{"id":3831,"date":"2019-06-07T01:57:25","date_gmt":"2019-06-06T22:57:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=3831"},"modified":"2019-06-07T01:57:25","modified_gmt":"2019-06-06T22:57:25","slug":"yukselen-bir-toplum-sagligi-sorunu-olarak-asi-reddi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=3831","title":{"rendered":"Y\u00fckselen Bir Toplum Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sorunu Olarak: A\u015f\u0131 Reddi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z co\u011frafya, d\u00fcnya tarihinde ilk a\u015f\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n ne yaz\u0131k ki ayn\u0131 h\u0131zla a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olma \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir.<\/p>\n

1721 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelen \u0130ngiliz B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isinin e\u015fi Lady Montegu, \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, bu y\u00f6ntemden \u00e7ok etkilendi\u011fini mektuplar\u0131na da yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkesine d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 kampanyas\u0131 ba\u015flatarak y\u00f6ntemi yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f ve 1796 y\u0131l\u0131nda ilk bilimsel a\u015f\u0131 \u0130ngiliz Hekim E. Jenner taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son on y\u0131l\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131\u2019da bilimsel a\u015f\u0131 laboratuvarlar\u0131 kurulmu\u015f, \u00e7i\u00e7ek, difteri, kuduz, \u015farbon gibi insan ve hayvan a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fcretilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7anakkale Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019un i\u015fgali tehlikesine kar\u015f\u0131n A\u015f\u0131hane K\u0131r\u015fehir\u2019e ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u0131llarda d\u00fcnyada ilk kez tif\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretilmi\u015f, \u00e7i\u00e7ek ve tif\u00fcs a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerine ihra\u00e7 edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerinde ba\u015flayan a\u015f\u0131lama hizmeti, Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulmas\u0131ndan sonra 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131s\u0131hha Kanunu (UHK) ile yeniden d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u015f\u0131 ve serum \u00fcretimi tek merkezde, Ankara\u2019da Merkez H\u0131fz\u0131s\u0131hha Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lerleyen y\u0131llarda t\u00fcm a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 \u00fcretir hale gelen T\u00fcrkiye, 1990\u2019l\u0131 y\u0131llarda sa\u011fl\u0131k reformlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131yla birer birer a\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretimine son vermi\u015f ve 1998\u2019de son olarak BCG a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretimi de durmu\u015ftur. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde a\u015f\u0131lar, ithal yoluyla temin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

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A\u015f\u0131 konusunda b\u00f6ylesine k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir tarihi olan Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131nda bug\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 giderek artmakta, baz\u0131 kesimler taraf\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmekte ve sonucunda da a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 reddeden ailelerin say\u0131s\u0131 giderek artmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ailelerin a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 reddetmesi nedeniyle a\u015f\u0131 olmayan \u00e7ocuk say\u0131s\u0131 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e artmaktad\u0131r. 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda 183 olan bu rakam, 2016\u2019da 11 bin, 2017\u2019de 23 bin \u00e7ocu\u011fa ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu tablonun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda 2009\u2019da 8 olan k\u0131zam\u0131k say\u0131s\u0131, 2018\u2019in ilk dokuz ay\u0131nda 500\u2019\u00fc a\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131s\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n zaman i\u00e7inde birikmesiyle bug\u00fcne kadar a\u015f\u0131lar sayesinde kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nan bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve belki de salg\u0131nlar yapmas\u0131 tehlikesi belirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

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A\u015f\u0131 Kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tarihi neredeyse a\u015f\u0131lar kadar eskidir. Bat\u0131da a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk y\u0131llarda, kilisenin buna kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak ilk a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketi ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 biliniyor. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnya genelinde a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131ca 4 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplanabilir:<\/p>\n

1) A\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n gereklili\u011fini ve etkinli\u011fini sorgulayan iddialar<\/p>\n

2) A\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeki maddelerin veya haz\u0131rlanma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini sorgulayan iddialar<\/p>\n

3) A\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n yan etkileri ile ilgili iddialar<\/p>\n

