple m\u00fcdahalenin kanuni olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle ba\u015fvurucunun maddi-manevi varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirme hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> Nitekim benzer bir olayda A\u0130HM, Bulgaristan Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin 2009 Parlamento Se\u00e7imlerinde T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki se\u00e7im merkezlerinde kullan\u0131lan oylar\u0131, tutanaklardaki imza eksikli\u011fi sebebiyle ge\u00e7ersiz saymas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir yasal bir d\u00fczenleme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle serbest se\u00e7im hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini tespit etmi\u015ftir. Bkz. R\u0131za ve Di\u011ferleri v. Bulgaristan (Ba\u015fvuru No:\u00a0 48555\/10 &amp; 48377\/10). Oysa 16 Nisan referandumunda ya\u015fanan \u201cm\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz zarf ve pusula\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda ise bu olay\u0131n aksine 298 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir, a\u00e7\u0131k yasal d\u00fczenlemeler i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Bkz. Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun 19.04.2017 tarihli ve 573 numaral\u0131\u00a0 karar\u0131, s. 16 vd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u00a0 Bu noktada tarihsel bir an\u0131msatma yapmak gerekmektedir. Tanzimat Ferman\u0131\u2019n\u0131 takip eden s\u00fcre\u00e7te Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda ba\u015flayan yo\u011fun kanunla\u015ft\u0131rma hareketi, Osmanl\u0131 b\u00fcrokrasisinde ciddi bir \u201ckanun devleti\u201d anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ve bu, b\u00fcrokratlarda kanunlara riayet etme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde hassasiyet do\u011furmu\u015ftur. \u00d6yle ki ilk defa \u201ch\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n da hukuk-\u0131 millete\u201d tabi olmas\u0131ndan bahsedilmektedir. Bkz. \u0130. Ortayl\u0131, \u0130mparatorlu\u011fun En Uzun Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131, Tima\u015f Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, s.109. \u00dcz\u00fclerek belirtmek gerekir ki YSK bu karar\u0131yla, 200 senelik Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk anayasal geli\u015fmelerinde Tanzimat d\u00f6neminin dahi gerisine d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Bkz. A. Agner, Kommentar zum \u00a7 48 BVerfGG, in:\u00a0 Bundesverfassungsgerichtsgesetz: Mitarbeiterkommentar, 2 Auflage, Heidelberg 2005, Kn 10. \u00a0Se\u00e7im uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr \u00f6zel bir yarg\u0131 yolunun \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesinin, etkin bir hukuki korumay\u0131 anayasal g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ihlal etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine kar\u015f\u0131n; her iki anayasal de\u011ferin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131p tam aksine uyumla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Alman doktrininde belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bkz.\u00a0 W.R. Schenke, Der gerichtliche Rechtschutz im Wahlrecht, NJW 1981, s. 2442.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Bkz. N. Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131o\u011flu, 3 Kas\u0131m 2002 Se\u00e7imi \u00dczerindeki G\u00f6lgeler, Erdo\u011fan Tezi\u00e7\u2019e Arma\u011fan, Galatasaray \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, No:5, s. 186.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">YSK\u2019n\u0131n bir mahkeme olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fma Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin de \u00f6n\u00fcne gitmi\u015ftir. Mahkeme 1982 Anayasas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde, 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu bir karar\u0131nda Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun yarg\u0131sal bir fonksiyon da icra etti\u011fini belirtmekle beraber, Kurul\u2019un mahkeme olarak nitelendirilemeyece\u011fine h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Bkz. AYM, E:1992\/12 K: 1992\/7.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Nitekim Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, YSK\u2019n\u0131n m\u00fch\u00fcrs\u00fcz oy zarf ve pusulalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin karar\u0131n\u0131n bir idari i\u015flem oldu\u011fundan bahisle Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019da iptal davas\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f ve bu dava Dan\u0131\u015ftay taraf\u0131ndan hakl\u0131 olarak yetkisizlik sebebiyle oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla reddedilmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Kar\u015f\u0131 oy yaz\u0131s\u0131nda ise Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019\u0131n tam kanunsuzluk durumlar\u0131nda yetkili olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi savunulmu\u015ftur. Bkz. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/son-dakika-danistaydan-referandum-icin-kararini-verdi-40437755\">http:\/\/www.hurriyet.com.tr\/son-dakika-danistaydan-referandum-icin-kararini-verdi-40437755<\/a> (Eri\u015fim tarihi: 25.04.2017).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Bu durum\u00a0 <em>nemo iudex in sua causa<\/em> olarak da bilinen \u201ckimse kendi davas\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131c\u0131 olamaz\u201d ilkesini ihlal etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>\u00a0 AYM Raport\u00f6r\u00fc Ayhan K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 da\u00a0 bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc savunmaktad\u0131r. Bkz. A. K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu Kararlar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Bireysel Ba\u015fvuru, Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k Mahkemesi Dergisi, Say\u0131 3, s. 41 vd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7. s. 69.