{"id":4917,"date":"2021-12-20T16:57:39","date_gmt":"2021-12-20T13:57:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=4917"},"modified":"2021-12-20T16:57:39","modified_gmt":"2021-12-20T13:57:39","slug":"soylesi-guvencesizlik-sarmalindaki-genclik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=4917","title":{"rendered":"S\u00f6yle\u015fi: G\u00fcvencesizlik Sarmal\u0131ndaki Gen\u00e7lik"},"content":{"rendered":"
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O\u0308zellikle bar\u0131nma o\u0308g\u0306renciler ic\u0327in en gu\u0308ncel sorun. Pandemi do\u0308neminin bu\u0308tu\u0308n ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 c\u0327\u0131kar\u0131rcas\u0131na yurt ve ev kiralar\u0131n\u0131n fahis\u0327 bic\u0327imde art\u0131s\u0327\u0131, daha u\u0308niversiteler ac\u0327\u0131lmadan o\u0308g\u0306rencileri kayg\u0131land\u0131r\u0131yor. Evini kapat\u0131p memleketine do\u0308nen ve u\u0308niversiteye yeni bas\u0327layacak o\u0308g\u0306rencileri emlakc\u0327\u0131lar, ev sahipleri ve sag\u0306l\u0131ks\u0131z kos\u0327ullardaki yurtlar aras\u0131nda bir mu\u0308cadele bekliyor.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Hukuk Defterleri Dergisi olarak hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda kendini go\u0308steren gu\u0308vencesizlig\u0306in genc\u0327ler u\u0308zerindeki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkilerini go\u0308ru\u0308yor ve bu sayfalar\u0131 onlar\u0131n sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131s\u0327mak ic\u0327in ay\u0131r\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

I\u0307stanbul U\u0308niversitesi Hukuk Faku\u0308ltesi 3. s\u0131n\u0131f o\u0308g\u0306rencisi Faruk Baydemir, I\u0307stanbul U\u0308niversitesi Hukuk Faku\u0308ltesi 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 mezunlar\u0131ndan Zeynep Nur Yalc\u0327\u0131nkaya ve DI\u0307SK Aras\u0327t\u0131rma Merkezi (DI\u0307SK-AR) Uzman\u0131 Deniz Beyazbulut, yay\u0131n kurulumuzdan Nurcan Akkaya\u2019n\u0131n sorular\u0131na cevap vererek 2021 Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019si genc\u0327lig\u0306inin durumunu deg\u0306erlendirdi.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Bu\u0308yu\u0308k emeklerle haz\u0131rlan\u0131lan y\u0131prat\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131navlar, heyecanla u\u0308niversitenin getireceg\u0306i gu\u0308zel geleceg\u0306i bekleyis\u0327 ve mezuniyet sonras\u0131 yas\u0327anan hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131g\u0306\u0131… Bu\u0308tu\u0308n bunlar gelecek kayg\u0131s\u0131yla bog\u0306us\u0327an her gencin bas\u0327\u0131ndan gec\u0327en hika\u0302yenin o\u0308zeti. Eg\u0306itim masraflar\u0131 gu\u0308nden gu\u0308ne artarken, art\u0131k sadece u\u0308niversite mezunu olmak, iyi bir is\u0327 bulmak ve iyi kos\u0327ullarda c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327mak ic\u0327in yeterli deg\u0306il. \u201cGaranti meslek\u201d vaadiyle c\u0327ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yo\u0308nlendirebileceg\u0306imiz bir meslek art\u0131k yok. Genc\u0327lerin bu\u0308yu\u0308k c\u0327og\u0306unlug\u0306u hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n en gu\u0308zel y\u0131llar\u0131 oldug\u0306u so\u0308ylenen y\u0131llar\u0131, borc\u0327 ve is\u0327sizlikle mu\u0308cadele ederek gec\u0327iriyor.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

