{"id":5896,"date":"2025-04-28T23:11:57","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T20:11:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5896"},"modified":"2025-04-28T23:11:57","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T20:11:57","slug":"kamu-ihale-kanununda-istisna-usul-olan-pazarlik-usulunun-hukukiligi-uygulanmasindaki-sorunlar-ve-cozum-onerileri-kik-21-b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/?p=5896","title":{"rendered":"Kamu \u0130hale Kanunu\u2019nda \u0130stisna Usul(!) Olan Pazarl\u0131k Usul\u00fcn\u00fcn Hukukili\u011fi, Uygulanmas\u0131ndaki Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00d6nerileri (K\u0130K 21\/B)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1- G\u0131\u0307r\u0131\u0307s\u0327 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mevcut kamu du\u0308zeni insanlar\u0131n topluluk h\u00e2linde yas\u0327amaya bas\u0327lad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 ilk gu\u0308nden bugu\u0308ne kadar olus\u0327mus\u0327 bir birikimin eseridir. Toplum bilimciler, filozoflar, kamu hukukc\u0327ular\u0131 tarih boyunca devletin kaynag\u0306\u0131, amac\u0131 ve konumuna dair c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327malar\u0131n\u0131 su\u0308rdu\u0308rmu\u0308s\u0327lerdir. Gu\u0308nu\u0308mu\u0308zde kamu du\u0308zeninin ve devletin gelmis\u0327 oldug\u0306u yere bakt\u0131g\u0306\u0131m\u0131zda sosyal devlet olgusunun da gu\u0308c\u0327lenmesi ile \u201cinsan ic\u0327in devlet\u201d go\u0308ru\u0308s\u0327u\u0308n\u00fcn yerles\u0327mesi beklenebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tu\u0308rkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbas\u0327kanl\u0131g\u0306\u0131 Strateji ve Bu\u0308tc\u0327e Bas\u0327kanl\u0131g\u0306\u0131na go\u0308re 2021 Aral\u0131k ay\u0131 itibariyle toplam istihdam\u0131n[1]<\/a> (29.550.000) yu\u0308zde 16\u2019s\u0131 (4.877.270) kamu istihdam\u0131[2]<\/a> ic\u0327inde yer almaktad\u0131r. Bu verilere kamu kurumu ve kurulus\u0327lar\u0131nda c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327an is\u0327c\u0327iler dahil edilmemis\u0327tir. Genel-I\u0307s\u0327 Sendikas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201c2021 Aral\u0131k I\u0307stihdam Raporu[3]<\/a>\u201dna go\u0308re ise is\u0327c\u0327ilerin yu\u0308zde 67\u2019si (570.936) belediyelerde c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327maktad\u0131r. Bu istatistiklerden kabaca varabileceg\u0306imiz sonuc\u0327 her do\u0308rt c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327an vatandas\u0327tan birinin kamu ad\u0131na c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327\u0131p maas\u0327\u0131n\u0131 kamu bu\u0308tc\u0327esinden almaktad\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131 gu\u0308nu\u0308mu\u0308zde de Tu\u0308rkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti u\u0308lkenin en bu\u0308yu\u0308k is\u0327vereni konumundad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Meclisten gec\u0327en \u201c2022 Y\u0131l\u0131 Merkezi Yo\u0308netim Bu\u0308tc\u0327e Kanunu\u201d[4]<\/a>na go\u0308re ise 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 gider beklentisi 1.750.957.000.000 Tu\u0308rk liras\u0131 yani Tu\u0308rkiye\u2019nin en bu\u0308yu\u0308k 3 s\u0327irketinin y\u0131ll\u0131k cirosunun[5]<\/a> toplam\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 8 kat\u0131d\u0131r. K\u0131sacas\u0131 Tu\u0308rkiye Cumhuriyeti ayn\u0131 zamanda u\u0308lkede en c\u0327ok kazanan ve harcayan merciidir. Yine de kamu hizmetinin g\u00f6rd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rden t\u00fcrl\u00fc hizmet al\u0131mlar\u0131 veya yap\u0131m i\u015fleri vermesi gerekmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kamunun harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu paray\u0131 vergi ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda tu\u0308m vatandas\u0327lardan