Kahramanmara\u015f merkezli 6 \u015eubat depremleri \u00fczerinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 ay ge\u00e7ti ama ac\u0131m\u0131z h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7ok taze. Deprem sonras\u0131ndaki organizasyonsuzlu\u011fun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7aresizli\u011fin foto\u011fraf\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 zihinlerimizde ve hepimizin ortak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u015fu: \u201cB\u00f6yle olmamal\u0131yd\u0131.\u201d 6 \u015eubat depremlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir afet oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ek ama bu afeti bir felakete \u00e7eviren, devletin t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc elinde tutan, b\u00fct\u00fcn ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten iktidar\u0131n hem afet \u00f6ncesi hem de afet sonras\u0131 verdi\u011fi k\u00f6t\u00fc s\u0131nav oldu. \u00dclkemizin g\u00fcneydo\u011fusunda b\u00f6yle bir afet ya\u015fanmas\u0131 riskinden s\u00fcrekli bahsedilmesine ra\u011fmen, her biri milat ilan edilen \u00f6nceki depremlerde ya\u015fananlardan gereken dersler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, depremden \u00f6nce yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenler yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, deprem riski ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece g\u00f6rmezden gelindi\u011fi ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftikten sonra da \u00f6ncelik iktidar\u0131n imaj\u0131n\u0131 korumak \u00fczere ya\u015fanan \u00e7aresizlik ve kaosu \u00f6rtmek oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Kahramanmara\u015f depremleri bir felakete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130ktidar t\u00fcm yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ve yapmad\u0131klar\u0131 ile enkaz alt\u0131nda kald\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok de\u011fil, bundan 24 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Marmara Depreminde resmi bilgilere g\u00f6re 17.509 can kayb\u0131 ve ya\u015fanan b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131m ile hepimiz bu felaketi bir milat olarak kabul etmi\u015ftik. Siyasiler bir daha benzer ac\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fanmayaca\u011f\u0131na dair s\u00f6zler verdiler. Marmara Depremi hepimizin hayat\u0131n\u0131 derinden etkiledi, \u00fclkede kapsaml\u0131 ekonomik, sosyal ve siyasal de\u011fi\u015fimler ya\u015fand\u0131. Se\u00e7menler, \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015feni yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc iktidar\u0131n orta\u011f\u0131 koalisyon partilerini cezaland\u0131rarak onlar\u0131 meclis d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda b\u0131rakt\u0131. Depremden sonra hem mevcut koalisyon h\u00fck\u00fcmeti hem de 2002 se\u00e7imleriyle gelen AKP iktidar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok yasal ve teknik de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gitti. Fakat yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm yasal de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin, yenilenen mevzuat ve deprem risk haritalar\u0131n\u0131n, teknik d\u00fczenlemelerin k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Kahramanmara\u015f Depremi ya\u015fanana kadar herkes g\u00f6revini yerine getirmi\u015f, deprem ger\u00e7e\u011fi ile y\u00fczle\u015filmi\u015f olsayd\u0131; bu afet bir felakete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmeyecekti. E\u011fer 21 y\u0131ld\u0131r iktidarda olan AKP h\u00fck\u00fcmeti sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli kentler, depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 binalar i\u00e7in gerekenleri tam olarak yerine getirseydi; devlet enkaz alt\u0131nda kalmayacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bu d\u00fczenlemelere, afetlere haz\u0131r\u0131z s\u00f6ylemine ra\u011fmen iktidar neden bu kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc bir s\u0131nav verdi? 1999 Marmara Depremi sonras\u0131 mevzuat geli\u015ftirildi, yeni yap\u0131lacak binalar\u0131n deprem dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 artt\u0131rmak ve bunlar\u0131n denetimi i\u00e7in yasal zorunluluklar getirildi, riskli yap\u0131lar\u0131n tespiti ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ad\u0131na 6306 say\u0131l\u0131 Afet Kanunu y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konuldu. Fakat t\u00fcm bunlar ya k\u00e2\u011f\u0131t \u00fczerinde kald\u0131 ya da iktidar taraf\u0131ndan parasal ve siyasi rant yaratma gibi ba\u015fka ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Her yeni depremle birlikte \u00f6nlem al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 ve riskin bertaraf edilece\u011fi s\u00f6ylense de 6 \u015eubat\u2019ta ya\u015fanan ac\u0131lar bize asl\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. Yaln\u0131zca kentle\u015fme ve yap\u0131la\u015fma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, afet y\u00f6netimi konusunda da \u00e7ok eksiklikler oldu\u011funu ve haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131n yetersizli\u011fini g\u00f6rd\u00fck. \u0130ktidar g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcre boyunca afet y\u00f6netiminde bir\u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapt\u0131 ve tek adam rejiminin in\u015fa s\u00fcrecinde t\u00fcm yetkiyi tek merkezde toplad\u0131. Fakat bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ve yap\u0131lan yasal d\u00fczenlemeler ile ortaya b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u00f6netim zafiyeti \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu alanda yetkin, liyakatli ki\u015filerin tasfiye edildi\u011fini, kapsaml\u0131 bir afet y\u00f6netimi politikas\u0131n\u0131n, bununla uyumlu acil durum planlamas\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck.<\/p>\n