O\u0308ncelikle genc\u0327lig\u0306in sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n en c\u0327ok dile getirildig\u0306i u\u0308niversitelerden bas\u0327layal\u0131m. I\u0307stanbul U\u0308niversitesi Hukuk Faku\u0308ltesi 3. S\u0131n\u0131f o\u0308g\u0306rencisi Faruk Baydemir\u2019e sorduk.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Nurcan Akkaya:<\/span> U\u0308niversitelerin yu\u0308z yu\u0308ze ac\u0327\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan pek c\u0327ok o\u0308g\u0306renci sorunu tekrar gu\u0308ndeme gelmeye bas\u0327lad\u0131. Sizce bugu\u0308n u\u0308niversiteli genc\u0327lig\u0306in en bu\u0308yu\u0308k sorunu nedir?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\"\"<\/a>Faruk Baydemir:<\/span> En bu\u0308yu\u0308k sorunlar\u0131m\u0131z ekonomi temelli sorunlar oluyor. Al\u0131m gu\u0308cu\u0308mu\u0308z gu\u0308nden gu\u0308ne du\u0308s\u0327erken, temel ihtiyac\u0327lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kars\u0327\u0131layamaz hale geliyoruz. TU\u0308I\u0307K\u2019in ac\u0327\u0131klad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 verilerden bile anlas\u0327\u0131lacag\u0306\u0131 u\u0308zere u\u0308niversite o\u0308g\u0306rencilerinin birc\u0327og\u0306unun ailesi yoksulluk s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda yas\u0327\u0131yor. Aileler c\u0327ocuklar\u0131na yeterli maddi desteg\u0306i sag\u0306layam\u0131yor. KYK burslar\u0131 ise yetersiz; burs alamayan o\u0308g\u0306renciler kredi almak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor. Krediler her gec\u0327en y\u0131l artan geri o\u0308deme miktarlar\u0131 ile o\u0308g\u0306rencilerin s\u0131rt\u0131nda bu\u0308yu\u0308k bir kambur haline geliyor. O\u0308g\u0306renciler daha u\u0308niversite s\u0131ralar\u0131nda bu borc\u0327 alt\u0131nda eziliyor. Al\u0131nan burs ve kredilerin yetersizlig\u0306i ihtiyac\u0327lar\u0131 kars\u0327\u0131layabilmek ic\u0327in c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327may\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor. I\u0307s\u0327 bulmak zor olsa da bir s\u0327ekilde is\u0327 bulabilenler ag\u0306\u0131r ve gu\u0308vencesiz c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327ma kos\u0327ullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327mak zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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Enflasyon dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u0131da, giyim, bar\u0131nma gibi temel ihtiyac\u0327 kalemlerinin bulundug\u0306u sekto\u0308rlerde bu\u0308yu\u0308k bir fiyat art\u0131s\u0327\u0131 oldug\u0306unu go\u0308ru\u0308yoruz. O\u0308zellikle bar\u0131nma o\u0308g\u0306renciler ic\u0327in en gu\u0308ncel sorun. Pandemi do\u0308neminin bu\u0308tu\u0308n ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 c\u0327\u0131kar\u0131rcas\u0131na yurt ve ev kiralar\u0131n\u0131n fahis\u0327 bic\u0327imde art\u0131s\u0327\u0131, daha u\u0308niversiteler ac\u0327\u0131lmadan o\u0308g\u0306rencileri kayg\u0131land\u0131r\u0131yor. Evini kapat\u0131p memleketine do\u0308nen ve u\u0308niversiteye yeni bas\u0327layacak o\u0308g\u0306rencileri emlakc\u0327\u0131lar, ev sahipleri ve sag\u0306l\u0131ks\u0131z kos\u0327ullardaki yurtlar aras\u0131nda bir mu\u0308cadele bekliyor. KYK yurtlar\u0131 hem kontenjan hem de nitelik bak\u0131m\u0131ndan yetersiz oldug\u0306u ic\u0327in maddi durumu iyi olmayan o\u0308g\u0306renciler cemaat ve vak\u0131f yurtlar\u0131nda kalmaya mecbur b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

U\u0308niversitelerin ac\u0327\u0131lmas\u0131yla eg\u0306itim giderlerini kars\u0327\u0131layamayan, konser veya tiyatroya gidip arkadas\u0327lar\u0131yla oturup bir kahve ic\u0327emeyen, hatta beslenme giderlerini kars\u0327\u0131lamakta gu\u0308c\u0327lu\u0308k c\u0327ektig\u0306i ic\u0327in ucuz ve sag\u0306l\u0131ks\u0131z g\u0131dalara yo\u0308nelen genc\u0327ler go\u0308receg\u0306iz.<\/p>\n

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Bunlar yetmezmis\u0327 gibi o\u0308g\u0306renciler, yog\u0306un bir gelecek kayg\u0131s\u0131 ile hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131g\u0306\u0131na ug\u0306ram\u0131s\u0327 bir s\u0327ekilde eg\u0306itimine devam ediyor. O\u0308rneg\u0306in benim okumus\u0327 oldug\u0306um\u00a0faku\u0308ltede go\u0308rdu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308m kadar\u0131yla, hukuk faku\u0308ltesini tercih edenlerin ana tercih sebebi gu\u0308zel bir gelecek hayali idi. Fakat u\u0308niversite o\u0308g\u0306rencilerinin genelinde oldug\u0306u gibi hukuk o\u0308g\u0306rencileri de bu\u0308yu\u0308k bir gelecek sorunu ile kars\u0327\u0131 kars\u0327\u0131ya. C\u0327u\u0308nku\u0308 gelinen bu noktada hukuk faku\u0308ltelerinden mezun olanlar\u0131n birc\u0327og\u0306u gec\u0327inemiyor ve bu mesleg\u0306i yapmak istemiyor.<\/p>\n

N.A.:<\/span> Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019deki hukuk eg\u0306itimi hakk\u0131nda neler du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308nu\u0308yorsunuz?<\/p>\n

Faruk Baydemir:<\/span> Hukuk faku\u0308ltelerinin bugu\u0308n en bu\u0308yu\u0308k sorunlar\u0131ndan bir tanesi niteliksizles\u0327me. Her ile ac\u0327\u0131lan u\u0308niversiteler ve bunlara bag\u0306l\u0131 hukuk faku\u0308lteleri, hem o\u0308g\u0306renci hem de akademisyen kalitesini du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308ru\u0308yor. Birc\u0327ok u\u0308niversitede yeterli akademik kadro yok. Hatta baz\u0131 kadrolar\u0131n ilahiyat faku\u0308ltelerinden dolduruldug\u0306unu go\u0308rdu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308mu\u0308z faku\u0308lteler bile oldu. Hukuk faku\u0308ltelerine giris\u0327te artt\u0131r\u0131lan kontenjanlar nedeniyle her gec\u0327en y\u0131l daha c\u0327ok say\u0131da kis\u0327i hukuk mezunu oluyor. S\u0131ralamalar\u0131n du\u0308s\u0327mesi ile her gec\u0327en gu\u0308n o\u0308g\u0306renci profilinin nitelig\u0306i deg\u0306is\u0327irken, hukuk mesleklerini yapanlar\u0131n nitelig\u0306idog\u0306rudan etkileniyor. Nitelig\u0306i uygun olmayanlar\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve art\u0131k yeni hukuk faku\u0308ltesi ac\u0327\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

