{"id":5305,"date":"2023-05-06T18:15:39","date_gmt":"2023-05-06T15:15:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5305"},"modified":"2023-05-06T18:15:39","modified_gmt":"2023-05-06T15:15:39","slug":"hukuk-tarihi-krikor-zohrabin-1886da-zamanasimina-dair-yazdigi-eseri-hukuk-i-ceza-mururuzamanlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5305","title":{"rendered":"Hukuk Tarihi: Krikor Z\u00f6hrab\u2019\u0131n 1886\u2019da Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na Dair Yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 Eseri: Hukuk-\u0131 Ceza M\u00fcruruzamanlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

1861-1915 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck Osmanl\u0131 m\u00fcnevveri Krikor Z\u00f6hrab, 54 y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131nda siyasi ve edeb\u00ee bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131l\u0131 eser vermi\u015ftir. \u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir kimse olan Z\u00f6hrab\u2019\u0131n esas mesle\u011fi avukatl\u0131kt\u0131r. II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019ten sonra \u0130stanbul Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnunu Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde bir d\u00f6nem ceza hukuku \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi olarak da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Z\u00f6hrab\u2019\u0131n siyasi ve edebi eserlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu yeniden yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r fakat en \u00f6nemli mesleki eserlerinin hen\u00fcz yeni yay\u0131nlar\u0131 yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu eserlerden biri Z\u00f6hrab\u2019\u0131n T\u00fcrk\u00e7e yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 1886\u2019da bas\u0131lan \u201cHukuk-\u0131 Ceza M\u00fcruruzamanlar\u0131\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131d\u0131r.[1]<\/a> Bu yaz\u0131mda, Z\u00f6hrab\u2019\u0131n bu k\u0131ymetli eserini tan\u0131tmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Yazar\u0131n \u201cDava Vekillerinden Krikor Z\u00f6hrab\u201d imzas\u0131yla hen\u00fcz 25 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen Hukuk-\u0131 Ceza M\u00fcruruzamanlar\u0131, \u00fclkemizde ceza hukukunun \u00f6zel bir alan\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015f, bilinen ilk kitap olmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda hukuk zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 konusunda da tafsilatl\u0131 bilgiler vermektedir. 146 sayfa olan kitap, \u0130stanbul\u2019da bas\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130lk 83 sayfas\u0131nda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 konusu genel hatlar\u0131yla ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve 63 sayfal\u0131k ikinci k\u0131s\u0131mda ceza hukuku zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Z\u00f6hrab, eserinde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Frans\u0131zca baz\u0131 hukuk terimlerine T\u00fcrk\u00e7e kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131klar vermi\u015ftir.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 genel olarak ele alan ilk b\u00f6l\u00fcm, 4 k\u0131s\u0131m ve 15 alt ba\u015fl\u0131ktan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Birinci k\u0131s\u0131mda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n tarifi, t\u00fcrleri, ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve koyulu\u015f sebepleri anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Eserin ilk c\u00fcmlesinde Z\u00f6hrab, \u201cM\u00fcruruzamanla de\u00e2vinin suk\u00fbtu mem\u00e2lik-i mahr\u00fbse-i \u015fah\u00e2nede mine\u2019l-kad\u00eem c\u00e2ri olan ahk\u00e2m-\u0131 \u015fer\u2018iyye ve kanuniye c\u00fcmlesinden bulundu\u011fu misill\u00fc Avrupa devletlerinden k\u00e2ffesinin hukuk-\u0131 mevz\u00fbas\u0131nda vard\u0131r\u201d<\/em> diyerek zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 usul\u00fcn\u00fcn Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nde uygulanan \u015fer\u00ee hukuk sistemi icab\u0131nca \u00e7ok eskiden beri var oldu\u011fu gibi Avrupa devletlerinin de tamam\u0131n\u0131n hukuk sisteminde mevcut oldu\u011funu belirtir ancak, \u201cAvrupa\u2019da ve Mem\u00e2lik-i Osm\u00e2niyye\u2019de c\u00e2ri olan m\u00fcruruzaman us\u00fblleri beyninde bir fark-\u0131 az\u00eem vard\u0131r ki bu nokta nazar-\u0131 dikkatten asla d\u00fbr edilmemelidir\u201d.<\/em> Osmanl\u0131 hukuk sistemine g\u00f6re, var olan bir hak zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sebebiyle yok olmaz, sadece bu hak ve hakka ba\u011fl\u0131 davalar mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131namaz h\u00e2le gelir. Bu kural\u0131n bir istisnas\u0131 ise, \u201chukuk-\u0131 h\u00e2kimiyetin menb\u00e2-\u0131 m\u00fcstakilli\u201d<\/em> olan padi\u015fah i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc davan\u0131n her zaman dinlenilebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fundan, h\u00e2kimlerin bu husustaki yasakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 padi\u015fah\u0131n \u00f6zel \u201cir\u00e2de\u201dsi ile kald\u0131r\u0131labilir.