Bir hukuk dergisi i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan bu yaz\u0131da, Cumhuriyet ile birlikte e\u011fitimin ve toprak m\u00fclkiyetinin devrimci bir anlay\u0131\u015fla yeniden kurgulanma \u00e7abas\u0131 ile do\u011frudan ilintili olan hukuksal metin ve uygulamalardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak sonuca ula\u015fmay\u0131 uygun bulduk.<\/p>\n
1923\u2019ten ba\u015flayarak K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri\u2019nin uygulamaya ge\u00e7ti\u011fi 1940\u2019a de\u011fin \u201cakl\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi\u201d ile \u201c\u00fcretici (Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn deyi\u015fiyle \u2018hakiki m\u00fcstahsil\u2019) k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi\u201dne birlikte odaklanan bir dizi hukuksal giri\u015fim, uygulama ve tasar\u0131m, K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri uygulamas\u0131na kaynakl\u0131k etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyet devrimini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren kadronun neden \u201cakl\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi\u201d ile \u201c\u00fcretici k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi\u201dni birlikte \u00f6ncelemek istedi\u011fini anlamak i\u00e7in Cumhuriyet\u2019in kuruldu\u011fu y\u0131llarda T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin durumuna bir g\u00f6z atmak gerekir:<\/p>\n
1927\u2019deki n\u00fcfus say\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re, 12,6 milyonluk n\u00fcfusun 9 milyonu \u00e7ift\u00e7idir. Tar\u0131ma elveri\u015fli 21-22 milyon hektarl\u0131k arazinin yaln\u0131zca 4-5 milyon hektar\u0131 i\u015flenebilmektedir.<\/p>\n
Devlete, vak\u0131flara (dinsel \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelere, tekkelere, medreselere ba\u011fl\u0131) ve \u00f6zel ki\u015filere ait olan bu topraklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu derebeyi niteli\u011findeki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin elindedir. N\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 95\u2019inin \u00e7ift\u00e7i olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, i\u015flenir topraklar\u0131n y\u00fczde 65\u2019i n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 5\u2019nin elindedir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ift\u00e7ilerin y\u00fczde 20\u2019sinin elinde tar\u0131m arac\u0131 bile yoktur.<\/p>\n
E\u011fitim alan\u0131na gelince:<\/p>\n
1897\u2019deki istatisti\u011fe bak\u0131l\u0131rsa Osmanl\u0131\u2019da, okuma yazma bilenlerin oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 10\u2019nun alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Kimilerine g\u00f6re de, bu oran y\u00fczde 1\u2019dir.<\/p>\n
E\u011fitim; mahalle mektepleri ve medreselerde t\u00fcm\u00fcyle dinsel egemenlik alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Yani, n\u00fcfusun ezici \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00fcmmi, bir ba\u015fka anlat\u0131mla k\u00f6r cahildir.<\/p>\n
…<\/p>\n
Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri\u2019nin 10. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Bir hukuk dergisi i\u00e7in yaz\u0131lan bu yaz\u0131da, Cumhuriyet ile birlikte e\u011fitimin ve toprak m\u00fclkiyetinin devrimci bir anlay\u0131\u015fla yeniden kurgulanma \u00e7abas\u0131 ile do\u011frudan ilintili olan hukuksal metin ve uygulamalardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak sonuca ula\u015fmay\u0131 uygun bulduk. 1923\u2019ten ba\u015flayarak K\u00f6y Enstit\u00fcleri\u2019nin uygulamaya ge\u00e7ti\u011fi 1940\u2019a de\u011fin \u201cakl\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi\u201d ile \u201c\u00fcretici (Atat\u00fcrk\u2019\u00fcn deyi\u015fiyle \u2018hakiki m\u00fcstahsil\u2019) k\u00f6yl\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi\u201dne birlikte odaklanan bir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":102,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,142],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayilar-10"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3023","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/102"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3023"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3023\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}