toplamas\u0131 ve bu toplad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 paralar\u0131 yine kamu yarar\u0131 amac\u0131yla kullanmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Ancak bu hizmetlerin go\u0308ru\u0308lmesinde yap\u0131lacak harcamalar\u0131n da kamu vicdan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan denetlenmesi ve kamuya maliyetin minimize edilerek yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. Kamu hizmetinin gu\u0308nu\u0308mu\u0308zde ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlilik go\u0308z o\u0308nu\u0308ne al\u0131nd\u0131g\u0306\u0131nda idare akla hayale gelmeyecek mal ve hizmetlere ihtiyac\u0327 duymaktad\u0131r. Art\u0131k o\u0308ngo\u0308ru\u0308lemeyen bu harcama c\u0327\u0131lg\u0131nl\u0131g\u0306\u0131 \u201cihale\u201d ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda sistemles\u0327tirilmis\u0327tir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131da tarihi c\u0327ok da eskiye dayanmayan ihale sistemi i\u00e7erisinde g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lan ancak istisna usul olan 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu I\u0307hale Kanunu 21. maddesinde B f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308 bas\u0327l\u0131g\u0306\u0131ndan bahsedilecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

2- Kamu \u0130hale Usuller\u0131\u0307 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hukukumuzda idare usul kanunu mevcut deg\u0306ildir. Kamu al\u0131mlar\u0131 konusunda ise h\u00e2l\u00e2 yu\u0308ru\u0308rlu\u0308kte iki adet kanun vard\u0131r[6]<\/a>ancak ha\u0302kim bir s\u0327ekilde usul\u00fc de d\u00fczenleyen bir kanun mevcuttur.[7]<\/a> Bu kanunun amac\u0131 ayn\u0131 kanunun be\u015finci maddesinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. D\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re kanunun amac\u0131: \u201cSaydaml\u0131\u011f\u0131, rekabeti, e\u015fit muameleyi, gu\u0308venilirlig\u0306i, gizlilig\u0306i, kamuoyu denetimini, ihtiyac\u0327lar\u0131n uygun s\u0327artlarla ve zaman\u0131nda kars\u0327\u0131lanmas\u0131 ve kaynaklar\u0131n verimli kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sag\u0306lamakt\u0131r<\/em>\u201d. Bu hususta uygulanacak olan temel ihale usulu\u0308 de ac\u0327\u0131k ihale usulu\u0308du\u0308r. Dig\u0306er ihale usulleri de 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu I\u0307hale Kanunu 18. maddesinde say\u0131lan, belli istekliler aras\u0131nda ihale usulu\u0308 ve pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308du\u0308r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130dare hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz ki en kaliteli mala ve hizmete ihtiyac\u0327 duymaktad\u0131r. \u0130dare bu mala ve hizmete ise maliyetini minimize ederek ve kamu vicdan\u0131 c\u0327erc\u0327evesinde ulas\u0327mal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu sonuca giden su\u0308rec\u0327te ise yolsuzluk bas\u0327ta olmak u\u0308zere tu\u0308m haks\u0131zl\u0131klarla mu\u0308cadele etmek de idarenin ve yasaman\u0131n go\u0308revidir. Bu sebeple y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Kamu \u0130hale Kanunu fazlas\u0131yla ele\u015ftirilmektedir[8]<\/a>. Kanun yu\u0308ru\u0308rlu\u0308g\u0306e girdig\u0306i 2002 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bugu\u0308ne toplamda yu\u0308zden fazla deg\u0306is\u0327iklig\u0306e maruz kalm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r. Bu anlamda kanun metin deg\u0306is\u0327iklig\u0306i rekorunu elinde tuttug\u0306u anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. Bu kadar s\u0131k deg\u0306is\u0327en kanun u\u0308zerinde go\u0308ru\u0308s\u0327 ve eles\u0327tirilerin s\u0131kl\u0131g\u0306\u0131 yad\u0131rganacak bir durum deg\u0306ildir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kanunun istisnai ihale usullerinden pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308nu\u0308 du\u0308zenleyen 21. maddesine de\u011finecek olursak; Kanun bu maddede sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2llerde ac\u0327\u0131k ihale usulu\u0308 go\u0308zetilmeksizin idarenin davet ettig\u0306i istekliler aras\u0131nda pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308 ile al\u0131m yapabileceg\u0306ini o\u0308ngo\u0308rmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu kanunun en c\u0327ok kullan\u0131lan f\u0131kras\u0131 ise 21\/B f\u0131kras\u0131d\u0131r. Bu h\u00fckme go\u0308re herhangi bir ihale bedeli s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n idare \u201cDog\u0306al afetler, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar, can veya mal kayb\u0131 tehlikesi gibi ani ve beklenmeyen veya yap\u0131m teknig\u0306i ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan o\u0308zellik arz eden veya can ve mal gu\u0308venlig\u0306inin sag\u0306lanmas\u0131 ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklilig\u0306i idarece belirlenen hallerde veyahut idare taraf\u0131ndan o\u0308nceden o\u0308ngo\u0308ru\u0308lemeyen olaylar\u0131n ortaya c\u0327\u0131kmas\u0131 u\u0308zerine ihalenin ivedi olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131\u201d <\/em>h\u00e2linde idare isteklilerden biriyle so\u0308zles\u0327me imzalayabilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

3- 21\/B maddes\u0131\u0307n\u0131\u0307n uygulanmas\u0131 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kamu ihale kanununda so\u0308z konusu pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308nu\u0308n genel ihale usulu\u0308 olmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 o\u0308zel bir istisna oldug\u0306undan bahsettik. Ayr\u0131ca alt\u0131 farkl\u0131 pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308 tercihi sebebi mevcut bunlar kanunda \u015f\u00f6yle belirtiliyor:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cA\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen hallerde pazarl\u0131k usul\u00fc\u0308 ile ihale yap\u0131labilir: <\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. a) A\u00e7\u0131k ihale usul\u00fc\u0308 veya belli istekliler aras\u0131nda ihale usulu\u0308 ile yap\u0131lan ihale sonucunda teklif c\u0327\u0131kmamas\u0131. <\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. b) Dog\u0306al afetler, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar, can veya mal kayb\u0131 tehlikesi gibi ani ve beklenmeyen veya yap\u0131m teknig\u0306i ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan o\u0308zellik arz eden veya yap\u0131 veya can ve mal gu\u0308venlig\u0306inin sag\u0306lanmas\u0131 ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan ivedilikle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklilig\u0306i idarece belirlenen hallerde veyahut idare taraf\u0131ndan o\u0308nceden o\u0308ngo\u0308ru\u0308lemeyen olaylar\u0131n ortaya c\u0327\u0131kmas\u0131 u\u0308zerine ihalenin ivedi olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131. <\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
  3. c) Savunma ve gu\u0308venlikle ilgili o\u0308zel durumlar\u0131n ortaya c\u0327\u0131kmas\u0131 u\u0308zerine ihalenin ivedi olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131. <\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
  4. d) I\u0307halenin, aras\u0327t\u0131rma ve gelis\u0327tirme su\u0308recine ihtiyac\u0327 go\u0308steren ve seri u\u0308retime konu olmayan nitelikte olmas\u0131. <\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
  5. e) I\u0307hale konusu mal veya hizmet al\u0131mlar\u0131 ile yap\u0131m is\u0327lerinin o\u0308zgu\u0308n nitelikte ve karmas\u0327\u0131k olmas\u0131 nedeniyle teknik ve mali\u0302 o\u0308zelliklerinin gerekli olan netlikte belirlenememesi. <\/em><\/span><\/li>\n
