{"id":5442,"date":"2024-02-02T20:44:11","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T17:44:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5442"},"modified":"2024-02-02T20:44:11","modified_gmt":"2024-02-02T17:44:11","slug":"100-yillik-devletin-ekonomik-degisim-noktalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5442","title":{"rendered":"100 Y\u0131ll\u0131k Devletin Ekonomik De\u011fi\u015fim Noktalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 41\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Birinci yu\u0308zy\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 devirmis\u0327 olan Tu\u0308rkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin genel go\u0308ru\u0308nu\u0308mu\u0308, ekonomik ve siyasal bag\u0306lamda d\u0131s\u0327 ve ic\u0327 fakto\u0308rlerle ilgili ilginc\u0327 \u00a0deg\u0306is\u0327imlerle kapitalist blokta kalk\u0131nma c\u0327abalar\u0131 dog\u0306rultusunda seyrettig\u0306inin yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Du\u0308nya kapitalist sistemi ic\u0327inde yu\u0308ru\u0308nen bir as\u0131rl\u0131k su\u0308rede, kabaca u\u0308c\u0327 genel ku\u0308resel do\u0308neme tan\u0131kl\u0131k edilmis\u0327 ve hemen hepsinden ciddi etkiler al\u0131nm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r. Do\u0308nemlerden birincisini, 1923-1939 aras\u0131nda yas\u0327anan 1929 krizi ve yaklas\u0327\u0131k alt\u0131 y\u0131l su\u0308ren I\u0307kinci Paylas\u0327\u0131m Savas\u0327\u0131, ikincisini 1945 ile 1989 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yas\u0327anan Sog\u0306uk Savas\u0327 politikalar\u0131, nihayet u\u0308c\u0327u\u0308ncu\u0308su\u0308nu\u0308 ise1980\u2019dengu\u0308nu\u0308mu\u0308zedekuzananneoliberal do\u0308nem olus\u0327turur. Bas\u0327ka bir tasnifte ise, bir as\u0131rl\u0131k Cumhuriyet\u2019in kurulus\u0327undan 1980 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar gec\u0327en yaklas\u0327\u0131k 60 y\u0131ll\u0131k birinci do\u0308nemin, c\u0327ift kutuplu du\u0308nya sisteminde s\u0131cak ve sog\u0306uk savas\u0327lar ortam\u0131nda \u201cgelis\u0327mekte olan ekonomi\u201d yaftas\u0131 ile yas\u0327and\u0131g\u0306\u0131, ikinci do\u0308nemin ise, neoliberal politikalar\u0131n bas\u0327at oldug\u0306u tek kutuplu du\u0308nya sisteminde \u201cgelis\u0327en piyasalar\u201d yaftas\u0131yla yas\u0327and\u0131g\u0306\u0131 go\u0308ru\u0308lu\u0308r. I\u0307c\u0327 politikalarda ise, kurulus\u0327tan Atatu\u0308rk\u2019u\u0308n vefat\u0131na kadar olan su\u0308re d\u0131s\u0327\u0131nda, tu\u0308m do\u0308nemlerde giderek yu\u0308kselen dozda sag\u0306 ve gerici etkiler bas\u0327at olmus\u0327tur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Osmanl\u0131 I\u0307mparatorlug\u0306u\u2019ndan devral\u0131nm\u0131s\u0327 olumsuz sosyo-ekonomik miras u\u0308zerine ins\u0327a edilen Cumhuriyet sanayi yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda bas\u0327l\u0131ca iki as\u0327amada ciddi s\u0131c\u0327rama go\u0308zlemlenir. Bunlardan birincisini 1930\u2019larda bas\u0327layan Devletc\u0327ilik uygulamas\u0131 olus\u0327turur. 1930\u2019lardan o\u0308nce, 1927 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tes\u0327vik-i Sanayi Kanunu c\u0327\u0131kar\u0131larak yerli sanayiin desteklenmesine c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327\u0131lm\u0131s\u0327 olmakla beraber, do\u0308nemin dig\u0306er o\u0308nemli yasas\u0131 olan Tatil-i Es\u0327gal Kanunu\u2019ndan yararlanan yabanc\u0131 sermaye de faaliyetlerini gelis\u0327tirme yoluna gitmis\u0327tir. Bo\u0308ylece, bas\u0327lang\u0131c\u0327 do\u0308nemde ekonomi politikas\u0131n\u0131n ag\u0306\u0131rl\u0131k noktas\u0131n\u0131 o\u0308zel kesimin olus\u0327turdug\u0306u