4) A\u015f\u0131larla ilgili komplo teorileri<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu iddialar\u0131n iki farkl\u0131 kesimden y\u00fckseldi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bir grup; d\u00fcnyadaki a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 hareketi bilen, bunlar\u0131 izleyebilecek bir yabanc\u0131 dil bilgisine sahip y\u00fcksek e\u011fitimli ve ya\u015fam standard\u0131 itibariyle bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan muzdarip olmam\u0131\u015f bir sosyal stat\u00fcye sahip ebeveynlerden olu\u015fuyor. Elbette bu grubun tek ilgilendi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131lardaki c\u0131va de\u011fil, \u00e7ocu\u011fun yedi\u011fi her t\u00fcrl\u00fc g\u0131dan\u0131n da organik, kimyasal kirleticilerden uzak olmas\u0131na \u00f6zen g\u00f6steriyorlar.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer bir grup; baz\u0131 din \u00e7evrelerince savunulan a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n dinen uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u00e7inde domuz ya da maymun kan\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunarak reddedenlerdir. Zaman zaman sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n eline ge\u00e7en a\u015f\u0131 reddini \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen bro\u015f\u00fcrlerde, pek \u00e7ok hurafe, efsane, ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi olmayan ifadeye rastlanmaktad\u0131r, \u00f6rne\u011fin a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n insan\u0131 s\u0131\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131ran, domuzla\u015ft\u0131ran ya da maymunla\u015ft\u0131ran etkileri oldu\u011fu iddia edilmektedir. Hangi nedenle olursa olsun a\u015f\u0131 reddinin dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgi(sizlik), paranoya i\u00e7eriyor. Hele de, \u00fclkemizde a\u015f\u0131 \u00fcretiminin sona ermesiyle a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ithal edilmesinin ard\u0131ndan bu paranoyalar\u0131n her kesimde y\u00fckseldi\u011fine tan\u0131k olmaktay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

