{"id":3130,"date":"2018-01-23T16:28:27","date_gmt":"2018-01-23T13:28:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=3130"},"modified":"2018-01-23T16:28:27","modified_gmt":"2018-01-23T13:28:27","slug":"sosyal-devletin-cokusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=3130","title":{"rendered":"Sosyal Devletin \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" title=\"Page 28\">\n<div class=\"section\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Sosyal devlet rejimi, i\u015flevsel niteli\u011fi itibariyle kapitalizmin tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, ideolojik niteli\u011fi itibariyle de sistemin me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131t rejimlere kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu kalkan\u0131d\u0131r. Sosyal devlet rejiminin ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irilme ve uygulama d\u00fczeyi, farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde ya\u015fanan s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerinin siyasal arenadaki uzla\u015fmac\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00f6netsel yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu niteli\u011fi ile sosyal devlet olgusu mutlak olmay\u0131p, zamanla de\u011fi\u015fen ve sistemin i\u00e7sel i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve d\u0131\u015fsal ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re \u015fekillenebilen izaf\u00ee bir uygulamad\u0131r. Piyasa ekonomisinin tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6zelli\u011fi ile sosyal devlet uygulamas\u0131, kapitalizmin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 gelir da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 bozuklu\u011funun bir dereceye kadar giderilmesi ve bireylere olabildi\u011fince e\u015fit olanak sa\u011flanmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik, e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k ya da ula\u015f\u0131m-ileti\u015fim gibi zamanla de\u011fi\u015febilen \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 alanlarda devreye girer (<em>Barry, 2015<\/em>). S\u00f6z konusu hizmetler kamusal \u00fcretim olarak topluma sunulabildi\u011fi gibi, kamusal finansmana dayal\u0131 \u00f6zel kesim \u00fcretimi olarak da sosyal devlet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde topluma sunulabilir. \u0130kinci durumda m\u00fcte\u015febbis ve k\u00e2r fakt\u00f6r\u00fc devreye girdi\u011finden hizmetin kamusal y\u00fck\u00fc a\u011f\u0131rla\u015f\u0131r. Sosyo-ekonomik alanda ise, \u00e7al\u0131\u015famaz durumda olan ya\u015fl\u0131lar, a\u011f\u0131r sakatlar ve mutlak engellilere bak\u0131m yan\u0131nda, t\u00fcm topluma yayg\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k, i\u015fsizlik ve emeklilik sigortas\u0131 gibi destek hizmetler de en temel sosyal hizmet ara\u00e7lar\u0131ndand\u0131r (<em>Barr 2012; s.10-3 \/ Esping-Andersen, 1990<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Kapitalist sistemde m\u00fclks\u00fcz devletin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 vergi yolu ile \u00f6zel kesimden sa\u011fl\u0131yor olmas\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal sonucunda, sosyal devlet hizmetlerinin maliyeti de \u00f6zel kesimce kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, hi\u00e7bir ekonomide \u201cbedava \u00f6\u011fle yeme\u011fi yoktur\u201d! Kapitalist \u00fcretim modelinde yarat\u0131lan katma de\u011ferin \u00fccret d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc k\u00e2r veya art\u0131 de\u011fer olarak sermaye sahibine ya da rantiyeye tahakkuk etti\u011finden, sosyal devlet politikalar\u0131nda talep cephesi ile maliyete katlanma durumunda olan sunum cephesi aras\u0131nda belli belirsiz bir t\u00fcr s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesi ya\u015fan\u0131r (<em>Offe, 1984<\/em>). Sosyal devlet y\u00fckleri vergilerle kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, her bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc vergi verirken \u201cmali y\u00fck\u201d e katlan\u0131r, sosyal hizmetten yararlan\u0131rken \u201cmali kazan\u00e7\u201d sa\u011flar ve aradaki fark \u201cmali bakiye\u201d olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar (<em>Musgrave, 1959; 182<\/em>). Sosyal devlet politikalar\u0131 ile oy avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapmak durumunda olan siyasal erk, bir yandan mali kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flayanlarla mali y\u00fckleniciler aras\u0131nda sosyal uzla\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, di\u011fer yandan da sistemin aksayan yanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u201ctoplumsal huzur\u201d vb. gibi s\u00f6zde ifadelerle ge\u00e7i\u015ftirmeye ya da b\u00fcrokratik perdelemelerle kamuoyunun g\u00f6z\u00fcnden uzak tutmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r (<em>O\u2019Connor, 2009; 69-70<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri&#8217;nin 11. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sosyal devlet rejimi, i\u015flevsel niteli\u011fi itibariyle kapitalizmin tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, ideolojik niteli\u011fi itibariyle de sistemin me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131t rejimlere kar\u015f\u0131 koruyucu kalkan\u0131d\u0131r. Sosyal devlet rejiminin ya\u015fama ge\u00e7irilme ve uygulama d\u00fczeyi, farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde ya\u015fanan s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerinin siyasal arenadaki uzla\u015fmac\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn y\u00f6netsel yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu niteli\u011fi ile sosyal devlet olgusu mutlak olmay\u0131p, zamanla de\u011fi\u015fen ve sistemin i\u00e7sel i\u015fleyi\u015fi ve d\u0131\u015fsal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,156],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayilar-11"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3130"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3130\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}