anlas\u0327\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<span style=\"font-size: 10px;\"><strong>1<\/strong><\/span> 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda I\u0307zmir\u2019de toplanan I\u0307ktisat Kongresi\u2019nde ac\u0327\u0131s\u0327 konus\u0327mas\u0131nda Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pas\u0327a da ayn\u0131 dog\u0306rultuda konus\u0327arak s\u0327unlar\u0131 so\u0308ylemis\u0327tir: \u201cEfendiler; iktisadiyat sahas\u0131nda du\u0308s\u0327u\u0308nu\u0308r ve konus\u0327urken zannolunmas\u0131n ki, ecnebi sermayeye has\u0131m\u0131z; hay\u0131r bizim memleketimiz va\u0302si\u2019dir. C\u0327ok sa\u0302y ve sermayeye ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Kanunlar\u0131m\u0131za riayet s\u0327artiyle ecnebi sermayelerine laz\u0131m gelen teminat\u0131 vermeg\u0306e her zaman haz\u0131r\u0131z. Ecnebi sermayesi bizim sa\u0302y\u2019imize inzimam etsin ve bizim ile onlar ic\u0327in faideli neticeler versin.\u201d<span style=\"font-size: 10px;\"><strong>2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"page\" title=\"Page 41\">\n<div class=\"layoutArea\">\n<div class=\"column\">\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1923-1929 do\u0308neminde, Lozan yu\u0308ku\u0308mlu\u0308lu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308 alt\u0131nda, henu\u0308z gu\u0308mru\u0308klerine tam ha\u0302kimiyet kuramam\u0131s\u0327 ve kabotaj hakk\u0131n\u0131 dahi elde edememis\u0327 olarak genc\u0327 Cumhuriyet yo\u0308neticileri fazla c\u0327aba go\u0308steremeden, 1929 du\u0308nya ve u\u0308lke krizi ile kars\u0327\u0131 kars\u0327\u0131ya kald\u0131. Bu do\u0308nem, yo\u0308neticilere devlet eli olmadan ekonomik kalk\u0131nma yap\u0131lamayacag\u0306\u0131n\u0131 go\u0308stermis\u0327ken, 1929 krizi ile olus\u0327an ku\u0308resel atmosfer de sanayiles\u0327me hamleleri ic\u0327in elveris\u0327li d\u0131s\u0327 kos\u0327ullar\u0131 haz\u0131rlam\u0131s\u0327 oluyordu. Do\u0308nemin bas\u0327bakan\u0131 I\u0307smet Pas\u0327a\u2019n\u0131n Kadro dergisinde verdig\u0306i beyanat, Cumhuriyet yo\u0308neticilerinin bas\u0327lang\u0131c\u0327 do\u0308neminde hareket kabiliyetinin k\u0131s\u0131tland\u0131g\u0306\u0131n\u0131 ima etmektedir. 1929 Bu\u0308yu\u0308k Buhran\u0131, yo\u0308neticilere devlet eliyle sanayiles\u0327me hamlesine yo\u0308nelme olanag\u0306\u0131 sag\u0306lam\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>***<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri&#8217;nin 40. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Birinci yu\u0308zy\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 devirmis\u0327 olan Tu\u0308rkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin genel go\u0308ru\u0308nu\u0308mu\u0308, ekonomik ve siyasal bag\u0306lamda d\u0131s\u0327 ve ic\u0327 fakto\u0308rlerle ilgili ilginc\u0327 \u00a0deg\u0306is\u0327imlerle kapitalist blokta kalk\u0131nma c\u0327abalar\u0131 dog\u0306rultusunda seyrettig\u0306inin yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Du\u0308nya kapitalist sistemi ic\u0327inde yu\u0308ru\u0308nen bir as\u0131rl\u0131k su\u0308rede, kabaca u\u0308c\u0327 genel ku\u0308resel do\u0308neme tan\u0131kl\u0131k edilmis\u0327 ve hemen hepsinden ciddi etkiler al\u0131nm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r. Do\u0308nemlerden birincisini, 1923-1939 aras\u0131nda yas\u0327anan 1929 krizi ve [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133,349],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dosya","category-sayi-40"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5442"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5442\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}