  6. f) I\u0307darelerin yaklas\u0327\u0131k maliyeti ellimilyar Tu\u0308rk Liras\u0131na kadar olan mamul mal, malzeme veya hizmet al\u0131mlar\u0131\u201d. <\/em>Ancak o\u0308zellikle 21\/B\u2019ye dikkat c\u0327ekmek gerekir, c\u0327u\u0308nku\u0308:<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm ihalelerin %30,13\u2019\u00fc, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm ihalelerin %31,74\u2019\u00fc, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm ihalelerin %27,82\u2019si, 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm ihalelerin %28,76\u2019s\u0131 pazarl\u0131k usul\u00fc\u0308 ile yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burada as\u0131l dikkat edilmesi gereken ihale say\u0131s\u0131ndan ziyade ihale b\u00fct\u00e7esinin kullan\u0131m dengesidir. \u0130dare s\u0131ras\u0131yla 2023, 2022, 2021 ve 2020 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ihale b\u00fct\u00e7esinin %41,58, %29,99, %24,50 ve %23,83\u2019u\u0308n\u00fc Kanunun 21\/B maddesine go\u0308re harcanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu da son d\u00f6rt y\u0131lda toplamda 827.631.884.000 T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131na tekab\u00fcl etmektedir.[9]<\/a> 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda da benzer oranlar kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.[10]<\/a> Bu durum da Covid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n bir etkisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda t\u00fcm \u00fclkeyi etkileyen Depremin de etkisinin g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi 2022 ve 2023 verilerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Kanunda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a uygulanmas\u0131 gereken h\u00e2ller say\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve bunlar i\u00e7in ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 durumlar g\u00f6sterilmi\u015fken 21\/B\u2019nin bu kadar yog\u0306un uygulama alan\u0131 bulmas\u0131 tart\u0131s\u0327mal\u0131 bir durum yaratmaktad\u0131r. Keza 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda so\u0308z konusu ihale usulu\u0308 ic\u0327in ilan zorunlulug\u0306un kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kapal\u0131 kap\u0131lar ard\u0131nda adrese teslim ihale iddialar\u0131 do\u011furabilecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Kanunun 21\/B maddesinin uygulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in dog\u0306al afetler, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar, can veya mal kayb\u0131 tehlikesi gibi ani ve beklenmeyen veya yap\u0131m teknig\u0306i ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan o\u0308zellik arz eden veya can ve mal gu\u0308venlig\u0306inin sag\u0306lanmas\u0131 ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereklilig\u0306i idarece belirlenen h\u00e2llerde veyahut idare taraf\u0131ndan o\u0308nceden o\u0308ngo\u0308ru\u0308lemeyen olaylar\u0131n ortaya c\u0327\u0131kmas\u0131 yaln\u0131zca yeterli deg\u0306ildir. Ayr\u0131ca ihalenin ivedi olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131 ve idarenin olay\u0131 ivedilikle c\u0327o\u0308zmesi gerekmelidir.[11]<\/a> Ancak uygulamada idarenin bu s\u0327artlar\u0131n birlikte sag\u0306lanmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131, birc\u0327ok durumda da pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308nu\u0308n tercih ettig\u0306ini go\u0308rmekteyiz.