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A\u015f\u0131lar En Temel Koruyucu Sa\u011fl\u0131k Hizmetidir<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Koruyucu sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri (\u00f6nleyici t\u0131p da denilen), hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015fileri korunmay\u0131 hedefleyen bir grup sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetidir. Hastal\u0131k olmadan yap\u0131lan bir hizmet olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131, koruyucu sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00f6neminin kavranmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hizmet t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Oysa a\u015f\u0131lama \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 bir grup bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n (k\u0131zam\u0131k, \u00e7i\u00e7ek, difteri, tetanos vb.) neden oldu\u011fu \u00f6l\u00fcmleri ve sakatlanmalar\u0131 azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yap\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131 kampanyalar\u0131 ve rutin a\u015f\u0131lama hizmetleriyle bug\u00fcn pek \u00e7ok hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesi, ebeveynlerin a\u015f\u0131laman\u0131n gereklili\u011fini sorgulamas\u0131n\u0131n nedenlerinden biri olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Oysa kendi \u00e7ocukluklar\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131lanan bu ebeveynler a\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f olsayd\u0131 bug\u00fcn bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131yla \u00f6nlenebilen hastal\u0131klardan biri nedeniyle ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybedece\u011fi, yani hayatta olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlatmakta fayda var. Nitekim, bug\u00fcn otuzlu ya\u015flar\u0131nda olan birinin do\u011fdu\u011fu y\u0131llar olan 1980\u2019ler T\u00fcrkiye\u2019sinde do\u011fan 1000 bebekten 83\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn bir ya\u015f\u0131na kadar ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmesinde, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Ayn\u0131 ebeveynlerin iki ku\u015fak \u00f6ncesinde (b\u00fcy\u00fckanne\/babalar\u0131nda), her d\u00f6rt bebekten birinin bir ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6remeden \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de ayr\u0131ca hat\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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A\u015f\u0131lar, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k kontrol\u00fcnde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip t\u0131bbi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir. Bir a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n uygulamaya konulmas\u0131na, t\u0131pk\u0131 ila\u00e7lar gibi bir dizi bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucu karar verilir. Bir a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n iki temel ko\u015fulundan biri, o hastal\u0131k etkenine kar\u015f\u0131 etkili bir a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n mevcut olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u201cEtkili\u201d s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn anlam\u0131, a\u015f\u0131 uygulanan \u00e7ocuklarda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en az %90 oran\u0131nda azaltmas\u0131d\u0131r. Di\u011feri ise, s\u00f6z konusu hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesinde kontrol stratejisi olarak en uygun y\u00f6ntemin a\u015f\u0131lama olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir. Biraz daha a\u00e7arsak; bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 bir hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011flam ki\u015fiye ula\u015f\u0131p onu hasta etmesinin engellenebilmesi i\u00e7in temel olarak \u00fc\u00e7 se\u00e7enek vard\u0131r: 1.Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak (e\u011fer hasta ki\u015fi ise tedavi etmek), 2.Bula\u015fma yoluna m\u00fcdahale etmek (sular\u0131n klorlanmas\u0131 vb.), 3. Sa\u011flam ki\u015fiyi korumak. A\u015f\u0131lar, sa\u011flam ki\u015finin korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olan bir koruyucu hizmettir. A\u015f\u0131lama hizmeti de hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in stratejik bir kamu sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131d\u0131r. O nedenle de sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131laman\u0131n iki yarar\u0131 g\u00f6zetilir: \u0130lki, a\u015f\u0131 olan \u00e7ocu\u011fun hastal\u0131\u011fa yakalanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi; di\u011feri ise hedef toplumda belli bir a\u015f\u0131lama d\u00fczeyini yakalayarak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n toplumda kontrol edilmesini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n toplumda kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle a\u015f\u0131lanamayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n dolayl\u0131 yoldan korunmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bunlar; bir ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmas\u0131, kanser tedavisi almas\u0131 vb. nedenlerle kesinlikle a\u015f\u0131 olmamas\u0131 gereken ki\u015filerdir. A\u015f\u0131 olma endikasyonu oldu\u011fu halde a\u015f\u0131lanmayan ve bu yolla toplumsal ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k d\u00fczeyinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalmas\u0131na katk\u0131s\u0131 olan her \u00e7ocuk, yukar\u0131da bahsedilen a\u015f\u0131lanmam\u0131\u015f hassas gruplar\u0131n hastal\u0131k riskini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Karar\u0131 veren ki\u015finin ebeveyn oldu\u011fu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruldu\u011funda kendi \u00e7ocu\u011funun a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131na izin vermeyen ebeveynlerin s\u00f6z konusu di\u011fer \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etti\u011fi tespiti yap\u0131labilir. \u00dcstelik bu \u00e7ocuklar hastal\u0131\u011fa yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u00e7ocuktan daha fazla \u00f6lme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Rol\u00fc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Neoliberal politikalar\u0131n bir sonucu da, bireyci bir insan karakteri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kararak toplumsal dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 geriletmesi olmu\u015ftur. Neoliberal d\u00f6nemin en temel amac\u0131 olan devletin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fclmesi, bir s\u00fcre sonra kamusal hizmetlerin gereklili\u011fi ve niteli\u011finin sorgulanmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda kamu hizmetlerini itibars\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve \u015f\u00fcpheyle bak\u0131lan bir hale getirmi\u015ftir. Kan\u0131m\u0131zca, a\u015f\u0131lama hizmetleri de bundan pay\u0131n\u0131 almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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A\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda bir di\u011fer boyut, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n net ve a\u00e7\u0131k bir tutum sergilememesi, bu nedenle hizmetin uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 olan sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n ebeveynler ile ba\u015f ba\u015fa kalmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131 reddinin giderek artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir durumda, sessiz kalmak yerine aktif bir tutum ve \u00e7aba i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131, a\u015f\u0131lamay\u0131 cesaretlendirecek mesajlar vermesi beklenmektedir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n bu edilgen tavr\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zecek yasal d\u00fczenlemenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ocuk Haklar\u0131 S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, \u201c\u00e7ocu\u011fu ilgilendiren b\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyetlerde \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131 temel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncedir (md.3)\u201d ifadesi yer almaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca S\u00f6zle\u015fmede, devletin her \u00e7ocu\u011fun temel ya\u015fam hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu kabul etmesi ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun hayatta kalmas\u0131 ve geli\u015fmesi i\u00e7in olabilecek en fazla \u00e7abay\u0131 sarf etmesi (md.6) ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n t\u0131bbi bak\u0131mdan yoksun b\u0131rak\u0131lmamas\u0131, koruyucu sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerinin sunulmas\u0131 (md.24) gerekti\u011fi ifade edilerek devlete g\u00f6rev verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bunun bir tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ebeveynlerin gerekti\u011fi gibi bilgilendirilmesi ve ayd\u0131nlat\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131, hem de hizmeti sunanlara e\u011fitim ve ileti\u015fim becerileri vermelidir.<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131yla \u0130lgili Yasal D\u00fczenleme \u0130htiyac\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcne kadar \u00e7ocu\u011funa a\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 reddeden ebeveynlerle ilgili olay\u0131n yarg\u0131ya yans\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda al\u0131nan kararlara bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Ebeveynin \u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zetti\u011fi, o nedenle de \u00e7ocu\u011funa a\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131rmama hakk\u0131 oldu\u011fu;<\/p>\n

