Anayasalc\u0131 hareketler u\u0308zerinde az c\u0327ok uzlas\u0327\u0131lan bir s\u0327ekilde, iktidar\u0131n keyfi\u0302lig\u0306inin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 giris\u0327imidir. O\u0308yle ki bu hareketin nu\u0308velerini Antik Yunan ve Roma I\u0307mparatorlug\u0306u\u2019nda aramak hatta yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir anayasa ile c\u0327evrelenmemis\u0327 ve iktidar\u0131n I\u0307ngiliz geleneg\u0306ini de bu harekete da\u0302hil etmek mu\u0308mku\u0308ndu\u0308r. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusunu olus\u0327turan yaz\u0131l\u0131 anayasalc\u0131l\u0131k hareketleri ise iktisadi ilis\u0327kilerinin deg\u0306is\u0327mesi sonucunda patlak veren Amerikan ve Frans\u0131z devrimlerinin bir sonucu olup, iktidar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n anayasa ad\u0131 verilen yaz\u0131l\u0131 belgelerle saptanabilmesi c\u0327abas\u0131ndan dog\u0306mus\u0327tur. Bu c\u0327aban\u0131n bir u\u0308ru\u0308nu\u0308 olan anayasan\u0131n iktidar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya muktedir olabilmesi ic\u0327in belirli baz\u0131 ilkeler (o\u0308rneg\u0306in erkler ayr\u0131l\u0131g\u0306\u0131) ya da kurumlarla (o\u0308rneg\u0306in anayasa yarg\u0131s\u0131) c\u0327evrelenmis\u0327 olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Aksi ha\u0302lde, saf hukuki bir metin olarak anayasan\u0131n, s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 saptanm\u0131s\u0327 bir iktidar\u0131; anayasal devleti gerc\u0327ekles\u0327tirebilmesi mu\u0308mku\u0308n deg\u0306ildir.<\/p>\n
Amerika Birles\u0327ik Devletleri (ABD; Amerika) ve Fransa\u2019da ortaya c\u0327\u0131kan anayasalc\u0131l\u0131k hareketlerinin, iktidar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ic\u0327in kulland\u0131klar\u0131 formu\u0308ller, her iki u\u0308lkenin devrim su\u0308recinde beslendikleri geleneklerden kaynakl\u0131 olarak, s\u0327as\u0327\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 s\u0327ekilde farkl\u0131las\u0327maktad\u0131r. O\u0308yle ki parlamentonun u\u0308stu\u0308nlu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308 ilkesinin Fransa\u2019daki bask\u0131nl\u0131g\u0306\u0131n\u0131n sonucu olan yasa- merkezcilik (le\u0301gicentrisme) geleneg\u0306i, klasik Amerikanc\u0131 anayasalc\u0131l\u0131k geleneg\u0306inden, anayasan\u0131n u\u0308stu\u0308nlu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308nu\u0308 sag\u0306lama ve anayasan\u0131n alg\u0131lan\u0131s\u0327 noktas\u0131nda farkl\u0131l\u0131k go\u0308stermektedir.<\/p>\n
Amerikan Anayasac\u0131l\u0131g\u0306\u0131: Anayasan\u0131n Pratik U\u0308stu\u0308nlu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308<\/strong><\/p>\n 1787 tarihli Amerika Birles\u0327ik Devletleri Anayasas\u0131n\u0131n kurdug\u0306u sistemin yaz\u0131l\u0131 anayasalc\u0131l\u0131k geleneg\u0306inin en o\u0308nemli o\u0308rneg\u0306ini olus\u0327turdug\u0306unu belirtmek gereklidir.<\/p>\n Du\u0308nyan\u0131n ilk anayasas\u0131 olan Amerikan Anayasas\u0131 on u\u0308c\u0327 koloninin I\u0307ngiltere kars\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndaki zaferinin simgesidir. Koloniler, kendi ic\u0327lerinde bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131klara rag\u0306men, en nihayetinde bu metin alt\u0131nda birles\u0327irler. Anayasa ic\u0327 hukukun yega\u0302ne kaynag\u0306\u0131, toplumu birles\u0327tirici en u\u0308stu\u0308n gu\u0308c\u0327 ha\u0302line gelir. Bu\u0308tu\u0308n yetkilerin kaynag\u0306\u0131 Anayasa olup, u\u0308stu\u0308nlu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308 mutlakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Amerikanc\u0131 anayasal gelenekte, anayasan\u0131n dig\u0306er normlardan u\u0308stu\u0308n oldug\u0306u du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308ncesi is\u0327levsiz, teorik bir u\u0308stu\u0308nlu\u0308k deg\u0306ildir. Bu sistemde anayasa bir u\u0308lkeyi olus\u0327turan biles\u0327enlerin kendi aralar\u0131nda yapt\u0131klar\u0131 sosyal so\u0308zles\u0327menin bir tezahu\u0308ru\u0308 olarak addedilir; anayasa kutsanm\u0131s\u0327 bir mes\u0327ruiyete sahiptir. Bu kutsanm\u0131s\u0327l\u0131k pratikte de kendini belli eder. Anayasa yarg\u0131s\u0131, bu u\u0308stu\u0308nlu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308 sag\u0306layan en o\u0308nemli arac\u0327lardan biridir. Bu c\u0327erc\u0327evede anayasa yarg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, Amerikanc\u0131 anayasalc\u0131l\u0131k geleneg\u0306ini, yasa-merkezcilik geleneg\u0306inden ay\u0131ran en o\u0308nemli o\u0308lc\u0327u\u0308t oldug\u0306unu belirtebiliriz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n ***<\/p>\n Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri’nin 31. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Anayasalc\u0131 hareketler u\u0308zerinde az c\u0327ok uzlas\u0327\u0131lan bir s\u0327ekilde, iktidar\u0131n keyfi\u0302lig\u0306inin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 giris\u0327imidir. O\u0308yle ki bu hareketin nu\u0308velerini Antik Yunan ve Roma I\u0307mparatorlug\u0306u\u2019nda aramak hatta yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir anayasa ile c\u0327evrelenmemis\u0327 ve iktidar\u0131n I\u0307ngiliz geleneg\u0306ini de bu harekete da\u0302hil etmek mu\u0308mku\u0308ndu\u0308r. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n konusunu olus\u0327turan yaz\u0131l\u0131 anayasalc\u0131l\u0131k hareketleri ise iktisadi ilis\u0327kilerinin deg\u0306is\u0327mesi sonucunda patlak veren Amerikan ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":207,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,269],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayi-31"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4809","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/207"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4809"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4809\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4809"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4809"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4809"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}