Kalabal\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131flar, o\u0308g\u0306renciler ve akademisyenler aras\u0131nda iletis\u0327im kurulamamas\u0131na sebep oluyor. O\u0308g\u0306renci, kalabal\u0131g\u0306\u0131n ic\u0327inde kaybolarak u\u0308niversiteden uzaklas\u0327abiliyor. S\u0131n\u0131flardaki kis\u0327i say\u0131s\u0131 azalt\u0131larak o\u0308g\u0306rencilerin akademisyenlerle iletis\u0327im kurmas\u0131 kolaylas\u0327t\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131. Bugu\u0308n hukuk o\u0308g\u0306rencileri, ana kaynak okuyup dersi derste takip etmek yerine, not okuyarak hukuku yu\u0308zeysel bic\u0327imde o\u0308g\u0306reniyor. U\u0308niversite giris\u0327 s\u0131nav\u0131nda da c\u0327ok iyi deneyimledig\u0306imiz s\u0131nav odakl\u0131 c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327ma tarz\u0131n\u0131n hukuk faku\u0308ltelerine uyarlanm\u0131s\u0327 bic\u0327imindeki bu c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327ma tarz\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131n oldug\u0306unu go\u0308ru\u0308yoruz.<\/p>\n

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Tu\u0308m bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda faku\u0308ltelerde verilen eg\u0306itim, nitelig\u0306i itibariyle uygulamadan yoksun. Bu durum yeni mezun hukukc\u0327ular\u0131 deyim yerindeyse sudan c\u0327\u0131km\u0131s\u0327 bal\u0131g\u0306a do\u0308nu\u0308s\u0327tu\u0308ru\u0308yor. Tu\u0308m u\u0308niversite eg\u0306itimi boyunca faku\u0308ltede teorik olarak birc\u0327ok s\u0327ey anlat\u0131lsa da adliye sisteminin nas\u0131l c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327t\u0131g\u0306\u0131n\u0131 bilmeyen, dilekc\u0327e bile yazamayan o\u0308g\u0306renciler mezun oldug\u0306unda bu\u0308yu\u0308k adaptasyon sorunu yas\u0327\u0131yor. Pratik derslerin art\u0131r\u0131larak buna, adliye sistemini ve hukuk mesleg\u0306ini o\u0308g\u0306retici uygulamalar\u0131n eklenmesi gerektig\u0306ini du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308nu\u0308yorum. U\u0308niversite ic\u0327inde verilmesi gereken uygulamaya yo\u0308nelik eg\u0306itimlerle, avukatl\u0131k staj\u0131ndaki uzun ve verimsiz adliye staj\u0131n\u0131n verimli hale do\u0308nu\u0308s\u0327tu\u0308ru\u0308lmesine yo\u0308nelik bir c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327ma olarak deg\u0306erlendirilerek, hukuk mezunlar\u0131n\u0131n gelecek kayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bir nebze olsun azaltmas\u0131 da sag\u0306lanabilir.<\/p>\n

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U\u0308niversiteden\u00a0yeni mezun\u00a0olmus\u0327, is\u0327 arayan\u00a0veya c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327an\u00a0genc\u0327ler ic\u0327in du\u0308nya\u00a0oldukc\u0327a belirsiz.\u00a0U\u0308niversite\u00a0say\u0131s\u0131nda ve\u00a0kontenjanlardaki\u00a0art\u0131s\u0327\u0131n\u00a0sonuc\u0327lar\u0131n\u0131 tam\u00a0da bu noktada\u00a0go\u0308rebiliriz.\u00a0I\u0307stanbul\u00a0U\u0308niversitesi Hukuk Faku\u0308ltesi 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 mezunu Zeynep Nur Yalc\u0327\u0131nkaya ic\u0327inde bulundug\u0306u su\u0308reci bizlerle paylas\u0327t\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

N.A.:<\/span> Meslek hayat\u0131n\u0131n bas\u0327\u0131nda bir genc\u0327 olarak siz ve dig\u0306er u\u0308niversite mezunu arkadas\u0327lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kars\u0327\u0131las\u0327t\u0131g\u0306\u0131 sorunlar nelerdir?<\/p>\n

