{"id":5290,"date":"2023-05-06T17:53:43","date_gmt":"2023-05-06T14:53:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5290"},"modified":"2023-05-06T17:53:43","modified_gmt":"2023-05-06T14:53:43","slug":"siyaseti-yok-etme-cabasinda-bir-olaganustuluk-kiskaci-italyada-goc-sorunu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5290","title":{"rendered":"Siyaseti Yok Etme \u00c7abas\u0131nda Bir Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcl\u00fck K\u0131skac\u0131: \u0130talya\u2019da G\u00f6\u00e7 Sorunu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lisans e\u011fitimi klasik filoloji \u00fczerine olan Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Eski Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Boris Johnson, 30 Ekim 2021 tarihinde kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Roma\u2019daki G-20 zirvesinde bir \u015fehir gezintisi esnas\u0131nda Kolezyum yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda, \u201cRoma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde denetimsiz bir g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn sonucuydu. \u0130mparatorluk art\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 denetleyemiyordu; insanlar do\u011fudan ve her yerden \u0130mparatorlu\u011fa geliyordu ve biz, Avrupa \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrecek karanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011flara yol al\u0131yorduk. Bu yeniden ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir. \u0130nsanlar, tarihin tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir \u00e7ark oldu\u011funu sanacak derecede kibirli olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em>\u201d demi\u015fti.[1]<\/a> Bu s\u00f6zlerin sarf edili\u015fi \u00fczerinden daha bir y\u0131l ge\u00e7meden 22 Ekim 2022\u2019de \u0130talya\u2019daki genel se\u00e7imleri Sa\u011f Koalisyon alm\u0131\u015f ve en \u00e7ok oyu alan, hem \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n hem de Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nin g\u00f6\u00e7 sorunu \u00fczerine siyasetini ele\u015ftiren a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f e\u011filimli Fratelli d\u2019Italia<\/em> partisi ba\u015fkan\u0131 Giorgia Meloni ba\u015fbakan olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Meloni daha g\u00f6revinin ba\u015f\u0131na gelir gelmez 2018\u2019de zaman\u0131n Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Matteo Salvi\u2019nin \u201ckapal\u0131 liman\u201d siyasetini yenileyerek[2]<\/a> Akdeniz\u2019de Aquarius<\/em>\u2019un neden oldu\u011fu uluslararas\u0131 bunal\u0131ma ko\u015fut bir bi\u00e7imde Ocean Viking<\/em> sorununu \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Meloni, i\u00e7indeki 234 ki\u015fi ile geminin hi\u00e7bir \u0130talyan liman\u0131na yana\u015fmas\u0131na izin vermedi ve gemi nihayetinde Fransa\u2019ya ait Toulon\u2019da bulunan askeri bir \u00fcsse demir att\u0131.[3]<\/a> B\u00f6ylelikle 23 Eyl\u00fcl 2020\u2019de Avrupa Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nerisi yap\u0131lan ve ilk a\u015famas\u0131 22 Haziran 2022\u2019de ge\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u201cG\u00f6\u00e7 ve \u0130ltica Hakk\u0131ndaki Avrupa Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u201d ilk darbeyi alm\u0131\u015f oluyordu. \u00d6yle ki Fransa bu ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda Schengen Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019na ra\u011fmen s\u0131n\u0131rlardaki denetimleri s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 tehdidini \u0130talya\u2019ya do\u011fru y\u00f6neltti.