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, s. 70.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Bkz. K.\u00a0 G\u00f6zler, YSK Kararlar\u0131n\u0131n Kesinli\u011fi \u00dczerine, YSK\u2019n\u0131n Referandumla \u0130lgili Kararlar\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131\u00a0 Avrupa \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Mahkemesine, Anayasa Mahkemesine veya Dan\u0131\u015ftaya Ba\u015fvurulabilir mi?, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.anayasa.gen.tr\/ysk-baglayicilik.html\">http:\/\/www.anayasa.gen.tr\/ysk-baglayicilik.html<\/a> (Eri\u015fim tarihi: 24.04.2017)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> Bkz. AYM, \u0130smail Ta\u015fp\u0131nar Ba\u015fvurusu, (Ba\u015fvuru No:\u00a0 2013\/3912).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> AYM, O\u011fuz Oyan Ba\u015fvurusu (Ba\u015fvuru No: 2015\/ 8818).\u00a0 Ba\u015fvurucu, CHP milletvekili ve 7 Haziran se\u00e7imlerinde milletvekili aday\u0131d\u0131r. Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan\u2019\u0131n se\u00e7im kampanyas\u0131 d\u00f6neminde yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu konu\u015fmalar\u0131n, tarafs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda partiler aras\u0131 f\u0131rsat e\u015fitli\u011fini ihlal etti\u011fi iddias\u0131yla, YSK\u2019ya ba\u015fvurmu\u015f ve Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu konu\u015fmalar\u0131n televizyonlarda yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir. Ancak YSK, Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u015flemleri denetlemeyece\u011finden bahisle bu talebi reddetmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, bu karar\u0131n serbest se\u00e7im hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> AYM, Atilla Sertel Ba\u015fvurusu ( Ba\u015fvuru No: 2015\/6723). \u00a0\u00a0Ba\u015fvurucu, 7 Haziran 2015 se\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi\u2019nden milletvekili aday\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f; ancak adayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 YSK taraf\u0131ndan belirlenen takvimde Kurul\u2019ca kamu g\u00f6revi kabul edilen Bas\u0131n \u0130lan Kurumu \u00fcyeli\u011finden istifa etmedi\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle iptal edilmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu, adayl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iptal edilmesinin se\u00e7ilme hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fini belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> YSK, her iki kararda da\u00a0 genetik yorum y\u00f6ntemine ba\u015fvurarak Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 79. maddesinin gerek\u00e7esinde yer alan \u201c\u2026Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu kararlar\u0131n\u0131n kesinli\u011fi ve bunlara uyulmas\u0131 teredd\u00fctlere yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bu maddeye Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu kararlar\u0131 aleyhine ba\u015fka bir mercie ba\u015fvurulamayaca\u011f\u0131 esas\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir.\u201d \u015feklindeki ifadesini esas alarak karar\u0131n\u0131 bi\u00e7imlendirmi\u015ftir. Genetik yorum metoduna ili\u015fkin bkz. B. E. Oder, Anayasa Yarg\u0131s\u0131nda Yorum Y\u00f6ntemleri, Beta Yay\u0131nevi, \u0130stanbul 2010, s. 80 vd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> AYM, Mansur Yava\u015f ve Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi Ba\u015fvurusu (Ba\u015fvuru No:2014\/5425).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u00d6rne\u011fin Mahkeme, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imlerine adayl\u0131k ba\u015fvurusu reddedilen Ahmet \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkan\u2019\u0131n yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bireysel ba\u015fvuruyu, Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7iminin Anayasa ve A\u0130HS\u2019in ortak koruma alan\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle kabul edilemez bulmu\u015ftur. Bkz. AYM, Ahmet \u00c7al\u0131\u015fkan Ba\u015fvurusu (Bireysel Ba\u015fvuru No: 2014\/11717).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> Mahkeme, federal devletlerde federe devletlerin parlamentolar\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan se\u00e7imlerin de bu hakk\u0131n koruma alan\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirtmektedir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> Nitekim A\u0130HM, yukar\u0131da da bahsedilen 2014 Ankara B\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehir Se\u00e7imlerine ili\u015fkin yap\u0131lan bireysel ba\u015fvuruyu da kabul edilemez bulmu\u015ftur. Bkz. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ntv.com.tr\/turkiye\/aihmden-chp-ve-mansur-yavasin-basvurusuna-ret,Ox4xGhG7mUuYuUWv67LW8w\">http:\/\/www.ntv.com.tr\/turkiye\/aihmden-chp-ve-mansur-yavasin-basvurusuna-ret,Ox4xGhG7mUuYuUWv67LW8w<\/a> (Eri\u015fim tarihi: 26.04.2017)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> Bkz. A\u0130HK, Bader v Avusturya (Ba\u015fvuru No:\u00a0 26633\/95). Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde bkz.\u00a0 A\u0130HM Hilbe v Liechenstein ( Ba\u015fvuru No: 31981\/96).