Bu tablo ile yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Kahramanmara\u015f depremleri 17 A\u011fustos\u2019tan bu yana ge\u00e7en bunca zamana ra\u011fmen afetler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7ok zay\u0131f oldu\u011fumuzu ac\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterdi. Bug\u00fcn h\u00e2l\u00e2 m\u00fcdahale edilmeyen k\u0131r\u0131lgan konut dokusu, s\u00fcrekli \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan imar aflar\u0131 ile yasalla\u015fan ka\u00e7ak yap\u0131lar, zemin et\u00fctleri yap\u0131lmadan verilen yap\u0131la\u015fma izinleri afetlere dayan\u0131kl\u0131, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 kentler de\u011fil en fazla rant de\u011feri \u00fcretmeye y\u00f6nelik olarak haz\u0131rlanan imar planlar\u0131 ile \u00fclkemizdeki di\u011fer deprem b\u00f6lgelerinde de durumun \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 biliyoruz. \u0130n\u015faat s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki denetim eksikliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kolon kesme, ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131 duvarlar\u0131 kald\u0131rma gibi bilin\u00e7siz m\u00fcdahaleler sonucunda mevcut yap\u0131 stokunun deprem dayan\u0131m\u0131 tamamen ortadan kalkt\u0131. Bu uygulamalar\u0131 ne tespit edecek ne de m\u00fcdahale edecek bir mekanizma olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bunlar imar aflar\u0131 ile yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Yani iktidar k\u0131r\u0131lgan yap\u0131 stokumuzla y\u00fczle\u015fmek bir yana, bundan siyasi rant elde etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130ktidar\u0131n deprem k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131, potansiyel tehditler ta\u015f\u0131yan \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yap\u0131 stoku ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yay\u0131z. \u00dclkemizde yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 milyon yap\u0131 var ve sadece 2 milyonu 1999 sonras\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fen mevzuata g\u00f6re yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. \u00dclkemizin %70\u2019inin deprem b\u00f6lgesinde oldu\u011funu hesaba katarsak kalan 8 milyon yap\u0131n\u0131n, yakla\u015f\u0131k 6-7 milyonu potansiyel olarak risk ta\u015f\u0131yor. Yani acil olarak tespit edilmesi ve bir program d\u00e2hilinde m\u00fcdahale edilmesi gereken devasa bir riskli yap\u0131 stoku bizi bekliyor. Elbette bu yap\u0131lar\u0131 tespit ve m\u00fcdahale etmek, \u015fehirlerimizin afet dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kaynak gerektiriyor. 6 \u015eubat depremleri sonras\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 bu kaynak ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 milyar $ oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. Marmara Depremi \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7en 24 y\u0131lda kamu kaynaklar\u0131 ile bu b\u00fcy\u00fck maliyet kar\u015f\u0131lanabilecekken; biz bu kaynaklar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmayan b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, t\u00fcneller, havalimanlar\u0131, yollar, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerimize eklenerek onlar\u0131 daha da azmanla\u015ft\u0131ran yeni uydu \u015fehirler ve hayali kanal projeleri \u00fczerinden yanda\u015f firmalara aktararak t\u00fckettik. Yani yap\u0131 stokumuzu yenilemek, g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek yerine yeni zenginler yaratmay\u0131 tercih ettik.<\/p>\n
Bir ba\u015fka taraftan 6 \u015eubat depremleri yeni bir ger\u00e7ekle daha y\u00fczle\u015fmemiz gerekti\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. Sadece 1999 \u00f6ncesi yap\u0131lan eski yap\u0131 stokumuzun sorunlu oldu\u011funu farz ederken, yeni yap\u0131lar\u0131n da yer yer eskileri kadar risk ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Yenilenen mevzuata, g\u00fcncel yap\u0131m tekniklerine uygun yap\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 ve denetlendikleri i\u00e7in az hasar almas\u0131n\u0131 bekledi\u011fimiz yeni yap\u0131lar da depremde \u00f6nemli kay\u0131plara yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Hatta trajik, a\u00e7\u0131klanamaz g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131k. Birlikte yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ikiz apartmanlardan 6306 say\u0131l\u0131 Afet Kanunu\u2019na g\u00f6re riskli yap\u0131 ilan edilerek yeniden yap\u0131lan\u0131n tamamen \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, eski yap\u0131n\u0131n ayakta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ak\u0131l almaz \u00f6rnekler ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131k. Depreme dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli \u015feklinde reklamlar\u0131 yap\u0131lan l\u00fcks konutlar, rezidanslar ne yaz\u0131k ki insanlar\u0131m\u0131za tabut oldu.<\/p>\n