[4]<\/a> Bu noktada \u0130talyan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, tarihsel nedenlerle ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u00e2lle alakal\u0131 olarak bir h\u00fck\u00fcm i\u00e7ermeyen \u0130talyan Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 77. maddesindeki ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc zorunluluk ve aciliyet durumlar\u0131nda sorumlulu\u011funu h\u00fck\u00fcmete veren kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararnamelere ba\u015fvurdu[5]<\/a> ve 02.01.2023 tarih ve 1 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun H\u00fckm\u00fcnde Kararnameyi \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Denizlerde d\u00fczenli arama ve kurtarma yapan gemilerin bayrak \u00fclkelerinin verdi\u011fi izin veya arad\u0131\u011f\u0131 niteliklere uygun olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131; denizde vuku bulan hadiselerden sonra, derh\u00e2l bo\u015faltma liman\u0131 talep edilmesi; kurtarma faaliyetinin akabinde gecikmeksizin bo\u015faltma liman\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131; kurtar\u0131lan ki\u015filerin uluslararas\u0131 koruma talep etme olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgilendirme yap\u0131lmas\u0131, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde gerekli malumat\u0131n istenmesi; denizde arama ve kurtarmayla alakal\u0131 \u0130talyan makamlar\u0131n\u0131n veya bo\u015faltma limanlar\u0131nda emniyet makamlar\u0131na kurtarma faaliyeti hakk\u0131nda gerekli bilgilerin verilmesi ana d\u00fczenlemelerdi. Bunlara ilaveten idari bir ihlalin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2linde gemi sahibini ve kaptan\u0131 m\u00fc\u015ftereken sorumlu tutan idari para cezalar\u0131, idari ihlal konusu geminin altm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcne kadar al\u0131konulmas\u0131 ve bu al\u0131konulma s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki masraflar\u0131n\u0131n keza m\u00fc\u015ftereken kaptan ve gemi sahibi taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131lanaca\u011f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yer almaktayd\u0131.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri’nin 39. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> \u201cCop26 failure could mean mass migration and food shortages, says Boris Johnson\u201d, (\u00e7evrim i\u00e7i) https:\/\/www. theguardian.com\/environment\/2021\/oct\/30\/cop26-failure-could-mean-mass-migration-and-food-shortages-says-boris -johnson, 04.05.2023.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Salvini, \u015fu anda da Ba\u015fbakan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve Ula\u015ft\u0131rma ile Altyap\u0131 Bakan\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Gemilerin limanlara girmesini engelleme d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u0130talyan H\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u00e7menler aras\u0131nda se\u00e7im yapma (Hassas ki\u015filer: Kad\u0131nlar, \u00e7ocuklar, hastalar), gemilerin bayrak \u00fclkesinin sorumlulu\u011funu iddia etme (Ocean Viking<\/em> i\u00e7in Norve\u00e7\u2019i), g\u00f6\u00e7menlere yard\u0131m\u0131 su\u00e7 h\u00e2line getirme, insani ama\u00e7larla hareket eden gemilerin idari tedbirlerle limandan ayr\u0131lmas\u0131na engel olma taktikleri de uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Henri Labayle, \u201cL\u2019argumentaire italien dans la crise de l\u2019Ocean Viking: Une position juridiquement risqu\u00e9e et \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de ses int\u00e9r\u00eats imm\u00e9diats\u201d, Le club des juristes <\/em>(\u00e7evrim i\u00e7i) https:\/\/blog.leclubdesjuristes.com\/largumentaire-italien-dans-la-crise-de-locean-viking-une-position-juridiquement-risquee-et-a-lencontre-de-ses-interets-immediats-par-henri-labayle\/, 04.05.2023. Avrupa Toplulu\u011fu Adalet Divan\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 01.08.2022 tarih ve C-14\/21, C15\/21 say\u0131l\u0131 dosyas\u0131nda verdi\u011fi karara g\u00f6re denizde ki\u015filerin aranmas\u0131 ve kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 ilgili faaliyetleri d\u00fczenli olarak y\u00fcr\u00fcten insani yard\u0131m kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n gemileri liman devletinin denetimine tabidir. Bununla birlikte liman devleti ancak kendisinin g\u00f6stermesinin zorunlu oldu\u011fu emniyet, sa\u011fl\u0131k veya \u00e7evreye y\u00f6nelik a\u00e7\u0131k tehdit bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde al\u0131koyma tedbiri uygulayabilir. (\u00e7evrim i\u00e7i) https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/juris\/document\/ document.jsf?text=&docid=263730&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=lst&dir=&occ=first&part=1&cid=3455559, 04.05.2023.