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> Eski A\u0130HM yarg\u0131c\u0131 R\u0131za T\u00fcrmen de bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ftedir. \u00a0T\u00fcrmen, A\u0130HM\u2019nin Mclean and Cole v Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k karar\u0131nda kullanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu \u201creferandumun do\u011fas\u0131\u201d ifadesine\u00a0 at\u0131fla 6771 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 bir sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilece\u011fi kan\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bkz. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/724542\/Eski_AiHM_Yargici_Riza_Turmen_cevapladi__Referandum_sonucu_AiHM_e_tasinirsa_ne_olur_.html\">http:\/\/www.cumhuriyet.com.tr\/haber\/turkiye\/724542\/Eski_AiHM_Yargici_Riza_Turmen_cevapladi__Referandum_sonucu_AiHM_e_tasinirsa_ne_olur_.html<\/a>(Eri\u015fim tarihi: 26.04.2017) Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde bkz. \u0130. G. \u015een, Referanduma Kar\u015f\u0131 A\u0130HM\u2019e Ba\u015fvurulabilir Mi?\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/hukuk\/185796-referanduma-karsi-aihm-e-basvurulabilir-mi\">https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/hukuk\/185796-referanduma-karsi-aihm-e-basvurulabilir-mi<\/a>\u00a0 (Eri\u015fim tarihi:26.04.2017)\u00a0 \u015een, Mahkeme\u2019nin daha \u00f6nce Almanya\u2019daki A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Saksonya Eyaletindeki Parlamentosunu g\u00f6rev s\u00fcresini 4 seneden 5 seneye \u00e7\u0131karan anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini serbest se\u00e7im hakk\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda incelemesinin, bu ba\u015fvuru i\u00e7in de emsal olabilece\u011fi kan\u0131s\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> Bkz. T. \u015eirin, YSK Karar\u0131 ve Hukukun Zehirli Engerekleri, https:\/\/bianet.org\/bianet\/siyaset\/185774-ysk-karari-ve-hukukun-zehirli-engerekleri (Eri\u015fim tarihi 23.04.2017).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> BM \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Komitesine bireysel ba\u015fvuru yolu 2014 yerel se\u00e7imleri sonras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan tart\u0131\u015fmalar s\u0131ras\u0131nda da az say\u0131da kamu hukuk\u00e7usu taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerilmi\u015f ancak maalesef bu \u00f6neriler g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmi\u015ftir. Bu \u00f6nerilere \u00f6rnek i\u00e7in bkz. B. Gemalmaz, Yerel Se\u00e7im ve Hukuk, <a href=\"https:\/\/burakgemalmaz.com\/2014\/04\/08\/yerel-secim-ve-hukuk\/\">https:\/\/burakgemalmaz.com\/2014\/04\/08\/yerel-secim-ve-hukuk\/<\/a>\u00a0 (Eri\u015fim tarihi: 23.04.2017)\u00a0 Ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde T. \u015eirin, Yerel Se\u00e7im ve Bireysel Ba\u015fvuru Sorunu: \u201cMansur Yava\u015f Olay\u0131\u201d, \u00c7evre-\u0130nsan-Devlet: Anayasa Hukuku \u00dczerine G\u00fcncel Yaz\u0131lar, (\u0130stanbul: Tekin Yay., 2015), s. 192 vd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> M. Erdo\u011fan, \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Teorisi ve Hukuku, Orion Kitabevi, G\u00f6zden Ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f 3. Bask\u0131, s. 318-319.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u00d6rne\u011fin bkz.\u00a0 BM \u0130HK, Gillot v. Fransa (Ba\u015fvuru No: 932\/2000). Ba\u015fvurucular, Yeni Kaledonya\u2019da 1998 senesinde yap\u0131lacak referandumda oy kullanamad\u0131klar\u0131ndan bahisle S\u00f6zle\u015fme\u2019nin 25. maddesindeki haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini\u00a0 ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler; ancak Komite ba\u015fvuruya konu olan olayda ba\u015fvurucular\u0131n iddialar\u0131n\u0131n aksine bir ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> Komite\u2019nin 25. maddeye yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu yorum i\u00e7in bkz. L. Uyar (Derleyen), Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019de \u0130nsan Haklar\u0131 Yorumlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul Bilgi \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Istanbul 2006, s. 75 vd.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/35A9D2EB-FCA4-4F48-A66D-A692D9860F71#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> a.g.e , s.81<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>100 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir parlamenter sistemi uygulayan Osmanl\u0131-T\u00fcrk Anayasa gelene\u011finin aksine \u201cT\u00fcrk tipi ba\u015fkanl\u0131k\u201d sisteminin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren 6771 Say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti Anayasas\u0131nda De\u011fi\u015fiklik Yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Kanun, 16 Nisan 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda halkoyuna sunulmu\u015ftur. 16 Nisan 2017 tarihinde halkoylamas\u0131, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kadar oylaman\u0131n do\u011fu illerinde bitti\u011fi, bat\u0131 illerinde ise bitmesine az bir vakit kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlarda Y\u00fcksek Se\u00e7im Kurulu\u2019nun [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":83,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayilar-7"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2330","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/83"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2330"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2330\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2330"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2330"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2330"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}