{"id":5700,"date":"2024-10-08T10:48:06","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T07:48:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5700"},"modified":"2024-10-08T10:48:06","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T07:48:06","slug":"cumhuriyetin-teminati-100-yilinda-1924-anayasasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5700","title":{"rendered":"Cumhuriyetin Teminat\u0131: 100. Y\u0131l\u0131nda 1924 Anayasas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u201cYasalar ve anayasalar; din ve gelenek, t\u00fcm bunlar, onlar\u0131 yaratan yarat\u0131klar\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131, o yarat\u0131klar\u0131 yaratan maddelerin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamadan anla\u015f\u0131lamaz.\u201d [1]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup>\u00a0 Jack London<\/em><\/p>\n

Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/p>\n

1924 Anayasas\u0131, veyahut o d\u00f6nemki ifadeyle Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu, feodalizmden kapitalizme, ki\u015fisel iktidardan ulus egemenli\u011fine, emperyalizm \u00f6n\u00fcnde diz \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f yar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge bir devletten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve egemen bir devlete ge\u00e7i\u015fi simgeleyen tarihi ve kurucu bir belgedir. Nitekim 1924 Anayasas\u0131, birinci emperyalist payla\u015f\u0131m sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n sonucunda ba\u015flayan ve Anadolu topraklar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcrgele\u015ftirilmesine kar\u015f\u0131 isyan\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen bir ulusal kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinin sonucunda var olabilmi\u015ftir. Fakat 1924 Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu, yaln\u0131zca emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131 ulusal kurtulu\u015f hareketinin r\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcn\u00fc ispat etmesinden ibaret de\u011fildir; O, buna ek olarak \u00fclke i\u00e7erisindeki biriken \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenip sonuca erdirilmesinin de simgesidir. Bu sebeple 1924 Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tarihsel \u00f6nemini anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ibreyi biraz daha geriye sarmak ve \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin birikti\u011fi s\u00fcrece g\u00f6z gezdirmekte fayda var.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Mill\u00ee M\u00fccadele, Birinci Meclis ve 1921 Anayasas\u0131<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan yenilgiyle ayr\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 Devleti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sava\u015f\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r oldu. \u00d6yle ki Mondros M\u00fctarekesi, \u0130tilaf Devletlerine g\u00fcvenliklerini tehlikede g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri stratejik yerleri i\u015fgal etme yetkisi tan\u0131yordu. Nitekim \u00e7ok ge\u00e7meden M\u00fcttefikler, Anadolu\u2019nun \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00f6lgelerini i\u015fgale giri\u015ftiler.[2]<\/sup><\/a> Bununla birlikte M\u00fctareke D\u00f6nemi, bir iktidar bo\u015flu\u011funa da yol a\u00e7t\u0131. \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin lider kadrolar\u0131 \u00fclkeyi terk etmi\u015f ve Osmanl\u0131 hanedan\u0131 M\u00fcttefiklerin himayesi alt\u0131na girerek iktidar g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc yitirmi\u015f durumdayd\u0131. Bu durum, siyasal ve anayasal geli\u015fmeler i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli bir ortam sa\u011flamaktayd\u0131.[3]<\/sup><\/a> Nitekim artan partile\u015fme s\u00fcre\u00e7leri de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, d\u00f6nem yeni siyasal program ve strateji aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n da d\u00f6nemiydi.[4]<\/sup><\/a> Fakat nesnelli\u011fin bu olumlu \u015fartlar\u0131, onu \u00f6rg\u00fctleyen ve iktidar m\u00fccadelesinin arac\u0131 h\u00e2line getiren bir \u00f6nderlik ile birle\u015fmezse yetersiz kalabilirdi. Anadolu\u2019da ba\u015flayan i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015f hareketleri ve kongreler, bu liderli\u011fin filizlenece\u011fi alanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    …..<\/p>\n

    Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri’nin 41. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [1]<\/sup><\/a> Jack London, Martin Eden, Destek Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, s. 286.<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/sup><\/a> Taner Timur, T\u00fcrk Devrimi ve Sonras\u0131, \u0130mge Kitabevi, Ankara 2013, s.18.<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/sup><\/a> B\u00fclent Tan\u00f6r, Osmanl\u0131- T\u00fcrk Anayasal Geli\u015fmeleri, Yap\u0131 Kredi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2017, s.226.<\/p>\n

    [4]<\/sup><\/a> Fatma Eda \u00c7elik, Asl\u0131 Y\u0131lmaz U\u00e7ar, Cumhuriyet\u2019in \u0130radesi, in. Cumhuriyetin Siyasal ve D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel Serancam\u0131, Tarih Vakf\u0131 Yurt Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2023, s. 208.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u201cYasalar ve anayasalar; din ve gelenek, t\u00fcm bunlar, onlar\u0131 yaratan yarat\u0131klar\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131, o yarat\u0131klar\u0131 yaratan maddelerin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamadan anla\u015f\u0131lamaz.\u201d [1]\u00a0 Jack London Giri\u015f 1924 Anayasas\u0131, veyahut o d\u00f6nemki ifadeyle Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Esasiye Kanunu, feodalizmden kapitalizme, ki\u015fisel iktidardan ulus egemenli\u011fine, emperyalizm \u00f6n\u00fcnde diz \u00e7\u00f6km\u00fc\u015f yar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrge bir devletten ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve egemen bir devlete ge\u00e7i\u015fi simgeleyen tarihi ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":260,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5700","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5700","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/260"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5700"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5700\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5700"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5700"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5700"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}