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Bu durum da s\u0131kc\u0327a idari itiraz mercii (Kamu I\u0307hale Kurumu) ile idari yarg\u0131n\u0131n kars\u0327\u0131s\u0131na c\u0327\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca idarenin bu kanunun ilgili maddesini uygulamaktaki dayanag\u0306\u0131 ihtimali deg\u0306il somut olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla o\u0308rneg\u0306in deprem cog\u0306rafyas\u0131nda bulunmam\u0131z\u0131n depreme kars\u0327\u0131 bir binan\u0131n gu\u0308c\u0327lendirilmesi ic\u0327in ivedilikle o binan\u0131n yap\u0131m is\u0327inin ihale edilmesinin gerekmesi ac\u0327\u0131k ihale usulu\u0308 yerine pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308 ile ihaleyi mes\u0327ru k\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r. Veyahut meydana gelmis\u0327 depremde hasar go\u0308ren bir yap\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131 y\u0131l y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 ve yeniden in\u015fas\u0131 ihale edilmeyip alt\u0131 y\u0131l sonra ivedilik s\u0327art\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirdig\u0306i gerekc\u0327esiyle pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308 ile ihale edilemez.[12]<\/a> Bu sebep gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6sterilerek ger\u00e7eklesen bir\u00e7ok ihale[13]<\/a>iptal edilmis\u0327tir. Bu \u00f6rnek kararlara ra\u011fmen \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi, T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi Binalar\u0131 yap\u0131m\u0131, Merkez Ku\u0308tu\u0308phane ve Genc\u0327lik Merkezi yap\u0131m\u0131 ve Hukuk Faku\u0308ltesi binas\u0131 gu\u0308c\u0327lendirmesi is\u0327lerini 21\/B ile ihale etmis\u0327tir.[14]<\/a> So\u0308z konusu o\u0308rnek ihalelerin hangi sebeple 21\/B ile yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmemektedir. Yaln\u0131z itiraza kar\u015f\u0131 idarenin yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu savunma \u00fczerine fikir sahibi olma imk\u00e2n\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r. Kamu I\u0307hale Kanunu 21\/B\u2019nin uygulanmas\u0131nda kars\u0327\u0131m\u0131za c\u0327\u0131kan bir durum da bu itiraz\u0131n yap\u0131labilme s\u0327artlar\u0131. Bir ihalede istekli s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 haiz kimseler bir hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k oldug\u0306u kanaatine var\u0131rsa Kamu I\u0307hale Kurumu\u2019na bas\u0327vurabilir. Bu yol idari yarg\u0131da dava ac\u0327\u0131lmas\u0131 ic\u0327in de aranan s\u0327artlardan da birisidir. I\u0307ki as\u0327amal\u0131 bu s\u0327ika\u0302yet imkan\u0131ndan yararlanmak isteyen taraflar\u0131n s\u0327ik\u00e2yet ve dava ehliyeti \u00e7ok\u00e7a tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. H\u00e2l\u00e2 da bu tart\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0130halelere Yo\u0308nelik Ba\u015fvurular Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin[15]<\/a> \u201cBa\u015fvuru Ehliyeti\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan bes\u0327inci maddesine go\u0308re ihale su\u0308recindeki hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 is\u0327lem veya eylemler nedeniyle bir hak kayb\u0131na veya zarara ug\u0306rad\u0131g\u0306\u0131n\u0131 veya zarara ug\u0306ramas\u0131n\u0131n muhtemel oldug\u0306unu iddia eden; istekli olabilecekler o\u0308n yeterlik ve\/veya ihale doku\u0308man\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi, o\u0308n yeterlik ve\/veya ihale ilan\u0131nda veya o\u0308n yeterlik ve\/veya ihale doku\u0308man\u0131nda yer verilen du\u0308zenlemeler ve\/veya bu du\u0308zenlemeler ile idari uygulamalar aras\u0131ndaki uyumsuzluklar hakk\u0131nda s\u0327ik\u00e2yet bas\u0327vurusu yapabilmektedirler. Ancak pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308nu\u0308n benimsendig\u0306i ihalelerde yaln\u0131zca idarenin davet ettig\u0306i isteklilere doku\u0308man sat\u0131ld\u0131g\u0306\u0131 bas\u0327ka kimselere so\u0308z konusu doku\u0308manlar\u0131n verilmedig\u0306i go\u0308z o\u0308nu\u0308ne al\u0131nd\u0131g\u0306\u0131nda idarenin sec\u0327medig\u0306i kimse itiraz hakk\u0131na sahip deg\u0306ildir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Dan\u0131s\u0327tay da 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cpazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308yle ilans\u0131z yap\u0131lan dava konusu