{"id":5453,"date":"2024-02-02T21:08:33","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T18:08:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5453"},"modified":"2024-02-02T21:08:33","modified_gmt":"2024-02-02T18:08:33","slug":"devrim-yasamiz-medeni-kanunumuz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5453","title":{"rendered":"Devrim Yasam\u0131z Medeni Kanunumuz"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cumhuriyetimizin kurulus\u0327unu izleyen y\u0131llarda u\u0308lkede c\u0327ag\u0306das\u0327, uygar bir yas\u0327am bic\u0327iminin yerles\u0327tirilmesi amac\u0131yla eg\u0306itimde, sosyal, ku\u0308ltu\u0308rel, ekonomik ve siyasal yas\u0327amda ko\u0308klu\u0308 devrimler yap\u0131lm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r. Her devrim, hukuk devrimini de ic\u0327erir ve her devletin hukuk sistemi o devletin temeline uygun du\u0308zenlenir. Atatu\u0308rk ve arkadas\u0327lar\u0131n\u0131n o\u0308nderlig\u0306inde kurulan Tu\u0308rkiye Cumhuriyeti kurtulus\u0327 mu\u0308cadelesinden itibaren ulusal egemenlik temeline dayand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1924 tarihli Anayasa\u2019da (Tes\u0327kila\u0302t\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu) \u201cTu\u0308rkiye Devletinin dini, Dini I\u0307sla\u0302md\u0131r\u201d kural\u0131 olmas\u0131na rag\u0306men, Hukuk Devrimi ile laik nitelikli devrim kanunlar\u0131 TBMM\u2019de birbiri ard\u0131na kabul edilmis\u0327 ve din esaslar\u0131na dayal\u0131 hukuk sistemi terkedilerek yerine laik bir hukuk du\u0308zeni kurmak u\u0308zere Kara Avrupas\u0131 hukuk sistemi benimsenmis\u0327tir.<\/p>\n

Devrim Yasam\u0131z Medeni Kanunun Getirdikleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hukuk devrimi denilince ilk akla gelen Medeni Kanun\u2019un kabulu\u0308du\u0308r.<\/p>\n

17 S\u0327ubat 1926 da kabul edilen ve 4 Ekim 1926\u2019da yu\u0308ru\u0308rlu\u0308g\u0306e giren Medeni Kanun\u2019un o\u0308zellikle Aile Hukuku bo\u0308lu\u0308mu\u0308nde ko\u0308klu\u0308 bir hukuk devrimi yas\u0327ama gec\u0327irilmis\u0327tir.<\/p>\n

Medeni Kanun ile erkeg\u0306in birden c\u0327ok kad\u0131nla evlenebilmesi yerine tek es\u0327lilik, erkeg\u0306in \u201cbos\u0327 ol\u201d demesi ile sonuc\u0327lanan bos\u0327anma yerine, kad\u0131n\u0131n veya erkeg\u0306in Kanunda belirtilen nedenlere dayanarak bos\u0327anma davas\u0131 ac\u0327abilmesi ve mahkeme karar\u0131 ile bos\u0327anma, erkek c\u0327ocug\u0306un tam pay, k\u0131z c\u0327ocug\u0306un yar\u0131 pay almas\u0131 yerine k\u0131z ve erkek c\u0327ocuklar\u0131n mirastan es\u0327it pay almalar\u0131 kabul edilmis\u0327tir. \u201cEvlenme yas\u0327\u0131\u201d belirlenmesi ve ayn\u0131 zamanda halen Anayasam\u0131zda devrim yasalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda korunan \u201cresmi nikah\u201d kural\u0131 da kad\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131n gu\u0308vencesi olmus\u0327tur.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar, 1900\u2019lu y\u0131llar ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan evlenme, bos\u0327anma, mal varl\u0131g\u0306\u0131, miras gibi o\u0308zel yas\u0327amlar\u0131na ilis\u0327kin haklar ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan erkeklerle es\u0327it haklara sahip olmus\u0327lard\u0131r. Medeni Kanun, bu bak\u0131mdan u\u0308lkede demokratikles\u0327menin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 olarak nitelendirilir.<\/p>\n

1926\u2019da bir devrim kanunu olarak c\u0327\u0131kar\u0131lan Medeni Kanunun Genel Gerekc\u0327esinde bu devrimin anlam\u0131 ve deg\u0306eri o\u0308zetle s\u0327u cu\u0308mlelerle vurgulanm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r:<\/p>\n

