{"id":3136,"date":"2018-01-23T16:41:10","date_gmt":"2018-01-23T13:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=3136"},"modified":"2018-01-23T16:41:10","modified_gmt":"2018-01-23T13:41:10","slug":"sinifin-cekilmesi-sosyal-devletin-cokusu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=3136","title":{"rendered":"S\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00c7ekilmesi, Sosyal Devletin \u00c7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Karl Marx ve Friedrich Engels, ilk \u201crefah tedbirleri\u201d kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na verilecek daha fazla pay kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin \u00fczerinin \u00f6rt\u00fclmeye ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrimden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yordu. Mart 1850\u2019de Merkez Komitesi ad\u0131na Kom\u00fcnist Birlik\u2019e hitap ederken \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyeceklerdi:<\/p>\n

\u201c T\u00fcm toplumu devrimci proletaryan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi arzulamaktan uzak olan demokratik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva, var olan toplumu sadece kendileri i\u00e7in m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en kabul edilebilir ve rahat hale getirmek \u00fczere toplumsal ko\u015fullarda bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe heveslidir…<\/em><\/p>\n

Sermayenin egemenli\u011fi ve h\u0131zl\u0131 birikimi, k\u0131smen miras hakk\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131 ve k\u0131smen istihdam\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca devlete aktar\u0131lmas\u0131yla, daha da etkisizle\u015ftirilecektir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her \u015feyin \u00fcst\u00fcnde olan bir tek \u015fey kesindir: Onlar \u00fccretli emek\u00e7i olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcreceklerdir. Fakat, demokratik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva, i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in daha iyi \u00fccretler ve g\u00fcvenlik istemektedir ve bunlar\u0131 devlet istihdam\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek ve refah tedbirleri ile ba\u015farabilece\u011fini ummaktad\u0131r; k\u0131sacas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ileri az ya da \u00e7ok \u00f6rt\u00fcl\u00fc yard\u0131m bi\u00e7imleri ile ayartmay\u0131 ve durumlar\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak katlan\u0131labilir k\u0131larak devrimci g\u00fc\u00e7lerini k\u0131rmay\u0131 arzulamaktad\u0131rlar…<\/em><\/p>\n

… Ancak bu talepler hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde proletarya partisini tatmin edemez. Demokratik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva, en fazla bahsedilen ama\u00e7lar\u0131 yerine getirerek devrimi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde sona erdirmek isterken, az ya da \u00e7ok m\u00fclk sahibi t\u00fcm s\u0131n\u0131flar egemen konumlar\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131ncaya, proletarya devlet iktidar\u0131n\u0131 fethedinceye ve sadece tek bir \u00fclkede de\u011fil ama d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerinde proletaryan\u0131n birli\u011fi bu \u00fclkelerin proletaryalar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki rekabetin ortadan kalkaca\u011f\u0131 ve en az\u0131ndan belirleyici \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin i\u015f\u00e7ilerin elinde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fczeye kadar yeterince geli\u015finceye dek devrimi s\u00fcrekli hale getirmek bizim \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131m\u0131zad\u0131r ve g\u00f6revimizdir. Bizim sorunumuz basit\u00e7e \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyeti d\u00fczeltmek olamaz, bizim derdimiz onu ilga etmektir, s\u0131n\u0131f kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6rtbas etmek de\u011fil s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ilga etmektir, var olan toplumu iyile\u015ftirmek de\u011fil yenisini kurmakt\u0131r.<\/em><\/p>\n

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…<\/em><\/p>\n

Nas\u0131l bir sonraki y\u00fckseli\u015fin demokratlar\u0131 iktidara ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve nas\u0131l onlar\u0131 az ya da \u00e7ok sosyalizan \u00f6nlemler almaya zorlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin cevap olarak hangi \u00f6nlemleri \u00f6nerece\u011fi sorulacakt\u0131r. Elbette, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta i\u015f\u00e7iler do\u011frudan kom\u00fcnist \u00f6nlemler \u00f6neremezler. Ama a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yol haritas\u0131 olanakl\u0131d\u0131r:<\/em><\/p>\n

1. Demokratlar\u0131, ola\u011fan i\u015fleyi\u015fini sekteye u\u011fratmak ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck-burjuva demokratlar\u0131n kendilerinden taviz vermesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in var olan toplumsal d\u00fczenin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en fazla alan\u0131na yol a\u00e7maya zorlayabilirler; dahas\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7iler ula\u015f\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131, fabrikalar, demiryollar\u0131 gibi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan azami say\u0131daki \u00fcretici g\u00fc\u00e7lerin devletin elinde yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 zorlayabilirler.<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Demokratlar\u0131n \u00f6nerilerini mant\u0131ksal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131mal\u0131d\u0131rlar (demokratlar her durumda reformist ve devrimci olmayan bir \u015fekilde hareket edeceklerdir) ve bu \u00f6nerileri \u00f6zel m\u00fclkiyete do\u011frudan sald\u0131r\u0131lara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmelidirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuvazi demiryollar\u0131 ve fabrikalar\u0131n sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerdi\u011finde i\u015f\u00e7iler, gericilerin mallar\u0131 olarak bu demiryollar\u0131 ve fabrikalara devlet taraf\u0131ndan tazminats\u0131z olarak el konulmas\u0131n\u0131 istemelidir. Demokratlar nispi vergilendirme \u00f6nerirlerse i\u015f\u00e7iler, artan oranl\u0131 vergilendirme talep etmelidir; e\u011fer demokratlar kendileri \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 bir artan oranl\u0131 vergilendirme \u00f6nerirse i\u015f\u00e7iler, oranlar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck sermayeyi mahvedecek kadar y\u00fcksek olacak bir vergilendirmede \u0131srar etmelidir; demokratlar devlet bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlenmesini isterlerse i\u015f\u00e7iler ulusal iflas talep etmelidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin talepleri demokratlar\u0131n \u00f6nlemleri ve \u00f6d\u00fcnlerine g\u00f6re ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n

Bu sat\u0131rlardan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere sosyal devlet ya da refah devleti, esas olarak, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerinin geriye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve bir \u201ctoplumsal uzla\u015f\u0131\u201d aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu anlamda, s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelelerinin bir i\u00e7 veya d\u0131\u015f dinamik olarak y\u00fckseldi\u011fi d\u00f6nemlerde g\u00fcndeme geldi\u011fi ve geli\u015fti\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmelidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, \u201cuzla\u015f\u0131\u201d aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ve sosyal devletin asl\u0131nda burjuvazi i\u00e7in bir emniyet supab\u0131 oldu\u011fu vurgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri’nin 11. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Karl Marx ve Friedrich Engels, ilk \u201crefah tedbirleri\u201d kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na verilecek daha fazla pay kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131f m\u00fccadelesinin \u00fczerinin \u00f6rt\u00fclmeye ve i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131n devrimden uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131yordu. Mart 1850\u2019de Merkez Komitesi ad\u0131na Kom\u00fcnist Birlik\u2019e hitap ederken \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yleyeceklerdi: \u201c T\u00fcm toplumu devrimci proletaryan\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131 do\u011frultusunda d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi arzulamaktan uzak olan demokratik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck burjuva, var olan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,156],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayilar-11"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/42"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3136"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3136\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}