{"id":4924,"date":"2021-12-20T17:09:17","date_gmt":"2021-12-20T14:09:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=4924"},"modified":"2021-12-20T17:09:17","modified_gmt":"2021-12-20T14:09:17","slug":"umutsuzlugun-icyuzu-ilk-birikimin-surekliligi-ve-guvencesizlik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=4924","title":{"rendered":"\u201cUmutsuzlu\u011fun \u0130\u00e7y\u00fcz\u00fc\u201d: \u0130lk Birikimin S\u00fcreklili\u011fi ve G\u00fcvencesizlik"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 46\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p><strong>I<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cUmutsuzlug\u0306un i\u00e7y\u00fcz\u00fc <em>Sefiller<\/em>&#8216;in alt\u00a0bas\u0327l\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri; hatta bir bak\u0131mdan, Sefiller\u2019in kendisi. Bilindig\u0306i gibi Victor Hugo, Jean Valjean\u2019\u0131n, tarihin en bu\u0308yu\u0308k yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan birini o\u0308recek olan o ko\u0308kensel hikayesine \u2018Fantine\u2019 bas\u0327l\u0131kl\u0131 birinci bo\u0308lu\u0308mu\u0308n ikinci kitab\u0131nda yer verir: O\u0308ksu\u0308zlu\u0308k, yoksulluk, kalabal\u0131k bir ailenin genc\u0327 yas\u0327ta u\u0308stlenilen sorumlulug\u0306u, gu\u0308nde yaln\u0131zca 18 metelik, o da budama mevsiminde. K\u0131saca, koca bir sefalet. Go\u0308ru\u0308nen odur ki Jean Valjean, tarihsel do\u0308nu\u0308s\u0327u\u0308mu\u0308n o ac\u0131mas\u0131z uc\u0327urumundan pay\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r; O, \u2018mu\u0308lksu\u0308zles\u0327tirilenler\u2019in milyonlarca varisinden biridir ve tam da bu yu\u0308zden, yani \u2018gu\u0308ven\u2019de olmas\u0131n\u0131 sag\u0306layacak tek s\u0327ey sahip oldug\u0306u emek gu\u0308cu\u0308 oldug\u0306undan, \u201cyapabildig\u0306i her is\u0327i yapar\u201d. Fakat Marx\u2019\u0131n da dedig\u0306i gibi, \u201cu\u0308cretli is\u0327c\u0327i olmak [&#8230;] bir s\u0327ans deg\u0306il, s\u0327anss\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r\u201d.1 Jean Valjean sonunda is\u0327siz kal\u0131r. Sonras\u0131 malum. Bir ekmek ug\u0306runa is\u0327lenen, aff\u0131 imka\u0302ns\u0131z kadim suc\u0327: H\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131k. Ve onun asil hayaleti: Ceza. Hugo s\u0327o\u0308yle yazar: \u201cUygarl\u0131g\u0306\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n korkunc\u0327 saatleri vard\u0131r. Cezan\u0131n bir insan\u0131n mahv\u0131n\u0131 ilan ettig\u0306i anlard\u0131r bunlar\u201d.2<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 46\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Bas\u0327kahraman\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bu ac\u0131kl\u0131 hikayesinden sonra, \u201cumutsuzlug\u0306un ic\u0327yu\u0308zu\u0308\u201dnden so\u0308z eder Hugo. Jean Valjean\u2019\u0131n ic\u0327inde bu\u0308yu\u0308yen umutsuzlug\u0306un ve o\u0308fkenin insani ama karanl\u0131k muhasebesini yapar. Ald\u0131g\u0306\u0131 cezan\u0131n as\u0327\u0131r\u0131l\u0131g\u0306\u0131 haks\u0131z deg\u0306il mi diye sorar so\u0308z gelimi. Ag\u0306\u0131rlas\u0327t\u0131r\u0131lan hu\u0308ku\u0308m, gu\u0308c\u0327su\u0308ze kars\u0327\u0131 bir suikasttan bas\u0327ka ne olabilir? Fakat daha da o\u0308nce, c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327kan bir is\u0327c\u0327i oldug\u0306u halde ekmek bulamamas\u0131 yaln\u0131zca Jean Valjean\u2019\u0131n suc\u0327u mudur? \u201cToplumun bu gibi s\u0327eylere yak\u0131ndan bakmas\u0131 gerekir\u201d diye yazar, \u201cc\u0327u\u0308nku\u0308 bunlar\u0131 yapan odur\u201d.3<\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 46\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p>Hugo bu sorulara, roman\u0131n ilerleyen bo\u0308lu\u0308mu\u0308nde Fantine\u2019nin o\u0308lu\u0308mu\u0308yle yan\u0131t verir; \u201cNedir bu Fantine hikayesi?