{"id":5011,"date":"2022-04-12T14:53:55","date_gmt":"2022-04-12T11:53:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5011"},"modified":"2022-04-12T14:53:55","modified_gmt":"2022-04-12T11:53:55","slug":"sovyetler-birliginde-bilim-ve-universiteler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5011","title":{"rendered":"Sovyetler Birli\u011finde Bilim ve \u00dcniversiteler"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 33\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ekim Devriminin ard\u0131ndan Bols\u0327evikler iktidara geldig\u0306inde eski c\u0327arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131ndan kalan 12 u\u0308niversite vard\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n sadece bes\u0327i Sovyet Rusya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ic\u0327indeydi. 1917\u2019de nu\u0308fusu Rusya imparatorlug\u0306u nu\u0308fusuna yak\u0131n olan ABD\u2019deki u\u0308niversite mezunlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 Rusya\u2019ya go\u0308re 200 kat daha fazlayd\u0131. Aristokratik ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n koruyucusu olan c\u0327arl\u0131k rejimi u\u0308niversitelere giris\u0327 kap\u0131s\u0131 olan gimnazyumlara (liselere) is\u0327c\u0327i, ko\u0308ylu\u0308 ve \u201cas\u0327c\u0327\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n c\u0327ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d istisnai ha\u0302ller d\u0131s\u0327\u0131nda girmemesini ilke bellemis\u0327ti. Bols\u0327evikler ise temel ve yu\u0308ksek eg\u0306itimin ve bilimsel c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327man\u0131n kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 emekc\u0327i c\u0327ocuklar\u0131na ard\u0131na dek ac\u0327t\u0131lar. Ekim devriminin ard\u0131ndan her iki cinsiyetten ve her milliyetten bu\u0308tu\u0308n c\u0327ocuklar ic\u0327in u\u0308cretsiz, anadilde, karma ve laik eg\u0306itim ilkesi benimsendi. Ayn\u0131 zamanda bu\u0308tu\u0308n ko\u0308ylu\u0308 ve is\u0327c\u0327i c\u0327ocuklar\u0131na u\u0308niversite eg\u0306itimi ic\u0327in olanak yarat\u0131ld\u0131. Lenin hu\u0308ku\u0308metinin 2 Ag\u0306ustos 1918 tarihli bir karar\u0131nda yu\u0308ksek o\u0308g\u0306retim kurumlar\u0131na giris\u0327te al\u0131nan bu\u0308tu\u0308n harc\u0327lar\u0131n iptal edildig\u0306i ve 1918-19 o\u0308g\u0306retim y\u0131l\u0131 ic\u0327in varsa o\u0308nceden o\u0308denmis\u0327 paralar\u0131n da iade edilmesi gerektig\u0306i yaz\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131.1 Bols\u0327evikler ic\u0327 savas\u0327 su\u0308rerken bile u\u0308niversite ac\u0327maya, u\u0308niversiteleri c\u0327arl\u0131g\u0306\u0131n go\u0308tu\u0308rmedig\u0306i yerlere go\u0308tu\u0308rmeye c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327\u0131yorlard\u0131. O\u0308rneg\u0306in Eylu\u0308l 1920\u2019de Lenin\u2019in imzas\u0131yla Tas\u0327kent\u2019te Orta Asya Devlet U\u0308niversitesi kuruldu. Ayn\u0131 y\u0131l\u0131n aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda Erivan Devlet U\u0308niversitesi (ilk ad\u0131 Erivan Halk U\u0308niversitesi) kuruldu. Bu u\u0308niversite Ermenistan\u2019da ilk yu\u0308ksek o\u0308g\u0306retim kurumu ve bilim merkeziydi. Tiflis ve Baku\u0308\u2019de Mens\u0327evik ve Mu\u0308savat hu\u0308ku\u0308metlerinin Bols\u0327eviklerden o\u0308nce kurdug\u0306u u\u0308niversiteler de gelis\u0327me olanag\u0306\u0131 buldu.<\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 33\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sovyet o\u0308g\u0306retim sisteminde her u\u0308niversite o\u0308g\u0306rencisine burs veriliyordu ve bar\u0131nmalar\u0131 ic\u0327in yurtlar ac\u0327\u0131l\u0131yordu. Okumaya hevesli genc\u0327 is\u0327c\u0327ilere ve ko\u0308ylu\u0308lere u\u0308niversiteye girebilmeleri ic\u0327in u\u0308niversiteye haz\u0131rl\u0131k kurslar\u0131 ac\u0327\u0131ld\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca mesleki ilerleme kurslar\u0131 ac\u0327\u0131ld\u0131. Stalin\u2019in es\u0327i Nadejda ve geleceg\u0306in revizyonisti Nikita Hrus\u0327c\u0327ov da bu kurslara gidenler aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Hrus\u0327c\u0327ov bo\u0308yle bir kurstaki parti hu\u0308cresindeki enerjik c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327malar\u0131yla kendini go\u0308sterdi ve kariyerinin ilk ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 att\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri&#8217;nin 35. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ekim Devriminin ard\u0131ndan Bols\u0327evikler iktidara geldig\u0306inde eski c\u0327arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131ndan kalan 12 u\u0308niversite vard\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n sadece bes\u0327i Sovyet Rusya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 ic\u0327indeydi. 1917\u2019de nu\u0308fusu Rusya imparatorlug\u0306u nu\u0308fusuna yak\u0131n olan ABD\u2019deki u\u0308niversite mezunlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 Rusya\u2019ya go\u0308re 200 kat daha fazlayd\u0131. Aristokratik ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131n koruyucusu olan c\u0327arl\u0131k rejimi u\u0308niversitelere giris\u0327 kap\u0131s\u0131 olan gimnazyumlara (liselere) is\u0327c\u0327i, ko\u0308ylu\u0308 ve \u201cas\u0327c\u0327\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":231,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,303],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayi35"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5011","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/231"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5011"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5011\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5011"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5011"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}