ihalede, ihaleye davet edilmeyen ve kendisine ihale doku\u0308man\u0131 sat\u0131lmayan, bu nedenle de istekli olabilecek s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 haiz olmayan davac\u0131lar\u0131n, hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldug\u0306unu iddia ettikleri is\u0327 ve is\u0327lemler yo\u0308nu\u0308nden s\u0327ika\u0302yet ve itirazen s\u0327ika\u0302yet su\u0308recine deg\u0306il dog\u0306rudan dava ac\u0327ma yoluna bas\u0327vurmalar\u0131 gerekmektedir. Bu durumda, 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da o\u0308ngo\u0308ru\u0308ldu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308 bic\u0327imde aday, istekli ya da istekli olabilecekler aras\u0131nda bulunmayan davac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan Kuruma itirazen s\u0327ika\u0302yet bas\u0327vurusunda bulunulmas\u0131 mu\u0308mku\u0308n olmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131na<\/em>\u201d[16]<\/a> karar vermis\u0327tir. Fakat Dan\u0131s\u0327tay\u2019\u0131n ayn\u0131 dairesi 9 ay \u00f6nceki bir ba\u015fka i\u00e7tihad\u0131nda ise \u201c4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 28. maddesinde, ilan yap\u0131lmayan ihalelerde ihale doku\u0308man\u0131n\u0131n sadece idare taraf\u0131ndan davet edilenlere sat\u0131lacag\u0306\u0131 belirtilmis\u0327 olup bu kurala go\u0308re ihaleye davet etmeme yo\u0308nu\u0308nde idarece kullan\u0131lan takdir yetkisinin mutlak ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z olmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, doku\u0308man sat\u0131n alma ve ihaleye teklif vermeye yo\u0308nelik ihaleye davet edilme istemli bas\u0327vurular\u0131n hakl\u0131 ve ma\u0302ku\u0302l bir sebep go\u0308sterilerek reddedilmesi mu\u0308mku\u0308n ise de daval\u0131 idarece \u2018is\u0327in o\u0308zellig\u0306i ve o\u0308nemine uygun olarak idarece belirlenen firmalar\u0131 ihaleye davet etme imka\u0302n\u0131n\u0131 fiilen ortadan kald\u0131rd\u0131g\u0306\u0131 ve davet edilmemis\u0327 olmalar\u0131na rag\u0306men davet edilme talebi ile yap\u0131lan mu\u0308racaatlar nedeniyle acil ve ivedi olarak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken is\u0327lerin gecikmesine ya da yap\u0131lamamas\u0131na neden olundug\u0306undan\u2019 bahisle reddedilmesi Kanunun amac\u0131na uygun deg\u0306ildir.\u201d [17]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>demekte ve bu kimselerin istekli s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131 haiz olabilece\u011fine kanaat getirmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    I\u0307lk derece mahkemeleri ise Dan\u0131s\u0327tay\u2019\u0131n vermis\u0327 oldug\u0306u ehliyet karar\u0131na net bir kat\u0131l\u0131m go\u0308stermemis\u0327 ve \u201caranan \u2018istekli\u2019 veya \u2018istekli olabilecek\u2019 s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n, ilan yap\u0131lmayan ve davet edilmeyenlere doku\u0308man sat\u0131lmayan pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308nde kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 mu\u0308mku\u0308n olmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131ndan, ilans\u0131z pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308nu\u0308n uyguland\u0131g\u0306\u0131 ihalelerde \u2018istekli\u2019 veya \u2018istekli olabilecek\u2019ler d\u0131s\u0327\u0131nda kalanlar ac\u0327\u0131s\u0131ndan idari\u0302 bas\u0327vuru zorunlulug\u0306u bulunmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131, dig\u0306er bir ifadeyle, bu kis\u0327ilerce dog\u0306rudan dava ac\u0327\u0131labileceg\u0306i, uyus\u0327mazl\u0131kta ise, dava konusu ihalenin Kamu I\u0307hale Kurumu Elektronik Kamu Al\u0131mlar\u0131 Platformu (EKAP) internet sitesi u\u0308zerinden ilan edildig\u0306i go\u0308ru\u0308ldu\u0308g\u0306u\u0308nden, davac\u0131 s\u0327irketin \u2018istekli olabilecekler\u2019 kapsam\u0131nda deg\u0306erlendirilmesi