\u2022 T.C. Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 17 maddesinde \u201ct\u0131bbi zorunluluklar ve kanunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 haller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dokunulamaz\u201d ifadesi yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, a\u015f\u0131n\u0131n t\u0131bbi zorunluluk kapsam\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131;<\/p>\n

\u2022 Hasta Haklar\u0131 Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi\u2019nde yer alan \u201cT\u0131bbi zorunluluklar ve kanunlarda yaz\u0131l\u0131 haller d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ki\u015finin v\u00fccut b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve di\u011fer ki\u015filik haklar\u0131na dokunulamaz\u201d (5. md) ve \u201ckanunda g\u00f6sterilen istisnalar hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere, kimse, r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n … t\u0131bbi ameliyeye tabi tutulamaz\u201d (22. md) maddelerine g\u00f6re (ebeveynin) r\u0131zas\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n a\u015f\u0131 uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131;<\/p>\n

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\u2022 A\u015f\u0131lama ilgili mevzuata g\u00f6re (1930 tarihli Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131s\u0131hha Kanunu), sadece \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu oldu\u011fu, di\u011fer a\u015f\u0131lar i\u00e7in b\u00f6yle bir zorunluluk olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kararlar al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu durum \u00e7ocukluk a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu ise bu konuda bir yasal d\u00fczenlemeye ihtiya\u00e7 oldu\u011funu, bu olmad\u0131k\u00e7a mahkemelerin ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na a\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 reddetmelerini \u201cbireysel hak\u201d kapsam\u0131nda ele almaktan ba\u015fka bir sonuca varamayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

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A\u015f\u0131 reddinin toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tehdit eden boyuta gelmesi, \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lamalar\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir tart\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Nitekim 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn k\u0131zam\u0131k vakalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt misli artt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klama sonras\u0131, \u0130talya ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n, daha \u00f6nceleri ebeveynlerin onay\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lan \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6nemi a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu hale getirdi\u011fi bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yandan a\u015f\u0131lama ile ilgili ge\u00e7erli olan mevzuat\u0131n, yani Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131s\u0131hha Kanunu\u2019nun sadece \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu tuttu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Bu d\u00fczenlemenin yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1930 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra pek \u00e7ok a\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n, yasada herhangi bir d\u00fczeltme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, a\u015f\u0131lama konusunda sadece genelgeler (Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klama Genelgesi) yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Tabipleri Birli\u011fi 2018 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Nisan ay\u0131nda \u201cA\u015f\u0131 Cand\u0131r\u201d slogan\u0131yla d\u00fczenledi\u011fi kampanya kapsam\u0131nda, Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 etkin bir tutum almaya davet etmi\u015f ayr\u0131ca yukar\u0131da an\u0131lan mevzuat eksikliklerinin giderilmesi i\u00e7in yasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u00f6nerileri haz\u0131rlanarak TBMM\u2019ye sunmu\u015ftur. Bu yasal d\u00fczenlemeler \u015funlard\u0131r;<\/p>\n

