{"id":5126,"date":"2022-11-01T00:25:18","date_gmt":"2022-10-31T21:25:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5126"},"modified":"2022-11-01T00:25:18","modified_gmt":"2022-10-31T21:25:18","slug":"hayvanlar-haklar-liberal-hak-teorilerinde-hayvana-yer-acarak-antroposantrizmden-kurtulabilir-miyiz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5126","title":{"rendered":"Hayvanlar & Haklar: Liberal Hak Teorilerinde Hayvana Yer A\u00e7arak Antroposantrizmden Kurtulabilir Miyiz?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kendisi de hayvanlar \u00e2leminin bir mensubu olan insan<\/em>\u0131n, kendisinden ba\u015fka hayvanlar \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi ku\u015fkusuz yeni bir fenomen de\u011fil. Hatta bu \u00f6ylesine malum bir \u00f6nerme ki yaz\u0131ya b\u00f6ylece ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmam kimi okurlarda yavan bir tat b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bile olabilir. Yine de kabaca son otuz y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde hayvanlara bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015fti. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn geri plan\u0131nda tarih\u00e7i Harriet Ritvo\u2019nun \u2018hayvan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u2019[1]<\/a> olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 akademik ak\u0131m\u0131n rol\u00fc yads\u0131namaz. Ritvo\u2019ya g\u00f6re, 70\u2019lerden ba\u015flayarak sosyal ve be\u015fer\u00ee bilimler literat\u00fcr\u00fcnde insan-hayvan ili\u015fkisini y\u00f6neten yerle\u015fik \u00f6\u011fretilere ele\u015ftirel yakla\u015fan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 birden muazzam bi\u00e7imde artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n t\u00fcm k\u00e2inat\u0131n merkezine koyan antroposantrik (insan<\/em>-merkezci) ya\u015fam kurgusunu sorgulayan bu \u2018yeni\u2019 ak\u0131m, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 insan<\/em>dan al\u0131p hayvana \u00e7evirmi\u015ftir. Bunun pratikteki en \u00f6nemli \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 ise, liberal h\u00fcmanizmin de\u011ferler k\u00fcmesinde, en iyi ihtimalle, insan<\/em> i\u00e7in ara\u00e7sal de\u011feri \u00fczerinden; ikincil olarak yer bulabilen hayvanlar\u0131n, kendilerine i\u00e7kin de\u011ferlerinin tan\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u2018T\u0131pk\u0131 insan gibi\u2019<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hayvan\u0131n kendisine i\u00e7kin de\u011ferini ortaya koyarken \u2018hayvan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u2019 literat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu temel taktik, liberal h\u00fcmanist teorilerin hayvan\u0131 d\u0131\u015flarken kulland\u0131klar\u0131 iddialar\u0131 \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmek olmu\u015ftur. S\u00f6z gelimi, Singer\u2019in \u2018azami haz; asgari ac\u0131\u2019 prensibine dayanan faydac\u0131 hayvan \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi tezi uyar\u0131nca[2]<\/a>, hayvanlar da t\u0131pk\u0131 insanlar gibi <\/em>\u2018hissedebilen varl\u0131klar\u2019 oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, onlar\u0131n menfaatleri de etik kalk\u00fcl\u00fcste do\u011frudan yer bulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun aksini iddia etmek, \u2018t\u00fcrc\u00fcl\u00fck\u2019ten; yani, t\u0131pk\u0131 \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve cinsiyet\u00e7ilikte oldu\u011fu gibi birini yaln\u0131zca mensup oldu\u011fu bir grup sebebiyle ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa tabi tutmaktan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir. \u00d6yleyse, insan-hayvan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131nda hem insan<\/em> hem de hayvan i\u00e7in asgari ac\u0131n\u0131n ve azami hazz\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi hedeflenmelidir. Buna g\u00f6re, insan<\/em>\u0131n, s\u00f6z gelimi, bir bardak s\u00fctten alaca\u011f\u0131 haz, s\u00fct\u00fcn \u00fcretilmesinde hayvan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ac\u0131dan daha fazla de\u011filse\u2014ki end\u00fcstriyel hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u015fleyi\u015fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcnce ortada k\u0131yas g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeyecek bir dengesizlik oldu\u011fu ortadad\u0131r\u2014s\u00fct\u00fc ne \u00fcretmek ne de t\u00fcketmek ahlaken savunulabilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan-hayvan kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n asgari ac\u0131ya sebep olacak bi\u00e7imde her olay \u00f6zelinde analiz edilmesini gerektiren faydac\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131m, hayvanlar\u0131n menfaatlerine egaliteryen yakla\u015fmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcyle devrim<\/em>ci olsa da tabiat\u0131 gere\u011fi ba\u011flamsal ve sonu\u00e7 odakl\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat, bug\u00fcn hayvanlara y\u00f6nelmi\u015f sistematik ve girift \u015fiddet kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, hayvanlar\u0131n faydac\u0131 teori \u00fczerinden pratikte mutlak olarak korunmas\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten de objektif olarak zordur. Bu sebeple, hayvan sorusuna deontolojik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar[1]<\/a>, hayvanlar\u0131n menfaatlerinin ancak ihlal edilemezlik prensibine dayanan hak temelli teorilerle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilece\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur.[2]<\/a> Buna g\u00f6re, bir bardak s\u00fct \u00f6rne\u011fine d\u00f6necek olursak, hayvanlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck haklar\u0131 tan\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, end\u00fcstriyel hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde hi\u00e7bir hayvan tutsak edilemeyecektir. \u0130nsan<\/em> menfaatleriyle hayvanlar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck hakk\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ihtimalde ise hangisine \u00f6ncelik tan\u0131naca\u011f\u0131, bir toplam ac\u0131-haz analizi \u00fczerinden de\u011fil; ancak haklar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 rejimine benzer bir bi\u00e7imde yap\u0131labilecektir.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri’nin 37. say\u0131s\u0131ndan okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> Deontolojik etik, hareketlerin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na odaklanan etik de\u011ferlendirmelere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan ve sonu\u00e7lardan ziyade se\u00e7imlerin kendisinin do\u011frulu\u011funa ya da yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na odaklanan bir ahlak felsefesi teorisidir.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Hayvan haklar\u0131 teorileri hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi almak i\u00e7in Tom Regan ve Gary L. Francione\u2019nin eserleri iyi bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olabilir.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> Harriet Ritvo, \u201cOn the Animal Turn\u201d, Daedalus<\/strong>, C. 136, S. 4, 2007, ss. 118-22.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Peter Singer, Hayvan \u00d6zg\u00fcrle\u015fmesi<\/strong>, \u00e7ev. Hayrullah Dogan, 2. bs, \u0130stanbul: Ayr\u0131nt\u0131, 2018.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kendisi de hayvanlar \u00e2leminin bir mensubu olan insan\u0131n, kendisinden ba\u015fka hayvanlar \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmesi ku\u015fkusuz yeni bir fenomen de\u011fil. Hatta bu \u00f6ylesine malum bir \u00f6nerme ki yaz\u0131ya b\u00f6ylece ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f olmam kimi okurlarda yavan bir tat b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015f bile olabilir. Yine de kabaca son otuz y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde hayvanlara bak\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 bir bi\u00e7imde de\u011fi\u015fti. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn geri plan\u0131nda tarih\u00e7i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":204,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,328],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayi-37"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/204"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5126"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5126\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}