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\u201c... insanl\u0131k yas\u0327am\u0131, her gu\u0308n hatta her an esasl\u0131 deg\u0306is\u0327ikliklerle kars\u0327\u0131 kars\u0327\u0131yad\u0131r. Bu deg\u0306is\u0327iklikleri, yu\u0308ru\u0308yu\u0308s\u0327u\u0308 deg\u0306is\u0327mez kurallar c\u0327evresinde saptamak ve dondurmak mu\u0308mku\u0308n deg\u0306ildir. Kanunlar\u0131 dine dayal\u0131 olan devletler k\u0131sa bir zaman sonra u\u0308lkenin ve ulusun ihtiyac\u0327 ve isteklerini kars\u0327\u0131layamazlar. C\u0327u\u0308nku\u0308 dinler deg\u0306is\u0327mez hu\u0308ku\u0308mler belirtirler. Yas\u0327am yu\u0308ru\u0308r; ihtiyac\u0327lar h\u0131zla deg\u0306is\u0327ir … Deg\u0306is\u0327memek dinler ic\u0327in bir zorunluluktur. Bu bak\u0131mdan dinlerin sadece bir vicdan is\u0327i olarak kalmas\u0131 gu\u0308nu\u0308mu\u0308z uygarl\u0131g\u0306\u0131n\u0131n esaslar\u0131ndan .. birisidir. …<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c…Yu\u0308zy\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z uygarl\u0131g\u0306\u0131na mensup devletlerin ilk ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 nitelikleri din ile du\u0308nyay\u0131 ayr\u0131 go\u0308rmektedir. Bunun tersi, devletin kabul ettig\u0306i din esaslar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmeyen kimselerin vicdanlar\u0131n\u0131 bask\u0131 alt\u0131na almak olur. Bunu yu\u0308zy\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n devlet anlay\u0131s\u0327\u0131 kabul edemez. Din, devlet go\u0308zu\u0308nde vicdanlarda kald\u0131kc\u0327a sayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Dinin hu\u0308ku\u0308m halinde kanunlara girmesi tarihin ak\u0131s\u0327\u0131nda c\u0327og\u0306u kez hu\u0308ku\u0308mdarlar\u0131n, zorbalar\u0131n, gu\u0308c\u0327lu\u0308lerin keyif ve isteklerini tatmine arac\u0131 olmas\u0131 sonucunu getirmis\u0327tir. Dini du\u0308nyadan ay\u0131rmakla yu\u0308zy\u0131l\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n devleti, insanl\u0131g\u0306\u0131 tarihin bu kanl\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131ndan kurtarm\u0131s\u0327 ve dine gerc\u0327ek yeri olan vicdan\u0131 ay\u0131rm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r. O\u0308zellikle c\u0327es\u0327itli dinlere mensup uyruklara sahip devletlerde tek bir kanunun bu\u0308tu\u0308n toplumda uygulanma yetkinlig\u0306ini kazanabilmesi ic\u0327in bunun dinle ilis\u0327kisinin olmamas\u0131, ulus egemenlig\u0306i ic\u0327in de bir zorunluluktur<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri’nin 40. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cumhuriyetimizin kurulus\u0327unu izleyen y\u0131llarda u\u0308lkede c\u0327ag\u0306das\u0327, uygar bir yas\u0327am bic\u0327iminin yerles\u0327tirilmesi amac\u0131yla eg\u0306itimde, sosyal, ku\u0308ltu\u0308rel, ekonomik ve siyasal yas\u0327amda ko\u0308klu\u0308 devrimler yap\u0131lm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r. Her devrim, hukuk devrimini de ic\u0327erir ve her devletin hukuk sistemi o devletin temeline uygun du\u0308zenlenir. Atatu\u0308rk ve arkadas\u0327lar\u0131n\u0131n o\u0308nderlig\u0306inde kurulan Tu\u0308rkiye Cumhuriyeti kurtulus\u0327 mu\u0308cadelesinden itibaren ulusal egemenlik temeline dayand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r. 1924 tarihli Anayasa\u2019da […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":259,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[349],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sayi-40"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5453","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/259"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5453"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5453\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5453"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5453"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5453"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}