[3]<\/a> Var olan bir hakk\u0131n s\u0131rf zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sebebiyle yok olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak; zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bulunan bir davada daval\u0131 taraf, h\u00e2kim huzurunda davac\u0131n\u0131n kendisinde hakk\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ikrar ve itiraf ediyorsa zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nmaz ve daval\u0131n\u0131n ikrar\u0131na g\u00f6re h\u00fck\u00fcm verilir.[4]<\/a> Fakat Frans\u0131z hukukunda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131, do\u011frudan do\u011fruya hakk\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesine sebep olur. Osmanl\u0131 hukuk sistemi ile Frans\u0131z hukuk sistemi aras\u0131ndaki zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 hususunda b\u00f6yle bir temel fark vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri’nin 39. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> Krikor Z\u00f6hrab, Hukuk-\u0131 Ceza M\u00fcruruzamanlar\u0131<\/em>, \u0130stanbul, Mihran Matbaas\u0131, 1302. 1302 y\u0131l\u0131 rum\u00ee tarih kabul edildi\u011finde milad\u00ee olarak 1886\/1887\u2019ye tekab\u00fcl etmektedir. Kitab\u0131n 1 sene sonra ayn\u0131 matbaada \u201cBirinci S\u0131n\u0131f Dava Vekillerinden Krikor Z\u00f6hrabyan\u201d imzas\u0131yla 2. Bask\u0131s\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her iki bask\u0131 da 146 sayfad\u0131r ve \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi Nadir Eserler Koleksiyonu\u2019ndan eri\u015filebilir. Yaz\u0131da \u201ca.g.e.\u201d ibaresiyle verece\u011fim her dipnot bu eserdendir.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Acquisitive: temlik\u00ee, <\/strong>lib\u00e9rative: tahlis\u00ee, <\/strong>fin de non recevoir: m\u00fcdafaa-i ibtid\u00e2iye, <\/strong>presomption l\u00e9gale: delil-i kanuni, <\/strong>destination: maksat ve hizmet, <\/strong>propriet\u00e9 priv\u00e9e: tasarruf-\u0131 \u015fahsiye, <\/strong>interruption: m\u00fcruruzaman\u0131n ink\u0131t\u00e2\u0131, suspension: m\u00fcruruzaman\u0131n tevkifi, exc\u00e9s de pouvoirs: tecav\u00fcz, <\/strong>incomp\u00e9tence: merci addolunmayan, <\/strong>formes: \u015fekil, <\/strong>limitative: tahdid\u00ee, ordre publique: intizam ve inzibat-\u0131 umumiye, questions pr\u00e9judicielles: itir\u00e2zat-\u0131 m\u00fcstecire, el\u00e9ments constitutifs: ecz\u00e2-y\u0131 esasiye, p\u00e9remption d\u2019instance: istid\u00e2n\u0131n iptali, p\u00e9remption de jugements: ilamat\u0131n iptali.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> a.g.e. s. 3.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Mecelle-i Ahk\u00e2m-\u0131 Adliye madde 1674: Tek\u00e2d\u00fcm-i zaman ile hak s\u00e2k\u0131t olmaz. Bin\u00e2enaleyh m\u00fcruruzaman bulunan bir davada m\u00fcdde\u00e2aleyh huzur-\u0131 h\u00e2kimde m\u00fcdde\u00eenin davas\u0131 ve\u00e7hile hala kendisinde hakk\u0131 oldu\u011funu sarahaten ikrar ve itiraz ediyor ise m\u00fcruruzamana itibar olunmay\u0131p m\u00fcdde\u00e2aleyhin ikrar\u0131 mucibince h\u00fckmolunur. Ama m\u00fcdde\u00e2aleyh huzur-\u0131 h\u00e2kimde ikrar etmeyip de m\u00fcddei \u00e2n\u0131n di\u011fer mahalde ikrar etmi\u015f oldu\u011funu dava ederse m\u00fcdde\u00eenin as\u0131l davas\u0131 istim\u00e2 olunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ikrar davas\u0131 dahi istim\u00e2 olunmaz. Fakat dava olunan ikrar mukaddem\u00e2 m\u00fcdde\u00e2aleyhin m\u00e2ruf olan hat veya hatemini h\u00e2vi bir senede raptolunup da ol senedin tarihinden vakt-i davaya kadar m\u00fcruruzaman m\u00fcddeti bulunmam\u0131\u015f ise o surette ikrar davas\u0131 istim\u00e2 olunur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1861-1915 aras\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fck Osmanl\u0131 m\u00fcnevveri Krikor Z\u00f6hrab, 54 y\u0131ll\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131nda siyasi ve edeb\u00ee bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131l\u0131 eser vermi\u015ftir. \u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir kimse olan Z\u00f6hrab\u2019\u0131n esas mesle\u011fi avukatl\u0131kt\u0131r. II. Me\u015frutiyet\u2019ten sonra \u0130stanbul Dar\u00fclf\u00fcnunu Hukuk Fak\u00fcltesi\u2019nde bir d\u00f6nem ceza hukuku \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisi olarak da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Z\u00f6hrab\u2019\u0131n siyasi ve edebi eserlerinin \u00e7o\u011fu yeniden yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r fakat en \u00f6nemli mesleki […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":232,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[343],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayi-39"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/232"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5305"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5305\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}