{"id":2963,"date":"2017-10-10T20:50:35","date_gmt":"2017-10-10T17:50:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=2963"},"modified":"2017-10-10T20:51:49","modified_gmt":"2017-10-10T17:51:49","slug":"hukuk-felsefesi-martir-mi-cumhuriyet-icin-oldu-mu-laiklestirme-politikalarinda-farklilasma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=2963","title":{"rendered":"Hukuk Felsefesi: Martir mi? Cumhuriyet i\u00e7in \u00d6ld\u00fc m\u00fc? : Laikle\u015ftirme Politikalar\u0131nda Farkl\u0131la\u015fma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Saint-Exup\u00e9ry\u2019nin <em>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Prens<\/em>\u2019i, birka\u00e7 y\u0131ldan beri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn kitap\u00e7\u0131larda en \u00f6n raflarda&#8230; Tahminen d\u00fcnyada da \u00f6yle. \u0130ncil\u2019den sonra en \u00e7ok dile \u00e7evrilmi\u015f kitap olma unvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bu hacmi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, \u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck eserin birdenbire yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, \u00fczerindeki telif hakk\u0131n\u0131n 1 Ocak 2015 tarihi itibariyle kalkm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, telif hakk\u0131n\u0131n koruma s\u00fcresi <em>post mortem auctoris<\/em> (yazar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra) 70 y\u0131l. Kanuni d\u00fczenlemeler nedeniyle kitab\u0131n daha \u00f6nceden alenile\u015fti\u011fi \u0130ran, Kanada, Japonya gibi bu kural\u0131n istisnas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan \u00fclkeler bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131lacak olursa, eserin \u015fu anda hala kamusal alana girmedi\u011fi s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 say\u0131da \u00fclke kalm\u0131\u015f durumda; bunlardan en dikkat \u00e7ekeni ise, yazar\u0131n yurtta\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu Fransa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nedeni soruldu\u011funda, cevab\u0131n ilk paragrafta verilen n\u00fcansta, yazar\u0131n Fransa yurtta\u015f\u0131 \u2018olmas\u0131nda yatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemeye hacet yok. Uyan\u0131k bir g\u00f6z de, Saint-Exup\u00e9ry\u2019nin \u00f6l\u00fcm tarihinin 1944 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7inde, yani II. D\u00fcnya Harbi s\u0131ras\u0131nda oldu\u011funu hemen yakalayacakt\u0131r: Saint-Exup\u00e9ry, ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir kazadan sonra b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hava Kuvvetleri\u2019ne y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 olarak 1939\u2019da d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f; Frans\u0131z ordular\u0131n\u0131n ma\u011flubiyetinden sonra Amerika\u2019ya gitmesine ra\u011fmen, 1943 y\u0131l\u0131nda M\u00fcttefiklere yard\u0131m amac\u0131yla Kuzey Afrika\u2019da g\u00f6rev yapmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f; bir \u00e7\u0131karma i\u00e7in haritalama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla 31.07.1944 tarihinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi\u011fi u\u00e7u\u015fu s\u0131ras\u0131nda, u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 Marsilya a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131nda denize d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bunun \u00fczerine kendisi 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201c<em>mort pour la France<\/em>\u201d (Fransa i\u00e7in \u00f6ld\u00fc) olarak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu stat\u00fcde olan yazarlar\u0131n eserleri \u00fczerindeki teliflerin s\u00fcreleri, di\u011fer yazarlardan farkl\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Nitekim Saint-Exup\u00e9ry\u2019nin eserleri \u00fczerindeki telif haklar\u0131 Fransa\u2019da ancak 2033 y\u0131l\u0131nda kalkacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir\u00e7ok edebiyat eserinde \u201c\u015fehit\u201d kelimesi yerine Frans\u0131zca k\u00f6kenli \u201cmartir\u201din (<em>martyr<\/em>) kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc iki kelime birbirinin tam anlam\u0131yla \u00e7evirisidir: <em>martyr<\/em>, Eski Yunanca <em>\u03bc\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c2<\/em>, Latince <em>martus<\/em>\u2019tan; k\u0131saca \u015fahitten gelir. Bu anlamda \u015fehit, Tanr\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u015fahadet anlam\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Ancak yukar\u0131daki paragrafta Fransa\u2019da devletin yurtta\u015flar\u0131na <em>martyr<\/em> payesi vermedi\u011fini, bunun yerine 02.07.1915 tarihinde \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir Kanunla <em>mort pour la France<\/em> olarak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti. <em>Martyr<\/em>\u2019in anlam\u0131nda y\u00fckl\u00fc olan dinsellik, 09.12.1905 tarihli Kilisenin ve Devletin birbirinden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na dair Kanunla (<em>loi du 9 d\u00e9cembre 1905 concernant la s\u00e9paration des \u00c9glises et de l\u2019\u00c9tat<\/em>) laiklik konusunda yeni bir yola girmi\u015f olan III. Cumhuriyet\u2019in kelime tercihi konusundaki titizli\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu titizli\u011fin bir ba\u015fka nedeninin emperyalist bir \u00fclke olan Frans\u0131z ordular\u0131nda, Kuzey Afrikal\u0131, yani M\u00fcsl\u00fcman askerlerin bulunmas\u0131 oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n<p>&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri&#8217;nin 9. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Saint-Exup\u00e9ry\u2019nin K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Prens\u2019i, birka\u00e7 y\u0131ldan beri T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki neredeyse b\u00fct\u00fcn kitap\u00e7\u0131larda en \u00f6n raflarda&#8230; Tahminen d\u00fcnyada da \u00f6yle. \u0130ncil\u2019den sonra en \u00e7ok dile \u00e7evrilmi\u015f kitap olma unvan\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bu hacmi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, \u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck eserin birdenbire yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015f olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni, \u00fczerindeki telif hakk\u0131n\u0131n 1 Ocak 2015 tarihi itibariyle kalkm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131. Bilindi\u011fi \u00fczere, telif hakk\u0131n\u0131n koruma s\u00fcresi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[136],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayilar-9"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2963","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2963"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2963\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2963"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2963"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2963"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}