Zeynep Nur Yalc\u0327\u0131nkaya:<\/span> O\u0308ncelikle son on y\u0131l ic\u0327inde artan hukuk faku\u0308ltesi say\u0131s\u0131 ve hukuk mezunlar\u0131n\u0131n bu kadar c\u0327ok olus\u0327u pek c\u0327ok sorun dog\u0306uruyor. En bas\u0327ta yeni mezunlar is\u0327sizlik sorunu ile kars\u0327\u0131 kars\u0327\u0131ya kal\u0131yor. I\u0307s\u0327 bulabilenler de c\u0327ok gu\u0308lu\u0308nc\u0327 rakamlarla ve \"\"<\/a>zor s\u0327artlar alt\u0131nda c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327\u0131yor. Pandemi ile artan yas\u0327am giderleri, ev kiralar\u0131 ve faturalar derken, al\u0131nan stajyer u\u0308creti insani kos\u0327ullarda yas\u0327am imkan\u0131 sag\u0306lam\u0131yor. Pek c\u0327ok arkadas\u0327\u0131mdan c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327t\u0131g\u0306\u0131 yerde mobbinge maruz kald\u0131g\u0306\u0131 ve kavga ederek ayr\u0131lmak zorunda kald\u0131g\u0306\u0131 haberini al\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

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Bunun yan\u0131nda o\u0308demek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131g\u0306\u0131m\u0131z KYK borcu ise boynumuzda bir zincir gibi duruyor. Bugu\u0308n Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019de 5 milyon kis\u0327inin KYK borcu bulunuyor. Tu\u0308rkiye ekonomisinde yas\u0327anan do\u0308nu\u0308s\u0327u\u0308m ile bunlardan 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda mezun olanlar\u0131n\u0131n o\u0308demesi gereken faiz fark\u0131, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 mezunlar\u0131ndan kat be kat fazla. O\u0308rneg\u0306in 4 y\u0131l boyunca al\u0131nan o\u0308g\u0306renim kredisi miktar\u0131 28.440 TL iken, o\u0308denmesi gereken miktar 48.195 TL. Bu ciddi bir art\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r ve yeni mezun genc\u0327leri umutsuzlug\u0306a su\u0308ru\u0308kleyen en bu\u0308yu\u0308k sorunlardan biridir.<\/p>\n

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Ayr\u0131ca avukatl\u0131k staj\u0131n\u0131 yapmak ic\u0327in bir bu\u0308roya bas\u0327vurdug\u0306umuzda bizden yeni mezun birinin sahip olamayacag\u0306\u0131 deneyim ve nitelikler arand\u0131g\u0306\u0131n\u0131 go\u0308ru\u0308yoruz. Ha\u0302kim ve savc\u0131 olmak isteyenler ise zor bir s\u0131nava haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor ve referans sistemi nedeniyle birc\u0327og\u0306u, emeg\u0306inin kars\u0327\u0131l\u0131g\u0306\u0131n\u0131 alamayacag\u0306\u0131ndan kayg\u0131lan\u0131yor. Maalesef ki mu\u0308lakatlarda \u201cReferans\u0131n\u0131z kim?\u201d sorusu eleyici soru oluyor.<\/p>\n

N.A.: Sizce bu sorunlar\u0131n c\u0327o\u0308zu\u0308mu\u0308 ic\u0327in ne yap\u0131lmal\u0131?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zeynep Nur Yalc\u0327\u0131nkaya:<\/span> O\u0308ncelikle mecliste patronlar\u0131n vergi borc\u0327lar\u0131n\u0131 tek kalemde silmekte zorluk yas\u0327amayan milleti temsil etmesi gereken milletvekillerinin, lay\u0131k\u0131yla o\u0308g\u0306rencileri de temsil etmesi ve KYK borc\u0327lar\u0131n\u0131n silinmesi gerek.<\/p>\n

Hukuk eg\u0306itimi iyiles\u0327tirilmeli; geleceg\u0306in hukukc\u0327ular\u0131 laik ve bilimsel bir eg\u0306itimle yetis\u0327tirilmeli. Ayr\u0131ca her bina dikenin hukuk faku\u0308ltesi ac\u0327mas\u0131 engellenmelidir. Ha\u0302kim ve savc\u0131 al\u0131mlar\u0131nda referans sistemi kald\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131 ve liyakata dayal\u0131 adil bir sistem benimsenmeli.<\/p>\n

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Hukuk bu\u0308rolar\u0131nda ucuz emek gu\u0308cu\u0308 olarak zor kos\u0327ullarda, du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308k u\u0308cretlerle c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r\u0131lan stajyer avukatlar\u0131n staj kos\u0327ullar\u0131n\u0131n iyiles\u0327tirilmesi ic\u0327in bir an o\u0308nce gerekli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmal\u0131. Stajyer avukatlar\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n iyiles\u0327tirilmesi demek, avukatlar\u0131n c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327ma kos\u0327ullar\u0131n\u0131n iyiles\u0327tirilmesi demektir. Son do\u0308nemde artan meslekteki do\u0308nu\u0308s\u0327u\u0308m ve sald\u0131r\u0131lar sonucu savunman\u0131n gu\u0308c\u0327lu\u0308 kalmas\u0131 ic\u0327in at\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken ad\u0131mlar\u0131n en birincisi stajyer avukatlar ve avukatlar ic\u0327in u\u0308cret du\u0308zenlemesi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Avukatlar ic\u0327in de bir du\u0308zenleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308ncem, asgari u\u0308cretin alt\u0131nda c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327an avukatlar\u0131n da olmas\u0131 ve meslek ic\u0327inde ekonomik uc\u0327urumun giderek artmas\u0131ndand\u0131r. Bu konuda mesleki o\u0308rgu\u0308tlenmenin sag\u0306lanmas\u0131 ve bir etik bilincin olus\u0327turulmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Bilinmelidir ki, o\u0308nceki nesiller hukuk ad\u0131na bu kadar mu\u0308cadele vermis\u0327 olmasalard\u0131 s\u0327u an bulundug\u0306umuz kos\u0327ullarda olamazd\u0131k.<\/p>\n