\u201d diye sorar. \u201cBir ko\u0308le sat\u0131n alan toplumun hikayesidir bu. Kimden sat\u0131n al\u0131yor? Sefaletten. Ac\u0327l\u0131ktan, sog\u0306uktan, yaln\u0131zl\u0131ktan, terk edilmis\u0327likten, yoksulluktan. Ac\u0131kl\u0131 bir al\u0131s\u0327veris\u0327. Bir lokma ekmeg\u0306e bir ruh. Sefalet sunuyor, toplum da kabul ediyor\u201d.4<\/p>\n<p>Unutmadan belirtelim, benzer bir s\u0327eyi, Friedrich Engels I\u0307ngiltere\u2019de Emekc\u0327i S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n Durumu bas\u0327l\u0131kl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda yazm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r: \u201cAyn\u0131 s\u0327ekilde toplum da, yu\u0308zlerce proleteri k\u0131l\u0131c\u0131n ya da kurs\u0327unun yol ac\u0327acag\u0306\u0131 o\u0308lu\u0308mler kadar vahs\u0327ice ve dog\u0306al olmayan, zamans\u0131z bir o\u0308lu\u0308mu\u0308n penc\u0327esine ittig\u0306inde, binlerce kis\u0327iyi yas\u0327am\u0131 ic\u0327in gerekli olan s\u0327eylerden yoksun b\u0131rakt\u0131g\u0306\u0131nda ve yas\u0327ayamayacag\u0306\u0131 kos\u0327ullar ic\u0327ine su\u0308ru\u0308kledig\u0306inde -kanunun gu\u0308c\u0327lu\u0308 kollar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kac\u0327\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir son olan o\u0308lu\u0308m teslim alana dek onlar\u0131 bu kos\u0327ullar alt\u0131nda kalmaya zorlad\u0131g\u0306\u0131nda- ve bu binlerce insan\u0131n yok olacag\u0306\u0131n\u0131 bile bile bu kos\u0327ullar\u0131n su\u0308rmesine izin verdig\u0306inde cinayet is\u0327lemektedir, bir bireyin is\u0327ledig\u0306inden farks\u0131z bir cinayet\u201d.5<\/p>\n<p>Hugo ve Engels\u2019in \u2018toplum\u2019 so\u0308zcu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308nden, basitc\u0327e, bir insanlar toplam\u0131n\u0131 anlamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 so\u0308ylemeye gerek yok san\u0131r\u0131m. Toplum bu pasajlarda, belirli bir bu\u0308tu\u0308nlu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308; insanlardan oldug\u0306u kadar -hatta daha da o\u0308nemlisi- belirli ilis\u0327ki, yap\u0131, bic\u0327im ve bag\u0306\u0131nt\u0131lardan olus\u0327an bir entiteyi ifade eder. Bu, kapitalist toplumdur; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla kapitalist toplumsal ilis\u0327kiler, yap\u0131lar, bic\u0327imler ve bag\u0306\u0131nt\u0131lard\u0131r so\u0308zu\u0308 edilen. I\u0307s\u0327te gu\u0308vencesizlik ad\u0131n\u0131 verdig\u0306imiz s\u0327ey de bunlardan biridir ve her ne kadar son otuz k\u0131rk y\u0131l\u0131n bir go\u0308ru\u0308ngu\u0308su\u0308 gibi ele al\u0131nsa da \u201ckapitalist toplumsal ilis\u0327kilerin kurulus\u0327una ve is\u0327leyis\u0327ine ic\u0327kindir\u201d.6<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p>Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri&#8217;nin 33. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I \u201cUmutsuzlug\u0306un i\u00e7y\u00fcz\u00fc Sefiller&#8216;in alt\u00a0bas\u0327l\u0131klar\u0131ndan biri; hatta bir bak\u0131mdan, Sefiller\u2019in kendisi. Bilindig\u0306i gibi Victor Hugo, Jean Valjean\u2019\u0131n, tarihin en bu\u0308yu\u0308k yap\u0131tlar\u0131ndan birini o\u0308recek olan o ko\u0308kensel hikayesine \u2018Fantine\u2019 bas\u0327l\u0131kl\u0131 birinci bo\u0308lu\u0308mu\u0308n ikinci kitab\u0131nda yer verir: O\u0308ksu\u0308zlu\u0308k, yoksulluk, kalabal\u0131k bir ailenin genc\u0327 yas\u0327ta u\u0308stlenilen sorumlulug\u0306u, gu\u0308nde yaln\u0131zca 18 metelik, o da budama mevsiminde. K\u0131saca, koca bir [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":39,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,285],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayi33"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/39"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4924"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4924\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}