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Bu paragraftaki bilgiler i\u00e7in ayr\u0131ca bk. Anne-Charl\u00e8ne Bezzina, \u201cRefus de laisser l\u2019Ocean Viking d\u00e9barquer en Italie: Une conformit\u00e9 discutable au regard du droit de l\u2019union europ\u00e9enne\u201d, Le club des juristes <\/em>(\u00e7evrim i\u00e7i) https:\/\/blog.leclubdesjuristes.com\/refus-de-laisser-locean-viking-debarquer-en-italie-une-conformite-discutable-au-regard-du-droit-de-lunion-europeenne-par-anne-charlene-bezzina\/, 04.05.2023.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcnde kararnamelerin kanuna tahvil olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in, kararnameler H\u00fck\u00fcmet taraf\u0131ndan kabul edildi\u011fi g\u00fcn Meclis\u2019e sunulur; Meclis derh\u00e2l toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131larak be\u015f g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde ilk i\u00e7tima\u0131n\u0131 yapar. Kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcndeki kararnamenin yay\u0131m\u0131ndan itibaren atm\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn ge\u00e7mesine ra\u011fmen, Meclis kararnameyi kanuna tahvil etmezse en ba\u015f\u0131ndan itibaren ge\u00e7ersiz addedilir. Bununla birlikte Meclis kanuna tahvil olmayan kararnamelerin sebep oldu\u011fu hukuki tasarruflar hakk\u0131nda kanun \u00e7\u0131karabilir.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> S\u00f6z konusu kararnamenin, gemilerin limana d\u00f6nmeden sadece bir kurtarma faaliyetine izin vermesi, H\u00fck\u00fcmetin bo\u015faltma i\u00e7in gemilerin bulundu\u011fu yerlerden uzak limanlar\u0131 tahsis etmesi, b\u00f6ylelikle de denizlerde hayati \u00f6nemi haiz arama ve kurtarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrelerini en aza indirmesi; kararnamenin arama ve kurtarma faaliyetinden sonra gecikmeksizin limana d\u00f6n\u00fclmesini de i\u00e7erdi\u011finden denizde tehlikede olan ba\u015fka insan olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmas\u0131na engel te\u015fkil etmesi; g\u00f6\u00e7menlerden uluslararas\u0131 korunma talebi konusunda devlet g\u00f6revlilerin y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini gemideki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara y\u00fcklemesi; adli para cezalar\u0131 ve al\u0131koyma i\u015flemlerinin neden olaca\u011f\u0131 zararlar sebebiyle uluslararas\u0131 hukukla ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edilmektedir. Expert Council on NGO Law, Opinion on the Compatibility with European Standards of Italian Decree Law No.1 of 2 January 2023 on the management of Migratory Flows<\/em>, CONF\/EXP(2023)1, 30.01.2023, prg. 19-22, p.7-8. (\u00e7evrim i\u00e7i) https:\/\/rm.coe.int\/expert-council-conf-exp-2023-opinion-italy-30-jan-2023-en\/1680a9fe26, 05.05.2023.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lisans e\u011fitimi klasik filoloji \u00fczerine olan Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Eski Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Boris Johnson, 30 Ekim 2021 tarihinde kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 Roma\u2019daki G-20 zirvesinde bir \u015fehir gezintisi esnas\u0131nda Kolezyum yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda, \u201cRoma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde denetimsiz bir g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn sonucuydu. \u0130mparatorluk art\u0131k s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 denetleyemiyordu; insanlar do\u011fudan ve her yerden \u0130mparatorlu\u011fa geliyordu ve biz, Avrupa \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcrecek karanl\u0131k \u00e7a\u011flara yol […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[343],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayi-39"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5290","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5290"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5290\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5290"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5290"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5290"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}