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Son so\u0308z en genis\u0327 anlam\u0131yla genc\u0327lig\u0306i saran gu\u0308vencesiz kos\u0327ullar\u0131 okurlar\u0131m\u0131za sunabilmek ad\u0131na DI\u0307SK-AR Uzman\u0131 Deniz Beyazbulut\u2019un.<\/span><\/p>\n

N.A.:<\/span> Deniz Han\u0131m, bildig\u0306iniz u\u0308zere genc\u0327ler ic\u0327in \u201cgaranti meslek\u201d denilebilecek bir meslek art\u0131k yok. Sorunlar bu\u0308yu\u0308k, genc\u0327lik bu sorunlar alt\u0131nda eziliyor. DI\u0307SK-AR temmuz ay\u0131nda Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019de Genc\u0327 I\u0307stihdam\u0131 Raporu\u2019nu yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Hem raporu hem de 2021 Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019sinde genc\u0327lig\u0306in durumunu Hukuk Defterleri ic\u0327in deg\u0306erlendirir misiniz?<\/p>\n

Deniz Beyazbulut:<\/span> 2021 Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019sinde genc\u0327leri is\u0327sizlik ve gu\u0308vencesizlik u\u0308zerinden tarif etmemiz elbette mu\u0308mku\u0308n. Bunlardan en can yak\u0131c\u0131 olan\u0131 \u201cis\u0327sizlik\u201d. I\u0307s\u0327siz olma halini sadece gelir yoksunlug\u0306u u\u0308zerinden okumak eksik bir okuma olur. I\u0307s\u0327sizlig\u0306in ayn\u0131 zamanda sosyal bir risk oldug\u0306unu go\u0308z ard\u0131 etmemek gerekiyor. I\u0307s\u0327siz olma hali, sosyal ve ekonomik risklere kars\u0327\u0131 bir \u201cgu\u0308vencesizlik\u201d hali yarat\u0131r. Bu gu\u0308vencesizlik ise toplumda kayg\u0131y\u0131, endis\u0327eyi ve o\u0308fkeyi beraberinde getirir.1<\/strong> Covid-19 do\u0308nemi ve o\u0308ncesinde Ag\u0306ustos 2019\u2019dan itibaren derinles\u0327en ekonomik kriz genc\u0327leri ekonomik ve sosyal risklere kars\u0327\u0131 daha da savunmas\u0131z hale getirdi. O\u0308zellikle salg\u0131n do\u0308nemi genc\u0327ler ic\u0327in ciddi bir y\u0131k\u0131ma yol ac\u0327t\u0131.\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

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Uluslararas\u0131 C\u0327al\u0131s\u0327ma O\u0308rgu\u0308tu\u0308 (ILO) o\u0308zellikle genc\u0327lerin, salg\u0131n sebebiyle bir krizle kars\u0327\u0131 kars\u0327\u0131ya oldug\u0306unu vurgulad\u0131. Hatta ILO, Covid-19\u2019un genc\u0327ler u\u0308zerindeki y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131na dikkat c\u0327ekmek ic\u0327in \u201ckarantina nesil\u201d ifadesini kulland\u0131.2<\/strong> Yaklas\u0327\u0131k Mart 2019\u2019dan itibaren salg\u0131n\u0131n is\u0327gu\u0308cu\u0308 piyasalar\u0131 u\u0308zerinde yaratt\u0131g\u0306\u0131 olumsuz etki ve eg\u0306itim ve o\u0308g\u0306renimde yas\u0327anan aksamalar ile birlikte genc\u0327ler ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan kopuk bir su\u0308rec\u0327 yas\u0327an\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kay\u0131p bir nesil gerc\u0327eg\u0306i ile kars\u0327\u0131 kars\u0327\u0131yay\u0131z.<\/p>\n

DI\u0307SK Aras\u0327t\u0131rma Merkezi (DI\u0307SK-AR) salg\u0131n do\u0308neminde Tu\u0308rkiye I\u0307statistik Kurumu\u2019nun yay\u0131mlad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 verilerin o\u0308zellikle salg\u0131n do\u0308neminde gerc\u0327ek tabloyu yans\u0131tmamas\u01313 sebebiyle alternatif is\u0327sizlik ve istihdam hesaplamalar\u0131 yapt\u0131. TU\u0308I\u0307K\u2019in May\u0131s 2021 do\u0308nemine ait Temmuz verilerinde genc\u0327 is\u0327sizlig\u0306i yu\u0308zde 24 olarak yay\u0131mland\u0131. DI\u0307SK-AR taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan genis\u0327 tan\u0131ml\u0131 is\u0327sizlik olarak tarif ettig\u0306imiz hesaplamaya go\u0308re ise genc\u0327lerde is\u0327sizlik yu\u0308zde 40\u2019\u0131n u\u0308zerinde gerc\u0327ekles\u0327ti. Sadece Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019de deg\u0306il tu\u0308m du\u0308nyada genc\u0327ler salg\u0131n nedeniyle is\u0327 kay\u0131plar\u0131 yas\u0327ad\u0131. Salg\u0131n o\u0308ncesinde yu\u0308zde 17 olan is\u0327sizlik seviyeleri, salg\u0131n do\u0308neminde yu\u0308zde 27\u2019ye c\u0327\u0131kt\u0131.4<\/strong><\/p>\n

