{"id":3345,"date":"2018-06-12T16:55:42","date_gmt":"2018-06-12T13:55:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=3345"},"modified":"2018-06-12T16:55:42","modified_gmt":"2018-06-12T13:55:42","slug":"hukuk-felsefesi-hukuku-hukukun-disinda-aramak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=3345","title":{"rendered":"Hukuk Felsefesi: Hukuku Hukukun D\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Aramak"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bir s\u00fcredir Alexander Peczenik\u2019ten \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fim bir meseleyi dilim d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce, buldu\u011fum her f\u0131rsatta muhataplar\u0131ma aktarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Peczenik hukuk\u00ee yarg\u0131y\u0131 destekleyen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sebebin, en geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla hukukun kaynaklar\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131na girdi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na girmeden \u015f\u00f6yle basitle\u015ftirelim: Mesela bir yarg\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi yapabildi\u011finiz her \u015fey, hukuk kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Peczenik bu sebepleri iki grup alt\u0131nda inceler: Madd\u00ee sebepler ve otorite sebepleri. Otorite sebepleri, T\u00fcrk\u00e7e hukuk literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u2018hukukun kaynaklar\u0131\u2019na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir: Anayasa, yasa, t\u00fcz\u00fck, y\u00f6netmelik, \u00f6rf ve adet hukuku, bilimsel i\u00e7tihatlar, yarg\u0131sal i\u00e7tihatlar. Bunlar\u0131n hukuk kayna\u011f\u0131 say\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni do\u011fruluklar\u0131, hakl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, i\u015fe yararl\u0131klar\u0131 vs. de\u011fil, sadece bir otorite sahibi olmalar\u0131d\u0131r.Peczenik\u2019in hukukun kaynaklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemsiyorum, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc onun maddi sebepler (veya maddi kaynaklar) olarak isimlendirdi\u011fi k\u0131sm\u0131 ya bilmiyoruz yahut da bu maddi kaynaklara Peczenik gibi \u2018hukukilik\u2019 atfetmiyoruz. Peki nedir maddi kaynaklar? Maddi kaynaklar veya sebepler, i\u00e7erikleri itibariyle hukuk\u00ee sonucu\/yarg\u0131y\u0131 destekleyebilen ifadelerdir. Destek, sebepleri kimin getirdi\u011fi, sebebin kimin ifadesi oldu\u011fu gibi ba\u015fka durumlara de\u011fil, sadece i\u00e7eri\u011fe dayan\u0131r. Madd\u00ee sebepler ahl\u00e2k\u00ee, ekonomik, siyasi, kurumsal vs. olabilir. Bunlara mant\u0131k, dilbilgisi, herhangi bir disiplinin \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ilke ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 da ekleyerek \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 hukukun (maddi) kaynaklar\u0131 olarak belirlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Peki bunun anlam\u0131 ne ve neden \u00f6nemli?<\/p>\n

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Peczenik hukuk\u00ee yarg\u0131y\u0131 destekleyen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sebebin, en geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla hukukun kaynaklar\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131na girdi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Maddi kaynaklar i\u00e7erisinde sayd\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131z, geleneksel olarak hukuk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na inand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z, hukuk d\u0131\u015f\u0131 addetti\u011fimiz alanlardan getirilen ifadeler. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu yakla\u015f\u0131m geleneksel hukuki muhakeme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye aday. Geleneksel hukuki muhakeme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, bir hukuki yarg\u0131n\u0131n veya yukar\u0131daki basitle\u015ftirmeyle devam edersek, bir yarg\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esini hukukta, as\u0131l olarak da hukukun otorite kaynaklar\u0131 dedi\u011fimiz b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 hukuk kurallar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan b\u00fct\u00fcnde arar. Hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bilimsel ve yarg\u0131sal i\u00e7tihatlar ise her \u015feyden \u00f6nce tali veya ikincildirler, bunun yan\u0131nda onlar da zaten hukuk kurallar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla geleneksel hukuki muhakeme anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, yarg\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n temelini, dayana\u011f\u0131n\u0131, gerek\u00e7esini hukuk kurallar\u0131nda bulma iddias\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu anlay\u0131\u015f hukuk dilinde de apa\u00e7\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr: Yarg\u0131c\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f, \u2018hukukun uygulanmas\u0131\u2019d\u0131r. Elbette buradaki hukuk, hukuk kurallar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Peczenik\u2019in yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ise, daha ilk ba\u015fta, hukuk kurallar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka \u015feylerin de hukuka kaynakl\u0131k edebilece\u011fini, bir yarg\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esini olu\u015fturabilece\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015f oluyor. Bu durumda \u2018hukuk \u00f6\u011fretimi\u2019, \u2018hukuk anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131\u2019 veya \u2018hukukun uygulanmas\u0131\u2019 gibi ifadelerin anlam\u0131n\u0131 yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek zorunday\u0131z demektir.<\/p>\n

…<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri’nin 13. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bir s\u00fcredir Alexander Peczenik\u2019ten \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fim bir meseleyi dilim d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnce, buldu\u011fum her f\u0131rsatta muhataplar\u0131ma aktarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Peczenik hukuk\u00ee yarg\u0131y\u0131 destekleyen her t\u00fcrl\u00fc sebebin, en geni\u015f anlam\u0131yla hukukun kaynaklar\u0131 kavram\u0131n\u0131n kapsam\u0131na girdi\u011fini s\u00f6yler. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131na girmeden \u015f\u00f6yle basitle\u015ftirelim: Mesela bir yarg\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi yapabildi\u011finiz her \u015fey, hukuk kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Peczenik bu sebepleri iki grup alt\u0131nda inceler: Madd\u00ee sebepler ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[171],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayilar-13"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3345","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/61"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3345"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3345\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}