gerektig\u0306i, bu durumda, s\u0327ika\u0302yet ve itirazen s\u0327ika\u0302yet yolu tu\u0308ketilmeden bak\u0131lan davan\u0131n ac\u0327\u0131ld\u0131g\u0306\u0131 anlas\u0327\u0131ld\u0131g\u0306\u0131ndan, an\u0131lan zorunlu idari\u0302 bas\u0327vuru yollar\u0131 tu\u0308ketilmeden dosyan\u0131n tekemmu\u0308l ettirilerek davan\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesine hukuken imka\u0302n bulunmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131, bu itibarla, 2577 say\u0131l\u0131 I\u0307dari Yarg\u0131lama Usulu\u0308 Kanunu’nun 15\/1-emaddesi uyar\u0131nca dava dilekc\u0327esinin, s\u0327ika\u0302yet bas\u0327vurusunu inceleyecek idari\u0302 merci olan …\u0131’na tevdii gerekti\u011fi sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131s\u0327t\u0131r<\/em>.\u201d[18]<\/a> s\u0327eklinde kararlara imza atm\u0131s\u0327lard\u0131r.[19]<\/a> Yetkili idarelerin de doku\u0308man satmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 kis\u0327ilerin ac\u0327t\u0131g\u0306\u0131 davalarda dahi kanun yolunun tu\u0308ketilmedig\u0306i ve mercie tevdi karar\u0131 verilmesi gerektig\u0306ine dair itirazlar\u0131 mevcuttur.[20]<\/a> Ayn\u0131 bu yetkili idareler ayr\u0131ca idari yarg\u0131ya yans\u0131yan neredeyse tu\u0308m davalarda davac\u0131n\u0131n dava ehliyetine dahi sahip olmad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 yo\u0308nu\u0308nde beyanlarda bulunmaktad\u0131r.[21]<\/a>Dan\u0131s\u0327tay ve idare mahkemeleri nezdinde bu kadar k\u0131sa su\u0308rede ayn\u0131 konu hakk\u0131nda birbirine z\u0131t kararlar\u0131n verilmesi ile idarelerin tek bir mant\u0131k zeminine oturtulamayan farkl\u0131 iddialar\u0131 da uygulama denetimini ciddi anlamda zedelemektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Sonu\u00e7 olarak son mevcut karar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; \u0130darenin herhangi bir ilan yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca kendi davet ettig\u0306i isteklileri ihaleye davet etmesinin getirdig\u0306i dan\u0131s\u0327\u0131kl\u0131 do\u0308vu\u0308s\u0327 h\u00e2li ve dig\u0306er isteklilerin kanunen bu s\u0131fat\u0131 haiz olamay\u0131s\u0327\u0131 Kamu I\u0307hale Kurumu\u2019nun Kurul Karar\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. Bu da idarenin denetlenebilirlig\u0306i ilkesini zedelemektedir. Ayr\u0131ca belirtmek gerekir ki Kamu I\u0307hale Kurumu\u2019nun re\u2019sen inceleme bas\u0327latma yetkisi bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    ****<\/p>\n

    Yaz\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131n\u0131 Hukuk Defterleri’nin 42. say\u0131s\u0131nda okuyabilirsiniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n

    \n

    [1]<\/a> www.sbb.gov.tr\/istihdam<\/span><\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> www.sbb.gov.tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/1-Kamu_Sektoru_Istihdam_Sayilari-2021-10022022.xlsx<\/span><\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cloudsdomain.com\/uploads\/dosya\/47014.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> S.7344 RG.31706(Mu\u0308kerrer)<\/span><\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> Capital 500 capital.com.tr<\/span><\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> 4734 say\u0131l\u0131 Kamu I\u0307hale Kanunu, 2886 say\u0131l\u0131 Devlet I\u0307hale Kanunu<\/span><\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a> Bkz. 4734s. Kamu I\u0307hale Kanunu<\/span><\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a> \u00d6rnekler i\u00e7in bkz. Toker \u00c7,\u00a0Kamu ihalelerinde ola\u011fan i\u015fler<\/em>, 2019, Tekin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

    [9]<\/a> Kamu Al\u0131m\u0131 \u0130statistikleri 2020,2021,2022,2023, KI\u0307K, https:\/\/ihale.gov.tr\/kamu_alimlari_izleme_raporlari-45-1.html<\/span><\/p>\n