Salg\u0131n do\u0308neminin is\u0327gu\u0308cu\u0308 piyasalar\u0131 u\u0308zerindeki y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkisi dig\u0306er kriz do\u0308nemlerinden farkl\u0131 bir seyir izledi. Genelde olag\u0306anu\u0308stu\u0308 do\u0308nemlerde is\u0327gu\u0308cu\u0308 piyasalar\u0131nda is\u0327sizlik ciddi bir bic\u0327imde etkisini go\u0308sterirken, salg\u0131n do\u0308neminde is\u0327sizlikle birlikte is\u0327gu\u0308cu\u0308nden c\u0327ekilmeler daha ac\u0327\u0131k ifadeyle is\u0327gu\u0308cu\u0308ne dahil olamama say\u0131lar\u0131nda art\u0131s\u0327lar go\u0308zlendi. Genc\u0327lerde de yas\u0327anan is\u0327 kay\u0131plar\u0131, is\u0327sizlikten ziyade is\u0327gu\u0308cu\u0308nden c\u0327ekilmeye neden oldu. Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 2020\u2019de yetis\u0327kinler (25+) ic\u0327in yu\u0308zde 3,7, genc\u0327ler ic\u0327in ise (15-24) yu\u0308zde 8,7\u2019lik bir is\u0327gu\u0308cu\u0308 kayb\u0131na neden olmus\u0327tur.5<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019de de benzer bir bic\u0327imde genc\u0327lerde gerc\u0327ekles\u0327en bu eg\u0306ilimin sebebine bak\u0131ld\u0131g\u0306\u0131nda, is\u0327 bulmaktan u\u0308midi kaybeden genc\u0327lerin say\u0131s\u0131nda gerc\u0327ekles\u0327en art\u0131s\u0327\u0131 go\u0308ru\u0308yoruz. U\u0308midi kalmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 ic\u0327in is\u0327 aramay\u0131 erteleyen veya sonland\u0131ran genc\u0327ler is\u0327gu\u0308cu\u0308ne dahil olamamaktad\u0131rlar. Hali haz\u0131rda salg\u0131n o\u0308ncesinde is\u0327 bulmaya dair umutsuz olma halinin salg\u0131n sonras\u0131nda derinles\u0327tig\u0306i so\u0308ylenebilir.<\/p>\n

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Salg\u0131n o\u0308ncesinde is\u0327gu\u0308cu\u0308ne kat\u0131lma oranlar\u0131 erkeklere go\u0308re daha du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308k ve gu\u0308vencesiz c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327man\u0131n daha yayg\u0131n oldug\u0306u genc\u0327 kad\u0131nlar ic\u0327in, salg\u0131n su\u0308recinin daha ciddi boyutlarda yas\u0327and\u0131g\u0306\u0131 so\u0308ylenebilir. Genc\u0327 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n genis\u0327 tan\u0131ml\u0131 is\u0327sizlik oran\u0131 yu\u0308zde 54,8 iken genc\u0327 erkeklerde bu oran yu\u0308zde 38,8\u2019dir. Genc\u0327 kad\u0131n ve genc\u0327 erkeklerde genis\u0327 tan\u0131ml\u0131 is\u0327sizlik oran\u0131 puan fark\u0131 16\u2019d\u0131r (Grafik).<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bu\u0308yu\u0308k bir bo\u0308lu\u0308mu\u0308nu\u0308n salg\u0131ndan ag\u0306\u0131r bir bic\u0327imde etkilenen sekto\u0308rlerde c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327mas\u0131, is\u0327 kay\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131nlarda daha fazla gerc\u0327ekles\u0327mesine neden oldu. Bu eg\u0306ilim genc\u0327 kad\u0131nlarda da go\u0308zlendi. Konaklama ve yiyecek hizmetleri, toptan- perakende ve ticaret ve eg\u0306itim bas\u0327ta olmak u\u0308zere salg\u0131ndan ag\u0306\u0131r zarar go\u0308rmu\u0308s\u0327 sekto\u0308rlerde kad\u0131n istihdam\u0131 yog\u0306undur. I\u0307kinci o\u0308nemli neden ise salg\u0131n boyunca ev ic\u0327i bak\u0131m yu\u0308klerindeki es\u0327itsiz dag\u0306\u0131l\u0131md\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar, salg\u0131n do\u0308neminde o\u0308zellikle ev ic\u0327i bak\u0131m yu\u0308klerinin artmas\u0131 nedeniyle istihdamdan daha fazla c\u0327ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131. ILO\u2019ya go\u0308re kad\u0131nlar u\u0308zerindeki bu etkiler is\u0327gu\u0308cu\u0308 piyasalar\u0131ndaki kimi cinsiyet es\u0327itlig\u0306i kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 geriye go\u0308tu\u0308rebilir ve es\u0327itsizlikleri ag\u0306\u0131rlas\u0327t\u0131rabilir.6<\/strong><\/p>\n

