{"id":4560,"date":"2020-10-06T21:59:37","date_gmt":"2020-10-06T18:59:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=4560"},"modified":"2020-10-06T21:59:37","modified_gmt":"2020-10-06T18:59:37","slug":"hukuk-felsefesi-multeci-krizini-arendtle-dusunmek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=4560","title":{"rendered":"Hukuk Felsefesi: M\u00fclteci Krizini Arendt\u2019le D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 101\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Frans\u0131z \u0130nsan ve Yurtta\u015f Haklar\u0131 Beyannamesi\u2019ne ili\u015fkin \u00fcnl\u00fc ele\u015ftirisinde Edmund Burke, bu haklar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir soyutlama oldu\u011funu ve ancak vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan kaynaklanan haklar\u0131n var olabilece\u011fini savunur.1 Hannah Arendt\u2019in bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fle s\u0131k\u00e7a yan yana tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan insan haklar\u0131na ele\u015ftirisi ise Beyanname\u2019den beri insan olarak do\u011fmakla kazan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lan insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n, devletsizler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti\u011fi noktada ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar\u0131n temel tezi, insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6zneli\u011fi i\u00e7in vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir \u00f6n ko\u015ful oldu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bug\u00fcn insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n vatanda\u015fl\u0131k olmaks\u0131z\u0131n mevcut ya da kullan\u0131labilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tezini Arendt\u2019in ortaya att\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemle ayn\u0131 kesinlikle savunmak ilk bak\u0131\u015fta zor g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. En ba\u015fta 1951 tarihli Cenevre S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile 1967 tarihli Ek Protokol\u00fc\u2019nden kaynaklanan bir m\u00fclteci hukukunun yan\u0131nda \u2018insan olmakla \u00f6znesi olunan\u2019 bir insan haklar\u0131 hukuku da uzunca s\u00fcredir mevcut. Buna ra\u011fmen \u00f6rne\u011fin Festus Okey davas\u0131, devletlerin yaln\u0131zca vatanda\u015flar\u0131 de\u011fil egemenlik alanlar\u0131ndaki herkes i\u00e7in ya\u015fam hakk\u0131n\u0131 koruma sorumlulu\u011fu oldu\u011fu ve bu hakk\u0131n evrensel olarak korunaca\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131n\u0131 tekrar tekrar s\u0131namaktad\u0131r. Dahas\u0131 mevzuat\u0131n veya uluslararas\u0131 hukukun adland\u0131rmas\u0131 ne olursa olsun, silahl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar sebebiyle \u00fclkelerini terk eden \u201cyabanc\u0131lar\u201d\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklara eri\u015fim hatta hak s\u00fcjeli\u011fi problemi, son aylarda Avrupa ile T\u00fcrkiye aras\u0131nda ya\u015fanan \u00fclteci2 geriliminin de g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00fczere ne kayna\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca maddi hukukta aranacak bir stat\u00fc ya da hak katalo\u011fu sorunudur ne de tek mesele geri kabul anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 resmi a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n ve uygulamalar\u0131n hemen ard\u0131ndan m\u00fcltecilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ikili bir s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma s\u00f6z konusu: \u0130lki, iki \u00fclkenin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fan\u0131lan s\u0131k\u0131\u015fma -ki bu insanlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 egemenin iki duda\u011f\u0131 aras\u0131nda oldu\u011funu somut olarak g\u00f6sterir- ikincisi ise (bir\u00e7ok ba\u015fka \u201c\u00f6teki\u201d grupla beraber) hak \u00f6zneli\u011fi anlam\u0131nda da 1945 \u00f6ncesinin kat\u0131 hukuki pozitivist d\u00f6neminde s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131&#8230; M\u00fcltecilerin haklara eri\u015fim probleminin bir boyutunun maddi hukuk oldu\u011fu do\u011fruysa da bahsedilen kriz hak kuram\u0131 boyutuyla tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, her g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131nda n\u00fckseden sorunun daha k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri&#8217;nin 24-25. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Frans\u0131z \u0130nsan ve Yurtta\u015f Haklar\u0131 Beyannamesi\u2019ne ili\u015fkin \u00fcnl\u00fc ele\u015ftirisinde Edmund Burke, bu haklar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir soyutlama oldu\u011funu ve ancak vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan kaynaklanan haklar\u0131n var olabilece\u011fini savunur.1 Hannah Arendt\u2019in bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fle s\u0131k\u00e7a yan yana tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan insan haklar\u0131na ele\u015ftirisi ise Beyanname\u2019den beri insan olarak do\u011fmakla kazan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lan insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n, devletsizler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti\u011fi noktada ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yazar\u0131n temel [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":187,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[231],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4560","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayilar-24-25"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4560","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/187"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4560"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4560\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4560"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4560"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4560"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}