    [10]<\/a> Toplam ihalelerin %29.08\u2019i pazarl\u0131k usulu\u0308 ile yap\u0131lm\u0131s\u0327. Toplam ihale bu\u0308tc\u0327esinin %19.80\u2019i 21\/B ile harcanm\u0131s\u0327 (23.173.947.000 TL). Kamu Al\u0131m\u0131 I\u0307statistikleri 2019, KI\u0307K.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [11]<\/a> Dan\u0131s\u0327tay 13.D., E:2009\/4101,K:2010\/8217, E:2021\/4783,K:2021\/5302.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [12]<\/a> Dan\u0131s\u0327tay 13. D., E:2009\/4101, K:2010\/8217. \u00d6rnekler i\u00e7in bkz. DEMI\u0307RCI\u0307OG\u0306LU, \u201cI\u0307hale Yolsuzluklar\u0131nda Yeni Trend Ac\u0327\u0131k I\u0307hale Usulu\u0308nu\u0308n Terki Pazarl\u0131k Yoluyla I\u0307hale Usulu\u0308nu\u0308n Kes\u0327fi\u201d, TBB Dergisi S.115<\/span><\/p>\n

    [13]<\/a> \u0130stanbul \u00dcniversitesi \u0130ktisat Fak\u00fcltesi \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Ekonomisi ve End\u00fcstri I\u0307lis\u0327kiler Bo\u0308lu\u0308mu\u0308 O\u0308g\u0306retim U\u0308yesi Prof. Dr. Recep Seymen taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bas\u0327vurular u\u0308zerine verilen iptal kararlar\u0131: Kamu I\u0307hale Kurulu Karar\u0131, 2009\/UY.Z-99 Kamu I\u0307hale Kurulu Karar\u0131, 2009\/UY.Z-100 Kamu I\u0307hale Kurulu Karar\u0131, 2009\/UY.Z-101 Kamu I\u0307hale Kurulu Karar\u0131, 2009\/UY.Z-102 Kamu I\u0307hale Kurulu Karar\u0131, 2009\/ UY.Z-103 Kamu I\u0307hale Kurulu Karar\u0131, 2009\/UY.Z-104 Kamu I\u0307hale Kurulu Karar\u0131, 2009\/UY.Z-105. Detay i\u00e7in bkz. DEMI\u0307RCI\u0307OG\u0306LU, \u201cI\u0307hale Yolsuzluklar\u0131nda Yeni Trend Ac\u0327\u0131k I\u0307hale Usulu\u0308nu\u0308n Terki Pazarl\u0131k Yoluyla I\u0307hale Usulu\u0308nu\u0308n Kes\u0327fi\u201d, TBB Dergisi S.166<\/span><\/p>\n

    [14]<\/a> Elektronik Kamu I\u0307hale Platformu, Kamu I\u0307hale Kurumu I\u0307hale No: 2021\/479575, 2020\/95689, 2020\/4636208.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [15]<\/a> Resm\u00ee Gazete Tarihi: 03.01.2009 Resm\u00ee Gazete Say\u0131s\u0131: 27099<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

    [16]<\/a> Dan\u0131s\u0327tay 13.D., E:2015\/1722, K:2020\/2584 .<\/span><\/p>\n

    [17]<\/a> Dan\u0131s\u0327tay 13.D., E:2019\/4200, K:2020\/18.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [18]<\/a> Mug\u0306la 1. I\u0307dare Mahkemesi E:2020\/781, K:2020\/789.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [19]<\/a> Bir dig\u0306er o\u0308rnek: Mersin 2. I\u0307dare Mahkemesi E:2017\/1754, K:2018\/5.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [20]<\/a> Dan\u0131s\u0327tay 13.D., E:2020\/230, K:2020\/503.<\/span><\/p>\n

    [21]<\/a> O\u0308rn. Dan\u0131s\u0327tay 13.D., E:2021\/3882, K: 2021\/3059; E:2021\/4738, K:2021\/5302.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1- G\u0131\u0307r\u0131\u0307s\u0327 Mevcut kamu du\u0308zeni insanlar\u0131n topluluk h\u00e2linde yas\u0327amaya bas\u0327lad\u0131g\u0306\u0131 ilk gu\u0308nden bugu\u0308ne kadar olus\u0327mus\u0327 bir birikimin eseridir. Toplum bilimciler, filozoflar, kamu hukukc\u0327ular\u0131 tarih boyunca devletin kaynag\u0306\u0131, amac\u0131 ve konumuna dair c\u0327al\u0131s\u0327malar\u0131n\u0131 su\u0308rdu\u0308rmu\u0308s\u0327lerdir. Gu\u0308nu\u0308mu\u0308zde kamu du\u0308zeninin ve devletin gelmis\u0327 oldug\u0306u yere bakt\u0131g\u0306\u0131m\u0131zda sosyal devlet olgusunun da gu\u0308c\u0327lenmesi ile \u201cinsan ic\u0327in devlet\u201d go\u0308ru\u0308s\u0327u\u0308n\u00fcn yerles\u0327mesi beklenebilir. Tu\u0308rkiye […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":267,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5896","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/267"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5896"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5896\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hukukdefterleri.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}