N.A.:<\/span> Sizce rapora konu olan sorunlar\u0131n ana kaynag\u0306\u0131 nedir?<\/p>\n

Deniz Beyazbulut:<\/span> Genc\u0327 nu\u0308fusun yog\u0306un oldug\u0306u u\u0308lkelerden olan Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019de, artan bu genc\u0327 nu\u0308fusa rag\u0306men yeterli istihdam olanaklar\u0131 yarat\u0131lamamaktad\u0131r. Yarat\u0131lan istihdam gu\u0308venceli deg\u0306il, gec\u0327ici istihdamd\u0131r. I\u0307S\u0327KUR\u2019un Toplum Yarar\u0131na C\u0327al\u0131s\u0327ma Program\u0131 (TYP), I\u0307s\u0327bas\u0327\u0131 Eg\u0306itim Program\u0131 (I\u0307EP) gibi aktif istihdam politikalar\u0131 da gec\u0327ici istihdam odakl\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sa su\u0308reli olan bu programlar du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308k u\u0308cretli, gec\u0327ici istihdam\u0131 tes\u0327vik etmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla gu\u0308venceli istihdam deg\u0306il, gec\u0327ici ve gu\u0308vencesiz istihdam yarat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308k u\u0308cretli, sigortas\u0131z, gu\u0308vencesiz genc\u0327 bir toplum yarat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Grafik: 15-24 Yas\u0327 Aras\u0131 Genc\u0327lerde Dar ve Genis\u0327 Tan\u0131ml\u0131 I\u0307s\u0327siz Say\u0131lar\u0131 ve I\u0307s\u0327sizlik Oranlar\u0131 (Bin) (Yu\u0308zde) (2021. 2.C\u0327eyrek)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\"page40image4462272\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Kaynak: TU\u0308I\u0307K Hanehalk\u0131 I\u0307s\u0327gu\u0308cu\u0308 Aras\u0327t\u0131rmas\u0131, 2021 2. C\u0327eyrek. DI\u0307SK-AR taraf\u0131ndan hesaplanm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019de genc\u0327 is\u0327sizlig\u0306i kategorisinde eg\u0306itimli genc\u0327 is\u0327sizlig\u0306i o\u0308n plana c\u0327\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Eg\u0306itim seviyesi yu\u0308kselmesinin is\u0327sizlikle mu\u0308cadelede yeterli du\u0308zeyde etkili olamad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 go\u0308ru\u0308lmektedir. Genc\u0327 is\u0327sizlig\u0306i aras\u0131nda yu\u0308ksek o\u0308g\u0306renim is\u0327sizlig\u0306i yu\u0308ksek oranda seyretmektedir. Bu durum eg\u0306itimli is\u0327gu\u0308cu\u0308nu\u0308n (yu\u0308ksek o\u0308g\u0306renimi tamamlam\u0131s\u0327) istihdam edilememesi ya da gu\u0308vencesiz istihdam edilmesi sorununu dog\u0306urmus\u0327tur. O\u0308te yandan yu\u0308kseko\u0308g\u0306renim mezunu olanlar\u0131n meslekleri ile yap\u0131lan is\u0327ler ayr\u0131s\u0327makta, eg\u0306itim ve o\u0308g\u0306renim su\u0308recinde kazan\u0131lan becerilerin gerc\u0327ek hayatta kars\u0327\u0131l\u0131g\u0306\u0131n\u0131 bulmak konusunda zorluklarla kars\u0327\u0131las\u0327\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u201cGaranti meslek\u201d denilebilecek meslekler gu\u0308vencesiz is\u0327lere dog\u0306ru kaymaktad\u0131r. \u201cPrestijli\u201d is\u0327lerde dahi du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308k u\u0308cret ve sigortas\u0131zl\u0131k yayg\u0131nlas\u0327maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

N.A.:<\/span> Peki, sizce bu sorunlar\u0131n c\u0327o\u0308zu\u0308mu\u0308 ic\u0327in nas\u0131l bir yol izlenmelidir?<\/p>\n

Deniz Beyazbulut:<\/span> Genc\u0327 is\u0327sizlig\u0306i Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019nin deg\u0306is\u0327meyen gu\u0308ndemleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Genc\u0327 is\u0327sizlig\u0306i yap\u0131sal bir problemdir. Bu problem politika gu\u0308ndemleri aras\u0131nda yer almal\u0131 ve c\u0327o\u0308zu\u0308m o\u0308nerileri gelis\u0327tirilmelidir. Genc\u0327lerin is\u0327 bulmaya dair umutlar\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 bir Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019de aktif istihdam politikalar\u0131yla gu\u0308vencesiz istihdam\u0131n tes\u0327vik edilmesi ve yeterli istihdam yarat\u0131lamamas\u0131, umutsuz, kayg\u0131l\u0131 ve endis\u0327eli bir genc\u0327 toplum yarat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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Eg\u0306itim seviyesi istihdam\u0131 artt\u0131rsa da, yu\u0308kseko\u0308g\u0306renim mezunu olmak is\u0327 bulma konusunda bir nebze olsa kolayl\u0131k sag\u0306lasa da mezun olunan is\u0327te c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327mak giderek zorlas\u0327\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