\u2022 24.04.1930 tarihli 1593 say\u0131l\u0131 Umumi H\u0131fz\u0131ss\u0131hha Kanunu\u2019nun 89\u2019uncu maddesinde d\u00fczeltme yap\u0131larak, “Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 A\u015f\u0131 Dan\u0131\u015fma Kurulu taraf\u0131ndan belirlenerek Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klama Program\u0131nda yer alan \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6nemi a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u201cbelirlenen a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 yapt\u0131rmak zorunludur. Bu a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131lmas\u0131nda ki\u015finin kendisinin, \u00e7ocuklar ya da k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131lar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden velisinin ya da vasisinin r\u0131zas\u0131 aranmaz.\u201d ibaresinin eklenmesi<\/p>\n

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\u2022 26.09.2004 tarihli 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu\u2019nun \u201cKamu Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Kar\u015f\u0131 Su\u00e7lar\u201d b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc 195. maddesinde d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131larak a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 reddedenlerle ilgili cezai i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 talep edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131n\u0131n reddedilmesi, \u00e7ocuk ad\u0131na ebeveynin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir karard\u0131r ve bu karar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten \u201c\u00e7ocu\u011fun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131\u201dn\u0131 temsil etti\u011fi sorgulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131lar konusundaki bilginin, y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde profesyonelli\u011fi gerektiren bir \u00f6zellik ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 \u201cbilgi asimetrisi\u201d denen kavram\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r. Burada mevzu, ebeveynin \u00e7ocu\u011funun \u00fcst\u00fcn yarar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z etmesinden \u00e7ok, ebeveynin a\u015f\u0131y\u0131 hangi bilgi ile reddetti\u011fi ve bunun sonucunda \u00e7ocu\u011funa (ve dolayl\u0131 olarak topluma) verece\u011fi zarard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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Yararlan\u0131lan Kaynaklar:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ar\u0131can I (2018) S\u0131k Rastlanan A\u015f\u0131 Kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 \u0130ddialara Yan\u0131tlar. Toplum ve Hekim Dergisi. Cilt 33 say\u0131 3, s 195- 206.<\/p>\n

Badur S (2018) \u201cA\u015f\u0131lar Tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d yaz\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli yanl\u0131\u015flar \u00fczerine. Herkese Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisisi. Say\u0131: 109.<\/p>\n

Eskiocak M (2018) Neoliberal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klama hizmetlerine etkileri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131. Bilim ve Gelecek Dergisi. Say\u0131: 172<\/p>\n

Smith M (2019) Life BeforeVaccines: My Story. Eri\u015fim: http:\/\/www.berkeleywellness.com\/healthy- community\/contagious-disease\/article\/life-vaccines- my-story?s=EFA_190122_AA1&st=email&ap=ed<\/p>\n

TTB (2003) A\u015f\u0131 Pazar\u0131 Can Pazar\u0131: A\u015f\u0131 \u00dcretiminin Perde Arkas\u0131. Eri\u015fim: http:\/\/www.ttb.org.tr\/kutuphane\/ asi_pazari_can_pazari.pdf<\/p>\n

TTB (2019) Birinci Basamak Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in A\u015f\u0131 Rehberi. 2. Bask\u0131. TTB Yay\u0131nlar\u0131. Ankara.<\/p>\n

Web Sayfas\u0131: Yalansavar. Eri\u015fim: https:\/\/yalansavar.org\/ tag\/asi-karsitligi\/<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\"page49image66392960\" \"page49image66390464\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z co\u011frafya, d\u00fcnya tarihinde ilk a\u015f\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n ne yaz\u0131k ki ayn\u0131 h\u0131zla a\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer olma \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir. 1721 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelen \u0130ngiliz B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isinin e\u015fi Lady Montegu, \u00e7i\u00e7ek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lama yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, bu y\u00f6ntemden \u00e7ok etkilendi\u011fini mektuplar\u0131na da yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dclkesine d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra \u00e7i\u00e7ek a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 kampanyas\u0131 ba\u015flatarak y\u00f6ntemi yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":151,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,197],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayilar-18"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/151"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3831"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3831\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3831"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}