Zemin durumuna uygun olmayan imar plan\u0131 kararlar\u0131, yeterli zemin et\u00fcd\u00fc yap\u0131lmadan verilen in\u015faat izinleri, do\u011fan\u0131n kurallar\u0131n\u0131 ve bilimin yol g\u00f6stericili\u011fini dinlemeden rant h\u0131rs\u0131yla yap\u0131lanlar\u0131n sonucunu ac\u0131 bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6sterdi. Ticarile\u015fen yap\u0131 denetim s\u00fcreci, yetersiz m\u00fchendislik hizmetleri, malzeme ve i\u015f\u00e7ilik kaynakl\u0131 problemler, ka\u00e7ak yap\u0131lara g\u00f6z yuman imar aflar\u0131, denetim g\u00f6revini yerine getirmeyen merkezi ve yerel y\u00f6netimler \u015feklindeki hatalar zinciri ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz sonu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131mla getirdi. Bu son bize, sorunun sadece bilime ve tekni\u011fe yeterince kulak verilmemesi de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda bir ahlak ve sistem sorunu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterdi. Ne yaz\u0131k ki yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm bu hatalar, umursamazl\u0131k, beceriksizlik ve i\u015f bilmezlik bizi bu felakete s\u00fcr\u00fckledi.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak deprem \u00f6ncesinde ve sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenler yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kamu ad\u0131na bu i\u015flemleri d\u00fczenlemesi gereken iktidar y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in 6 \u015eubat\u2019ta ya\u015fanan afet bir felakete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130ktidar\u0131n deprem ger\u00e7e\u011fini g\u00f6rmezden gelmesi, yani deprem k\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ac\u0131lara zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Bir sonraki olas\u0131 depremde yine b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131mlar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak istemiyorsak, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekenlerden olu\u015fan uzun bir liste var. Bizi \u00fclkece fedak\u00e2rl\u0131k isteyen zorlu bir g\u00f6rev bekliyor ve ba\u015fka bir \u015fans\u0131m\u0131z da yok. 6 \u015eubat Kahramanmara\u015f depremlerine iktidar g\u00f6zlerini kapad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z yakaland\u0131 ama vatanda\u015flar ve sivil toplumun i\u015f birli\u011fi ile b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dayan\u0131\u015fma sergilendi. Ayn\u0131 ac\u0131lar\u0131 yeniden ya\u015famamak i\u00e7in sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesini, kamuyla i\u015f birli\u011fini art\u0131rmam\u0131z, tek adam iktidar\u0131n\u0131n beceriksizli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 bilime ve ortak akla dayanan yeni bir y\u00f6netim sistemini in\u015fa etmemiz gerekiyor. Yani i\u015f yine bizlere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. \u015eimdi \u00fclkemiz i\u00e7in, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in, dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u015fehirlerde sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli bir ya\u015fam i\u00e7in yeni bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 diyerek kollar\u0131 s\u0131vama zaman\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kahramanmara\u015f merkezli 6 \u015eubat depremleri \u00fczerinden yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 ay ge\u00e7ti ama ac\u0131m\u0131z h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00e7ok taze. Deprem sonras\u0131ndaki organizasyonsuzlu\u011fun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7aresizli\u011fin foto\u011fraf\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 zihinlerimizde ve hepimizin ortak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi \u015fu: \u201cB\u00f6yle olmamal\u0131yd\u0131.\u201d 6 \u015eubat depremlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir afet oldu\u011fu bir ger\u00e7ek ama bu afeti bir felakete \u00e7eviren, devletin t\u00fcm g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc elinde tutan, b\u00fct\u00fcn ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6neten iktidar\u0131n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":253,"featured_media":5337,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,343],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayi-39"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/253"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5292"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5292\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6305,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5292\/revisions\/6305"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5337"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5292"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}