1980\u2019lerden itibaren o\u0308n plana c\u0327\u0131kan ve 2000\u2019li y\u0131llardan itibaren s\u0327is\u0327irilen \u201cHer I\u0307le Bir U\u0308niversite\u201d politikas\u0131n\u0131n eg\u0306itimin kalitesini du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308rdu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308nu\u0308 ve genc\u0327 is\u0327sizlig\u0306ini artt\u0131rd\u0131g\u0306\u0131 go\u0308ru\u0308lmu\u0308s\u0327tu\u0308r.7 Ancak bu politika bir eg\u0306itim politikas\u0131 olmaktan c\u0327ok bir iktisadi politikad\u0131r. Genc\u0327lere yo\u0308nelik iktisadi politikalardan o\u0308te uzun vadeli nitelikli eg\u0306itim planlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bugu\u0308n u\u0308niversite mezunu bir genc\u0327 yaln\u0131zca u\u0308niversite mezunu olmak deg\u0306il, ayn\u0131 zaman bir yabanc\u0131 dil bilmek, yurtd\u0131s\u0327\u0131nda staj yapmak ya da aras\u0327t\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak bulunmak, is\u0327 tecru\u0308besine sahip olmak gibi mu\u0308fredat d\u0131s\u0327\u0131 birc\u0327ok kos\u0327ulu yerine getirmek zorunda b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r.8 Genc\u0327lere yo\u0308nelik iktisadi politikalar yerine eg\u0306itim politikalar\u0131na ag\u0306\u0131rl\u0131k verilmeli ve eg\u0306itimin kalitesi art\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Meslek liselerinde uygulamal\u0131 pratikler artt\u0131r\u0131lmal\u0131, genc\u0327 yurttas\u0327lar yanl\u0131s\u0327 eg\u0306itim politikalar\u0131na mahku\u0302m edilmemelidir.<\/p>\n

N.A.:<\/span> Deg\u0306erli katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z ic\u0327in tes\u0327ekku\u0308r ederiz. Ayd\u0131nl\u0131k gu\u0308nlerde go\u0308ru\u0308s\u0327mek u\u0308zere.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Dipnot<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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1. O\u0308zveri, M. (2019), \u201cI\u0307s\u0327sizlik C\u0327ag\u0306\u0131n Vebas\u0131d\u0131r\u201d, Evrensel Gazetesi.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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2. ILO (2020), ILO Monitor: Covid-19 and world of the work, Fourth Edition: 27 May\u0131s 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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3. DI\u0307SK-AR\u2019\u0131n TU\u0308I\u0307K\u2019in salg\u0131n do\u0308nemindeki is\u0327sizlik hesaplama yo\u0308ntemi ve alternatif hesaplamalarla ilgili ac\u0327\u0131klamas\u0131na bak\u0131labilir: DI\u0307SK-AR (2021), TU\u0308I\u0307K Nihayet Kabul Etti: \u201cGenis\u0327 Tan\u0131ml\u0131 I\u0307s\u0327sizlik Oran\u0131 Ortalama Yu\u0308zde 29, Kad\u0131nlar- da Yu\u0308zde 37, 3!\u201d Mart 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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4. OECD (2021), Employment Outlook- Jobs A Slow Rebound, Temmuz 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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5. ILO (2020), ILO Monitor: Covid-19 and world of the work, Sixth Edition: 25 Eylu\u0308l 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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6. DI\u0307SK-AR (2021), \u201cDI\u0307SK-AR Salg\u0131n\u0131n Bilanc\u0327osunu C\u0327\u0131kard\u0131: 3,6 Milyon I\u0307stihdam Kayb\u0131\u201d, Ag\u0306ustos 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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7. Yalc\u0327\u0131ntas\u0327 Altug\u0306, Akkaya Bu\u0308s\u0327ra, (2019), \u201cTu\u0308rkiye\u2019de Akademik Enflasyon: Her I\u0307le Bir U\u0308niversite Politikas\u0131 Sonras\u0131nda Tu\u0308rk Yu\u0308kseko\u0308g\u0306renim Sistemi\u201d, Ankara U\u0308niversitesi SBF Dergisi, Say\u0131 73\/3.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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8. Yalc\u0327\u0131ntas\u0327 Al., Akkaya B. (2019)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O\u0308zellikle bar\u0131nma o\u0308g\u0306renciler ic\u0327in en gu\u0308ncel sorun. Pandemi do\u0308neminin bu\u0308tu\u0308n ac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 c\u0327\u0131kar\u0131rcas\u0131na yurt ve ev kiralar\u0131n\u0131n fahis\u0327 bic\u0327imde art\u0131s\u0327\u0131, daha u\u0308niversiteler ac\u0327\u0131lmadan o\u0308g\u0306rencileri kayg\u0131land\u0131r\u0131yor. Evini kapat\u0131p memleketine do\u0308nen ve u\u0308niversiteye yeni bas\u0327layacak o\u0308g\u0306rencileri emlakc\u0327\u0131lar, ev sahipleri ve sag\u0306l\u0131ks\u0131z kos\u0327ullardaki yurtlar aras\u0131nda bir mu\u0308cadele bekliyor. Hukuk Defterleri Dergisi olarak hayat\u0131n her alan\u0131nda kendini go\u0308steren gu\u0308vencesizlig\u0306in genc\u0327ler […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":217,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,285,132],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayi33","category-roportaj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/217"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4917"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4917\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}